scholarly journals The Use of Tailings to Make Glass as an Alternative for Sustainable Environmental Remediation: The Case of Osor, Catalonia, Spain

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Pura Alfonso ◽  
Oriol Tomasa ◽  
Luis Miguel Domenech ◽  
Maite Garcia-Valles ◽  
Salvador Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Glass Structure ◽  
Glass Production ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Melting Temperatures

Tailings from the Osor fluorite mines release large amounts of potentially toxic elements into the environment. This work is a proposal to remove these waste materials and use them as a raw material in the manufacture of glass. The chemical composition of the tailings was determined by X-ray fluorescence and the mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. Waste materials have SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO contents suitable for a glass production, but Na as NaCO3 has to be added. Two glass formulations, with 80–90% of the residue and 10–20% Na2CO3, have been produced. The crystallization temperatures, obtained by differential thermal analysis, were 875 and 901 °C, and the melting temperatures were 1220 and 1215 °C for the G80-20 and G90-10 glasses, respectively. The transition temperatures of glass were 637 and 628 °C. The crystalline phases formed in the thermal treatment to produce devitrification were nepheline, plagioclase and diopside in the G80-20 glass, and plagioclase and akermanite-gehlenite in the G90-10 glass. The temperatures for the fixed viscosity points, the working temperatures and the coefficient of expansion were obtained. The chemical stability of the glass was tested and results indicate that the potentially toxic elements of the tailings were incorporated into the glass structure.

The Use of Tailings as Raw Materials for Glass Making as an Alternative to Environmental Pollution: The Case of Osor, Catalonia, Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pura Alfonso ◽  
Oriol Tomasa ◽  
Luis Miguel Domenech ◽  
Maite Garcia-Valles ◽  
Salvador Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Structure ◽  
Glass Production ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Melting Temperatures

Tailings from the Osor fluorite mines release large amounts of potentially toxic elements into the environment. This work is a proposal to remove these waste materials and use them as a raw material in the manufacture of glass. The chemical composition of the tailings was determined by X-ray fluorescence and the mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. Waste materials have SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO contents suitable for a glass production but Na has to be added, as NaCO3. Two glass formulations, with 80-90% of the residue and 10-20% Na2CO3, have been produced. The crystallization temperatures, obtained by differential thermal analysis, were 875 and 901 °C and the melting temperatures were 1220 and 1215 °C for the G80-20 and G90-10 glasses, respectively. The transition temperature of glass was of 637 and 628 °C. The crystalline phases formed in the thermal treatment to produce devitrification were nepheline, plagioclase and diopside in the G80-20 glass and plagioclase and akermanite-gehlenite in the G90-10 glass. The temperatures for the fixed viscosity points, the working temperatures and the coefficient of expansion were obtained. The chemical stability of the glass was tested, and results indicate that the potentially toxic elements of the tailings were incorporated into the glass structure.

scholarly journals Kaolin from Acoculco (Puebla, Mexico) as raw material: Mineralogical and thermal characterization

Clay Minerals ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Garcia-Valles ◽  
T. Pi ◽  
P. Alfonso ◽  
C. Canet ◽  
S. Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽  
Ceramics Industry ◽  
Enrichment Process

AbstractThe present study determined the mineralogy and thermal properties of kaolin from Acoculco (Puebla), at the eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and compared it with the nearby deposits of Agua Blanca (Hidalgo) and Huayacocotla (Veracruz). The mineralogy of the kaolins was determined by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Thermal behaviour was studied by differential thermal analysis, dilatometry and hot-stage microscopy. The Acoculco deposit is composed mainly of kaolinite and SiO2minerals. In the case of Agua Blanca and Huayacocotla, alunite is abundant in places and minor anatase is also present locally. The Acoculco kaolins are Fe-poor and relatively rich in some potentially toxic elements (Zr, Sb, Pb). They undergo a relatively small amount of shrinkage (∼3–4 vol.%), during firing at 20–1300°C and cooling down to 20°C, except when >10 wt.% alunite is present. These kaolins are a suitable raw material for the ceramics industry. Other applications (pharmaceuticals, cosmetics) would require an enrichment process to eliminate impurities such as Fe oxides.

