scholarly journals Removal of Copper from Mining Wastewater Using Natural Raw Material—Comparative Study between the Synthetic and Natural Wastewater Samples

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Sonja Milićević ◽  
Milica Vlahović ◽  
Milan Kragović ◽  
Sanja Martinović ◽  
Vladan Milošević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Copper Removal ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Saturation Point ◽  
Synthetic Solution ◽  
Flow Through

The intent in this paper is to define how the batch equilibrium results of copper removal from a synthetic solution on natural zeolite can be used for prediction of the breakthrough curves in the fixed-bed system for both a synthetic solution and wastewater. Natural zeolite from the Vranjska Banja deposit, Serbia, has been fully characterized (XRD, chemical composition, DTA/TG, SEM/EDS) as a clinoptilolite with cation exchange capacity of 146 meq/100 g. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) in the batch of the mono-component system (synthetic copper solution) obtained using the Langmuir isotherm model was 7.30 and 6.10 mg/g for particle size below 0.043 and 0.6–0.8 mm, respectively. Using the flow-through system with the 0.6–0.8 mm zeolite fixed-bed, almost double the adsorption capacity (11.2–12.2 mg/g) has been achieved in a saturation point for the copper removal from the synthetic solution, compared to the batch. Better results are attributed to the constant high concentration gradient in flow-through systems compared to the batch. The complex composition of wastewater and large amounts of earth alkaline metals disturb free adsorption sights on the zeolite surface. This results in a less effective adsorption in flow-through systems with adsorption capacity in breakthrough point of 5.84 mg/g (~0.95 × qm) and in a saturation point of 7.10 mg/g (~1.15 × qm).

scholarly journals Evaluation of advanced phosphorus removal from slaughterhouse wastewater using industrial waste-based adsorbents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengdan Sun ◽  
Chuanping Feng ◽  
Shuang Tong ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Nan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
P Removal

Abstract Slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) contains high concentration of phosphorus (P) and is considered as a principal industrial contaminant that causes eutrophication. This study developed two kinds of economical P removal adsorbents using flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) as the main raw material and bentonite, clay, steel slag and fly ash as the additives. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent composed of 60% FGDG, 20% steel slag, and 20% fly ash (DSGA2) was found to be 15.85 mg P/g, which was 19 times that of the adsorbent synthesized using 60% FGDG, 30% bentonite, and 10% clay (DSGA1) (0.82 mg P/g). Surface adsorption, internal diffusion, and ionic dissolution co-existed in the P removal process. The adsorption capacity of DSGA2 (2.50 mg P/g) was also evaluated in column experiments. The removal efficiency was determined to be higher than 92% in the first 5 days, while the corresponding effluent concentration was lower than the Chinese upcoming SWW discharge limit of 2 mg P/L. Compared with DSGA1, DSGA2 (synthesized from various industrial wastes) showed obvious advantages in improving adsorption capacity of P. The results showed that DSGA2 is a promising adsorbent for the advanced removal of P from SWW in practical applications.

scholarly journals Adsorption Capacity of Ca2+ by Hydrochloric Acid Activated Kaolin

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012082
Author(s):  
N Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
Diamine Tetraacetate ◽  
Ca Ions ◽  
Time Variations

Abstract A high concentration of calcium ions in water is a problem as it can cause blockages in engine pipes. Adsorption is a relatively cheap and straightforward method that can be used to reduce the calcium ion content in water. Kaolin is a mineral that has a potential as an adsorbent and whose adsorption capacity can be increased by activation. This research studied the adsorption capacity of activated kaolin by hydrochloric acid against Ca2+ ions. Kaolin was chemically activated using 6 M HCl solution for 24 hours. The adsorption contact time in batches was varied with time variations of 30, 90, 150, and 180 minutes. The maximum adsorption capacity of activated kaolin to the Ca2+ was determined by varying the initial concentrations of water samples, namely 4, 7, 10, and 13 mg/L. The concentration of Ca2+ was determined by a titration method using ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA). The results showed that the activation of kaolin with 6 M HCl at the optimum contact time of adsorption, namely 150 minutes, increased the percentage of adsorbed Ca ions to 2 times of that of natural kaolin, from 33.3% to 68.3%. Based on the Langmuir equation, the maximum adsorption capacity of calcium ions by activated kaolin HCl 6 M increased 1.7 times from natural kaolin to 0.346 mg/g.

