scholarly journals Evidence for Biogenic Silica Occurrence in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale in Southeastern Chongqing, China

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Yutao Liang ◽  
Jinchuan Zhang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Xuan Tang ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Silica ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Biogenic Origin ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lower Silurian ◽  
Hydrothermal Origin ◽  
Longmaxi Shale

The gas shale in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation contains a considerable amount of biogenic silica. Various originated silicas in shale, derived from different depositional environment, are commonly associated with different degrees of organic matter enrichment, resulting in different mechanical and physical properties of shale reservoirs. Thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy were used to investigate the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale from Well Yuye 1 in southeastern Chongqing, China to obtain a better understanding of the origin of silica in the Longmaxi Shale. The results show ubiquitous cryptocrystalline silicas with poorly crystalline morphology, which differs from that of the detrital silica, authigenic silica, and hydrothermal silica, proving that the cryptocrystalline silicas may have a biogenic origin. Major element and mineral composition analysis indicate no correlations between K2O/Al2O3 and SiO2/Al2O3 and between illite and SiO2, and negative correlations between TiO2 and SiO2/Al2O3, between illite and quartz and excess Si, and between Al2O3 and excess Si, and all samples being located in the area of non-hydrothermal origin in the Al-Fe-Mn diagram, excluding silicas of terrigenous detrital origin, clay mineral transformed origin, and hydrothermal origin. Moreover, the fact that almost all samples plot above the illite Si/Al line in the cross-plot of Si versus Al and the mean values of Al/(Al + Fe + Mn) and Si/(Si + Al + Fe + Ca) are close to the values of biogenic silica prove that the silicas are primarily of biogenic origin. Positive correlations between TOC and quartz and excess Si and numerous siliceous organisms are observed, indicating that the silicas are associated with siliceous organisms. The postmortem siliceous organisms underwent silica diagenesis via a dissolution-precipitation mechanism following the sequence of opal-A → opal-CT → cryptocrystalline biogenic silica as the burial depth and temperature increased.

scholarly journals Study on the nonexistence of liquid miscibility gap in the Ce-Mn system

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tang ◽  
Y. Du ◽  
H. Xu ◽  
S. Hao ◽  
L. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Miscibility Gap ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Liquid Miscibility Gap

To ascertain whether the liquid miscibility gap exists in the Ce-Mn system, 3 key alloys are prepared by arc melting the pure elements, annealed at specified temperature for 20 minutes, quenched in ice water and then subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis for phase identification and to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis for microstructure observation and composition analysis. The XRD examination indicated that terminal solutions based on Ce and Mn exist in the water-quenched alloys. No compound was detected. Microstructure observation and composition analysis indicate the nonexistence of the liquid miscibility gap. The newly assessed Ce-Mn phase diagram was presented. .

scholarly journals Study of nanocomposite hafnia and zirconia based layers produced by plasma spraying

2021 ◽  
Vol 2144 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
S V Savushkina ◽  
A M Borisov ◽  
I V Suminov ◽  
E V Vysotina ◽  
A A Ashmarin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Plasma Spraying ◽  
Subgrain Size ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Pressure Plasma ◽  
Low Pressure Plasma Spraying ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Co Doped

Abstract Nanostructured and nanocomposite layers NiCoCrAlY+ ZrO2-7%Y2O3, ZrO2-7% Y2O3+HfO2-9%Y2O3, HfO2-9%Y2O3 with thickness of ∽ 20 μm were formed by low pressure plasma spraying. The structure and composition of the layers have been studied using a scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis, and XRD analysis. Thermal stability of the coatings has been analyzed using synchronous thermal analysis at temperatures up to 1600 °C. The results of structure and composition analysis of ZrO2-7%Y2O3+HfO2-9%Y2O3 layer suggest the formation ofnanocomposite co-doped regions of the ZrO2-HfO2-Y2O3 solid solution. The layer has greater thermal stability at temperatures up to 1600 ° C and a smaller subgrain size (∽ 33 nm) than for the ZrO2-7% Y2O3 and HfO2-9%Y2O3 layers.

Thermodynamic Re-Assessment of the Mn-La Binary System

2016 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Chao Fan Zhu ◽  
Shi Dong Lin ◽  
Jiang Wang ◽  
Mao Hua Rong ◽  
Guang Hui Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Calphad Method ◽  
Miscibility Gap ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
Liquid Miscibility Gap

In this work, eleven Mn-La alloys were investigated experimentally by means of thermal analysis. The temperatures of the invariant reactions in the Mn-La binary system were determined. To confirm whether the liquid miscibility gap exists in the Mn-La system, one key alloy (Mn72La28) was prepared and then checked by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Microstructure observation and composition analysis indicated the nonexistence of the liquid miscibility gap. Based on the experimental results obtained in the present work and the critical review of the available experimental data in the published literature, a set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters for the Mn-La system was obtained using the CALPHAD method by thermodynamic optimization of the selected experimental data.

scholarly journals Development Characteristics of Shale Lithofacies in the Longmaxi Formation and their Main Controlling Factors in the Changning Area, South Sichuan Basin, SW China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsong Tang ◽  
Lu Zhou ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Xiucheng Tan ◽  
Gaoxiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Sichuan Basin ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Longmaxi Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lower Silurian ◽  
Longmaxi Shale ◽  
Siliceous Shale