Characterization and A Preliminary Study of TiO2 Synthesis from Lampung Iron Sand

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Yayat Iman Supriyatna ◽  
Slamet Sumardi ◽  
Widi Astuti ◽  
Athessia N. Nainggolan ◽  
Ajeng W. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Ti Content

The purpose of this study is to characterize Lampung iron sand and to conduct preliminary experiments on the TiO2 synthesis which can be used for the manufacturing of functional food packaging. The iron sand from South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province that will be utilized as raw material. The experiment was initiated by sieving the iron sand on 80, 100, 150, 200 and 325 mesh sieves. Analysis using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the element content and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to observe the mineralization of the iron sand was conducted. The experiment was carried out through the stages of leaching, precipitation, and calcination. Roasting was applied firstly by putting the iron sand into the muffle furnace for 5 hours at a temperature of 700°C. Followed by leaching using HCl for 48 hours and heated at 105°C with a stirring speed of 300 rpm. The leaching solution was filtered with filtrate and solid residue as products. The solid residue was then leached using 10% H2O2 solution. The leached filtrate was heated at 105°C for 40 minutes resulting TiO2 precipitates (powder). Further, the powder was calcined and characterized. Characterization of raw material using XRF shows the major elements of Fe, Ti, Mg, Si, Al and Ca. The highest Ti content is found in mesh 200 with 9.6%, while iron content is about 80.7%. While from the XRD analysis, it shows five mineral types namely magnetite (Fe3O4), Rhodonite (Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca) SiO3, Quart (SiO2), Ilmenite (FeOTiO2) and Rutile (TiO2). The preliminary experiment showed that the Ti content in the synthesized TiO2 powder is 21.2%. The purity of TiO2 is low due to the presence of Fe metal which is dissolved during leaching, so that prior to precipitation purification is needed to remove impurities such as iron and other metals.

Sedimentary Clays as Geopolymer Precursor

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
F. Mostefa ◽  
Nasr Eddine Bouhamou ◽  
H.A. Mesbah ◽  
Salima Aggoun ◽  
D. Mekhatria
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcination Time ◽  
Calorimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mechanical Performances

This work aims to study the feasibility of making a geopolymer cement based on dredged sediments, from the Fergoug dam (Algeria) and to evaluate their construction potential particularly interesting in the field of special cementitious materials. These sediments due to their mineralogical composition as aluminosilicates; are materials that can be used after heat treatment. Sedimentary clays were characterized before and after calcination by X-ray diffraction, ATG / ATD, spectroscopy (FTIR) and XRF analysis. The calcination was carried out on the raw material sieved at 80 μm for a temperature of 750 ° C, for 3.4 and 5 hours. The reactivity of the calcined products was measured using isothermal calorimetric analysis (DSC) on pastes prepared by mixing an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 8 M in an amount allowing to have a Na / Al ratio close to 1 (1: 1). Also, cubic mortar samples were prepared with a ratio L / S: 0.8, sealed and cured for 24 hours at 60 ° C and then at room temperature until the day they were submited to mechanical testing. to check the extent of geopolymerization. The results obtained allowed to optimize the calcination time of 5 hours for a better reactivity of these sediments, and a concentration of 8M of sodium hydroxide and more suitable to have the best mechanical performances.

X-Ray Diffraction Study of Hep Metals. I. Line Broadening in Polycrystalline Cd Powder

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1771-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Haider ◽  
S. H. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Small Deformation ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fault Probability ◽  
Large Particle Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Powder Cd of 99.999% purity was prepared at room temperature (25 °C) and x-ray diffraction patterns were obtained using CuKaα radiation with Ni-filter. The line broadening was analyzed after incorporating the appropriate correction factors. At room temperature Cd was found to have large particle size (653 A), small root mean square strain (.001), small deformation fault probability a (.003). and negligible growth fault probability β(0). Compared to other hep metals which have been studied earlier and which have higher melting temperatures, metal Cd is much less affected by mechanical deformation at room temperature.