Study on Biosorption of Uranium by Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces uvarum

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 1155-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Liao ◽  
Chun Long Cui ◽  
Jun Yi
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Uranium Concentration ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Saccharomyces Uvarum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Curve Model ◽  
Optimal Effect

The paper studied the growth law of Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces uvarum, and the interaction between the uranium system and strains in the different concentrations of uranium. The results showed that the B. subtilis almost appeared linear growth when uranium concentration was under the 450 mg/L, and the growth curve of the S.uvarum primarily met the S-growth curve model while uranium concentration was under the 600 mg/L. When the uranium concentration reaching 600 mg/L, the B. subtilis stopped growing, but the S. uvarum grown normally and had no significant difference compared with the control. The adsorption capacity of two strains increased with increasing uranium concentration under the 600 mg/L. While uranium concentration was 450 mg/L, the adsorption rate of two strains reached the maximum value (88.50%). The maximum adsorption capacity of B. subtilis and S. uvarum were 382.86 mgU/g and 113.04 mgU/g, respectively. In the real application, firstly, S. uvarum could be used to decrease the high concentration of uranium, and then B. subtilis was taken for further adsorption to achieve optimal effect of adsorption.

scholarly journals Adsorpsi Asam Humat pada Zeolit Alam yang Dimodifikasi dengan TiO2

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Upita Septiani ◽  
Fiska Julian Tasari ◽  
Zilfa Zilfa
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Silica Alumina

This research modified natural zeolite with TiO2 synthesized by the sol-gel process which was applied as a humic acid adsorbent. The purpose of this study was to coat natural zeolites with TiO2 to increase the adsorption capacity of natural zeolites as humic acid adsorbents. The natural zeolite powders were obtained from Kabupaten Solok, West Sumatra, based on X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis, the ratio of silica/alumina (Si/Al) was 4.35, indicating that natural zeolite was clinoptilolite zeolite. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis showed natural zeolite has a rough surface with closed pores while zeolite coated with TiO2 (zeolite/TiO2) has a homogeneous, smooth surface with open pore. The results of the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that the level of TiO2 was 7.1%, this result showed that TiO2 has been coated on the surface of the zeolite. Natural zeolite and zeolite/TiO2 were applied as humic acid adsorbents. Maximum adsorption capacity of natural zeolites and zeolites/TiO2 were 0.2787 mg/g and 1.199 mg/g, respectively.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Cu(II) ions from synthetic solution by sunflower seed husks

2019 ◽  
pp. 268-277
Author(s):  
Srdjan Stankovic ◽  
Tatjana Sostaric ◽  
Mladen Bugarcic ◽  
Aleksandra Janicijevic ◽  
Katarina Pantovic-Spajic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Synthetic Solution

Annual production of the sunflower seed in Serbia is between 650,000-720,000 tons. Most of this amount is used in vegetable oil industry. Abundant by-products from this processing are sunflower seed husks. Husks are usually incinerated by vegetable oil producers in order to obtain energy, used as an animal feed, or, unfortunately, landed up at some landfills. In order to promote new, added value for this abundant, renewable resource, the investigation presented in this paper was conducted. For that purpose, adsorption of Cu(II) ions from synthetic solution by unmodified sunflower seed husks was examined. ATR-FTIR was used to identify functional groups as potential active sites for Cu(II) sorption. Zeta potential values were determined to reveal the surface charge, while the cation exchange capacity (CEC) was determined to reveal the amount of exchangeable ions on its surface. ATR-FTIR analysis revealed the presence of specific functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, and amine) responsible for removal of Cu(II) ions. The total CEC of sunflower husk is 47.74 meq/100g and Ca(II) and Mg(II) ions are in dominant exchangeable positions. The study of ion-exchange mechanism involvement was done and results confirmed that this mechanism is not the only mechanism which is involved in copper sorption. Also, the results show that the Cu(II) ions have preference for Mg(II) ions substitution. Sorption experiments were conducted in batch system. The effect of operating parameters (pH, contact time, initial concentration of Cu(II) ions and adsorbent dosage) on the adsorption capacity were investigated. The obtained experimental data were fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(II) ions calculated from Langmuir adsorption isotherm was 34.89 mg/g which is 15 to 35% higher than the capacity that other researchers reported previously for the same material and pollutant. These results are suggesting that sunflower seed husks have a potential to be applied as an effective adsorbent of copper ions from contaminated waters.