Based on core observations, thin sections, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and seismic data, the lithofacies types in the organic-rich Longmaxi shale (Lower Silurian) in the Changning area of the southern Sichuan Basin were identified. The factors controlling the spatial variations in the shale lithofacies and the influences of the shale lithofacies on shale gas development were also analyzed. Results indicate that there are seven main types of shale lithofacies in the Long11 sub-member of the Longmaxi Formation, including siliceous shale (S-1), mixed siliceous shale (S-2), carbonate-rich siliceous shale (S-3), clay-rich siliceous shale (S-4), carbonate/siliceous shale (M-1), mixed shale (M-2), and argillaceous/siliceous shale (M-4). A vertical transition from the carbonate shale association + mixed shale association at the bottom of the sub-member to a siliceous shale association and mixed shale association + siliceous shale at the top generally appears in the Long11 sub-member. The shale lithofacies of the Long11 sub-member also laterally change from the central depression (low-lying area) to the geomorphic highland in the east and west parts of the Changning area. The spatial variations in shale lithofacies in the Long11 sub-member of the Changning area were mainly controlled by palaeogeomorphology and relative sea level. The geomorphic highland area is dominated by carbonate-rich siliceous shale and mixed siliceous shale, but the depression (low-lying area) is mainly dominated by mixed siliceous shale and argillaceous/carbonate shale.

Identification of acid-insoluble filter-plugging compounds and optimal acid-washing procedures for tubular backpulse pressure filters

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
KEVIN TAYLOR ◽  
RICH ADDERLY ◽  
GAVIN BAXTER
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Sulfamic Acid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gypsum Formation ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Over time, performance of tubular backpulse pressure filters in kraft mills deteriorates, even with regular acid washing. Unscheduled filter replacement due to filter plugging results in significant costs and may result in mill downtime. We identified acid-insoluble filter-plugging materials by scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis in both polypropylene and Gore-Tex™ membrane filter socks. The major filter-plugging components were calcium sulfate (gypsum), calcium phosphate (hydroxylapatite), aluminosilicate clays, metal sulfides, and carbon. We carried out detailed sample analysis of both the standard acid-washing procedure and a modified procedure. Filter plugging by gypsum and metal sulfides appeared to occur because of the acid-washing procedure. Gypsum formation on the filter resulted from significant hydrolysis of sulfamic acid solution at temperatures greater than 130°F. Modification of the acid-washing procedure greatly reduced the amount of gypsum and addition of a surfactant to the acid reduced wash time and mobilized some of the carbon from the filter. With surfactant, acid washing was 95% complete after 40 min.

BETTER UNDERSTANDING THE GEOLOGY OF CENTRAL CUBA THROUGH STREAM SEDIMENT COMPOSITION ANALYSIS USING X-RAY DIFFRACTION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landon Williamson ◽  
◽  
Nicolas Perdrial ◽  
John M. Hughes ◽  
Mae Kate Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stream Sediment ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sediment Composition ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Functional Attributes of Myco-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Endophytic Fungi: A New Implication in Biomedical Applications

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Prabu Kumar Seetharaman ◽  
Rajkuberan Chandrasekaran ◽  
Rajiv Periakaruppan ◽  
Sathishkumar Gnanasekar ◽  
Sivaramakrishnan Sivaperumal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Penicillium Oxalicum ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Size

To develop a benign nanomaterial from biogenic sources, we have attempted to formulate and fabricate silver nanoparticles synthesized from the culture filtrate of an endophytic fungus Penicillium oxalicum strain LA-1 (PoAgNPs). The synthesized PoAgNPs were exclusively characterized through UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The synthesized nanoparticles showed strong absorbance around 430 nm with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and exhibited a face-centered cubic crystalline nature in XRD analysis. Proteins presented in the culture filtrate acted as reducing, capping, and stabilization agents to form PoAgNPs. TEM analysis revealed the generation of polydispersed spherical PoAgNPs with an average size of 52.26 nm. The PoAgNPs showed excellent antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens. The PoAgNPs induced a dose-dependent cytotoxic activity against human adenocarcinoma breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231), and apoptotic morphological changes were observed by dual staining. Additionally, PoAgNPs demonstrated better larvicidal activity against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Moreover, the hemolytic test indicated that the as-synthesized PoAgNPs are a safe and biocompatible nanomaterial with versatile bio-applications.

A study on using expanded perlite with hydroxyapatite: Reinforced bio-composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192199656
Author(s):  
Erdoğan Karip ◽  
Mehtap Muratoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cold Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

People are exposed to different kinds of diseases or various accidents in life. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely employed for bone treatment applications. In this study, HA was extracted from sheep bones. Bio-composites were doped with 1, 5, and 10 wt.% of expanded perlite and 5 wt.% of ZrO2–MgO-P2O5. The bio-composites were prepared by the cold isostatic pressing method (250 MPa) and sintered at 900°C for 1 h. In order to evaluate the characteristics of the bio-composites, microhardness, density, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were carried out on them. Additionally, the specimens whose characteristics were determined were kept in synthetic body fluid (SBF), and their in vitro behavior was examined. As a result, it was observed that microhardness increased as both the weight and the grain size of the expanded perlite were increased. Calcium silicate, tri-calcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite were observed in the XRD analysis of all samples, and the formation of apatite structures was increased by addition of ZrO2–MgO–P2O5.

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