Preliminary Preparation and Characterization Studies of Cellulose from Merbau (Intsia bijuga)

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Nur Amira Mamat Razali ◽  
Fauziah Abdul Aziz ◽  
Saadah Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Characterization Studies ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. The characteristic of hardwood include flowers, endosperm within seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. This paper aims to discuss the preparation and characterization of cellulose obtained from hardwood. The hardwood Merbau (Intsia bijuga) was chosen as raw material in this study. Alkaline treatment and delignification methods were used for the preparation of cellulose. Acid hydrolysis was employed to produce cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). The treated and untreated samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The final product, from both trated and untreated samples were then compared.

Study on Influence of Silicate Morphology Based on pH Value

2012 ◽  
Vol 454 ◽  
pp. 324-328
Author(s):  
Yan He ◽  
Ya Jing Liu ◽  
Yong Lin Cao ◽  
Li Xia Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The Stability

Infra-red absorption spectrometry, X-ray diffraction observations and characterization tests based on silicon molybdenum colorimetric method were used to investigate the optimal pH value controlling the stability of the silicic acid form. The experiment process was done by using sodium silicate as raw material. The results showed that the solution of silicate influenced the polymerization. The active silicic acid solution with a certain degree of polymerization was obtained by controlling the pH values.

Effect of Nickel on Titanium Carbide Synthesized via Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 384-388
Author(s):  
Sharifah Aishah Syed Salim ◽  
Julie Juliewatty Mohamed ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Powder Mixture ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Elemental Powder Mixture ◽  
Scanning Electron

Numerous methods have been used to produce high purity TiC. There is no previous study has been reported on the formation using single elemental powders of Titanium (Ti) and Carbon (C) with addition Nickel (Ni) by tungsten inert gas (TIG) weld method. In this work, TiC was synthesized via TIG method by arc melting elemental powder mixture of Ti and C at ~5 second (s) and 80 ampere (A). The effect Ni contents on TiC formation was investigated. The mixed raw material was ball milled for 24 hours followed by synthesis via TIG method. The arced samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was revealed, that small amount of Ni additive to the metal powder allows the production of dense and tough TiC.

The Effect of Different Methods to Pretreat Reed Pulp on the Crystallinity of Microcrystalline Cellulose

2014 ◽  
Vol 1056 ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Long Zhang ◽  
Wen Long Zhao ◽  
Ya Jie Dai
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Type I ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dimethyl Acetamide ◽  
Crystal Type

Reed Pulp was Raw Material that Pretreated by Four Methods {ultrasonic, Microwave, N, N-Dimethyl Acetamide (DMAc) and Tetrahydrofuran (THF)}. Reed Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) was Prepared by the Dilute Hydrochloric Acid Hydrolysis from Pretreated Reed Pulp. the Influences of Pretreatment Methods on Crystalline Type, Crystallinity and Crystallite Size of MCC were Investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). the Results Showed that the Crystallinity of MCC with Four Pretreatment Methods was 68.45%, 62.28%, 63.21% and 69.56%, Respectively. the Average Crystallite Size of MCC Prepared by Hydrolysis after Pretreated by Dmac was the Largest. whereas, the Crystal Type of MCC was Not Changed, it was still the Cellulose Type I. Comprehensive Analysis Indicated that the Effects of MCC Prepared by Hydrolysis after Pretreated by Ultrasonic were the Best.

Comparison of Mo-10Nb Alloy Target Materials Prepared by Different Techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Gao ◽  
You Jun Lu ◽  
Jun Feng Hou ◽  
Zhen Xia Yuan ◽  
Wen Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alloy Target ◽  
Hot Pressing Sintering ◽  
Sintering Condition ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Mo powder and Nb powder was used as raw material, the Mo-10Nb alloy target was prepared by different sintering condition (non-pressure sintering and hot pressing sintering). The density, phase composition, microstructure and elemental distribution of Mo-10Nb alloy targets were determined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that prepared by hot pressing Mo-10Nb alloy target density of 9.618 g/cm3, grain size 20 ~ 30μm, Mo and Nb element distribution.

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