scholarly journals H-Clinoptilolite as an Efficient and Low-Cost Adsorbent for Batch and Continuous Gallium Removal from Aqueous Solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sáez ◽  
A. Rodríguez ◽  
J. M. Gómez ◽  
C. Paramio ◽  
C. Fraile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Particle Size Effect ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Fixed Bed Column ◽  
Gallium Concentration ◽  
Best Fit

AbstractIn this paper, the gallium (III) ions’ adsorption onto protonated clinoptilolite (H-CLP) was investigated both in batch and fixed-bed column experiments. Regarding batch experiments, the influence of some parameters such as adsorbent dosage, size particle, and temperature was studied, determining that a dosage of 10 g/L for an initial pollutant concentration of 40 mg/L leads to a removal percentage over 85% regardless of particle size and temperature. On the other hand, adsorption of gallium onto H-CPL is an endothermic and spontaneous process in the studied temperature range, concluding that the maximum adsorption capacity was 16 mg/g for 60 °C. Concerning to the effect of the presence of other cations in solution, such as Na+, K+, or Ca2+, gallium adsorption capacity only drops by 20%, although the initial concentration of other cations in the solution is 50 times higher than gallium concentration. This means that clinoptilolite has a high affinity for gallium which can be very favorable for further selectivity tests. A crucial factor for this high selectivity could be the protonation of clinoptilolite which allows working without modifying the pH of the aqueous solution with acid. In the fixed-bed experiments, breakthrough curves were obtained, and the effect of operation variables was determined. A breakpoint value of 254 min for 64 g of adsorbent and flow rate of 9.0 mL/min (7.0 BV/h) were obtained, when treating a pollutant volume of 33 BV. Additionally, the breakthrough curves were fitted to different models to study the particle size effect, being the best fit corresponding to the Adams–Bohart model. This fact confirmed the influence of particle size on adsorption kinetics. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Radiation Synthesis of Pentaethylene Hexamine Functionalized Cotton Linter for Effective Removal of Phosphate: Batch and Dynamic Flow Mode Studies

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jifu Du ◽  
Zhen Dong ◽  
Zhiyuan Lin ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Long Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Column Experiment ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Cotton Linter ◽  
Ring Opening Reaction ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Epoxy Groups

A quaternized cotton linter fiber (QCLF) based adsorbent for removal of phosphate was prepared by grafting glycidyl methacrylate onto cotton linter and subsequent ring-opening reaction of epoxy groups and further quaternization. The adsorption behavior of the QCLF for phosphate was evaluated in a batch and column experiment. The batch experiment demonstrated that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with an R2 value of 0.9967, and the Langmuir model with R2 value of 0.9952. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity reached 152.44 mg/g. The experimental data of the fixed-bed column were well fitted with the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models, and the adsorption capacity of phosphate at 100 mg/L and flow rate 1 mL/min reached 141.58 mg/g. The saturated QCLF could be regenerated by eluting with 1 M HCl.

scholarly journals Potential Application of Chilean Natural Zeolite as a Support Medium in Treatment Wetlands for Removing Ammonium and Phosphate from Wastewater

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Vera-Puerto ◽  
Matias Saravia ◽  
Jorge Olave ◽  
Carlos Arias ◽  
Erica Alarcon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Support Medium ◽  
New Material

This study aims to evaluate the sorption characteristics of NH 4 + -N and PO 4 3 − -P onto the surface of natural zeolites coming from Chile and their potential application in the subsurface-flow treatment wetlands for wastewater treatment in rural areas. For this purpose, adsorption experiments onto the zeolite were developed in batch assays. The effects of the adsorbent quantity (20 g and 50 g) and particle size (0.2–1.0 mm; 1.5–3.0 mm, and 5.0–8.0 mm) were evaluated in terms of adsorption capacity at different NH4+-N and PO4−3-P concentrations. Then, the obtained laboratory results were adjusted to theoretical models: Saturation-growth-rate and Langmuir. The saturation adsorption of NH4+-N on the zeolite increases at the same time that the initial concentration increases for the same zeolite quantity; however, the saturation values were similar between the different zeolite sizes tested. For PO4−3-P, the adsorption did not have a direct relationship with the initial concentration nor zeolite quantity and better results were only achieved for zeolite sizes of 1.5–3.0 mm. Regarding the Langmuir model, sizes of 1.5–3.0 mm had the best adsorption characteristics, with the maximum adsorption capacity of up to 1.58 mg/g for NH4+-N and up to 0.08 mg/g for PO4−3-P. Therefore, a new material—a natural zeolite from the Maule Region of Chile—is described as a potential support medium for treatment wetlands.

Removal of hydrogen sulfide using palygorskite in a fixed bed adsorber

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1794-1798
Author(s):  
T. Higuchi ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
M. Sekine ◽  
T. Imai ◽  
K. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
H2s Adsorption ◽  
Silicate Clay ◽  
Efficient Adsorbent ◽  
Aluminium Silicate

This work describes the use of a novel palygorskite, a type of magnesium aluminium silicate clay possessing a high specific surface area and pore surface activity, as a low cost and highly efficient adsorbent for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal. Adsorption of H2S on palygorskite pretreated with acid or base was investigated in a fixed bed adsorber. The samples after base pretreatment had better dynamic adsorption performances than raw material and samples pretreated with acid. The H2S adsorption capacity decreased with an increase in inlet H2S concentration. This can be interpreted by the fact that H2S adsorption on the surface of palygorskite is chemisorption. The adsorption capacity increased from 25 to 50 °C, then decreased from 50 to 100 °C, which indicates that chemisorption took place and its better reaction temperature was around 50 °C.

scholarly journals Adsorption and Photocatalytic Properties of Modified Rectorite-Titanium Dioxide Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 03074
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Du ◽  
Xinjun Li ◽  
Ying Fu ◽  
Linlin Zheng ◽  
Xing Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Photocatalytic Properties ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Endothermic Process

Using rectorite as raw material, REC is modified by nitric acid, TiO2 is attached to the surface of the acidized modified REC tablet to form modified REC-TiO2 composite materials by the sol-gel method, and its adsorption performance and photocatalytic properties were studied. The results show that the adsorption of REC, modified REC, modified REC-TiO2 composite materialtoporads to methylene blue increased with the increase of equilibrium concentration. The process of adsorption MB of modified REC-TiO2 composite materials is an endothermic process. The adsorption of REC, modified REC, modified REC-TiO2 composite materials to MB increased with the increase of temperature. When the temperature is 25 degree, the maximum adsorption capacity of REC is 93.985 mg/g, the maximum adsorption capacity of modified REC is 107.006 mg/g, and the maximum adsorption capacity of modified REC-TiO2 is 120.773 mg/g. The degradation rate of MB and p-nitrophenol by modified REC-TiO2 composite under illumination are 99% and 98%, respectively. The decontamination rate of MB and 4-NP of modified REC-TiO2 composites under darkness was 50% and 0.8%, respectively. Under light conditions, the degradation rate of MB and 4-NP in modified REC-TiO2 composite materials is improved.

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