scholarly journals Composition and Technological Properties of Clays for Structural Ceramics in Limpopo (South Africa)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Lawrence Diko-Makia ◽  
Rofhiwa Ligege
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Structural Ceramics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clayey Silt ◽  
Firing Techniques ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study evaluated the potential of raw clays from the Mukondeni region for structural ceramics and pottery based on traditional firing techniques. Physical properties were identified by particle size distribution, consistency limits, and clay activity. Mineralogical and chemical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Extruded clay bodies were fired at 900 °C. Technological characteristics were measured by weight loss (WL), bulk density (BD), dry linear shrinkage (DLS), fired linear shrinkage (FLS), water absorption (WA), and flexural strength (FS). The clays were low in <2 µm fractions (≤19%) and of medium to high plasticity with a clayey silt texture. Smectite was the dominant clay mineral while quartz and feldspar were major non clay minerals. The most abundant oxides were SiO2 (63.57–68.73%), Al2O3 (13.9–15.61%), and Fe2O3 (4.86–6.18%), whereas K2O, CaO, MgO, Na2O, TiO2, and P2O5 were depleted. Characterization based on the clay workability chart, Winkler’s diagram, and compositional ternary diagrams revealed acceptable extrusion properties and suitability for structural ceramics and earthenware. The clays showed acceptable WL, BD, LS, and WA, but unsatisfactory FS (≤1.08 MPa). Low mechanical strength was attributed to presence of smectites and inert nature of feldspar at 900 °C. Beneficiation through mixing with carbonate-rich raw materials is recommended.

Glass-Ceramics Obtained from Sewage Sludge and its Characteristics Affected by Alkalinity

2014 ◽  
Vol 937 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Di Wu ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Xing Wang Wen ◽  
Hui Ling Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Sewage sludge was tested as component for producing glass-ceramics with the addition of analytic reagent CaO to solve the sewage sludge disposal problems. The effect of alkalinity (Ak=mCaO/mSiO2) on the characteristics of the glass-ceramics was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate thermal behavior and crystalline phase of the samples. It was found that the degree and characteristics of crystals in vitrified sludge significantly correlate to the alkalinity of the raw materials. The glass-ceramics with Ak = 0.36 possessed the best physical and chemical properties.

scholarly journals Mechanochemical synthesis of adsorbents based on silicon oxycarbide composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
I.S. Grishin ◽  
N.N. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Initial Mixture ◽  
Silicon Oxycarbide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fluoride Ions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In the work, an attempt was made to mechanochemically synthesize silicon oxycarbide composites from activated carbon and silica. Structure of the composites was studied using powder X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. Formation of silicon oxycarbides was confirmed by presence of Si-O-C bond. Influence of the raw materials ratio on structural and chemical properties of resulting composites was revealed. With an increase of silica share in the initial mixture, a decrease in specific surface area and pore volume was noted, as well as an increase of the concentration of surface functional groups. Samples of the composites were tested in processes of sorption of methyl orange and fluoride ions. It was established that adsorption capacity for methyl orange decreased, while that for fluoride ions significantly increased comparing to activated carbon.

scholarly journals Eco-Compatible Construction Materials Containing Ceramic Sludge and Packaging Glass Cullet

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3545
Author(s):  
Fernanda Andreola ◽  
Isabella Lancellotti ◽  
Paolo Pozzi ◽  
Luisa Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Glass Cullet ◽  
Commercial Glass ◽  
Packaging Glass ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This research reports results of eco-compatible building material obtained without natural raw materials. A mixture of sludge from a ceramic wastewater treatment plant and glass cullet from the urban collection was used to obtain high sintered products suitable to be used as covering floor/wall tiles in buildings. The fired samples were tested by water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent density, and mechanical and chemical properties. Satisfactory results were achieved from densification properties and SEM/XRD analyses showed a compact polycrystalline microstructure with albite and wollastonite embedded in the glassy phase, similar to other commercial glass-ceramics. Besides, the products were obtained with a reduction of 200 °C with respect to the firing temperatures of commercial ones. Additionally, the realized materials were undergone to leaching test following Italian regulation to evaluate the mobility of hazardous ions present into the sludge. The data obtained verified that after thermal treatment the heavy metals were immobilized into the ceramic matrix without further environmental impact for the product use. The results of the research confirm that this valorization of matter using only residues produces glass ceramics high sintered suitable to be used as tile with technological properties similar or higher than commercial ones.

Monitoring of Fluctuations in the Physical and Chemical Properties of a High-Calcium Fly Ash

1987 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Schlorholtz ◽  
Ken Bergeson ◽  
Turgut Demirel
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACTThe physical and chemical properties of fly ash produced at Ottumwa Generating Station have been monitored since April, 1985. The fly ash is produced from burning a low sulfur, sub-bituminous coal obtained from the Powder River Basin near Gillette, Wyoming. One-hundred and sixty samples of fly ash were obtained during the two year period. All of the samples were subjected to physical testing as specified by ASTM C 311. About one-hundred of the samples were also subjected to a series of tests designed to monitor the self-cementing properties of the fly ash. Many of the fly ash samples were subjected to x-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis to define the mineralogical and chemical composition of the bulk fly ash as a function of sampling date. Hydration products in selected hardened fly ash pastes, were studied by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The studies indicated that power plant operating conditions influenced the compressive strength of the fly ash paste specimens. Mineralogical and morphological studies of the fly ash pastes indicated that stratlingite formation occurred in the highstrength specimens, while ettringite was the major hydration product evident in the low-strength specimens.

Characterization of Shivirtui Zeolite Modified with Aluminum Oxyhydroxide Nanofibers

2019 ◽  
Vol 942 ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Yulia Murashkina ◽  
Olga B. Nazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Oxyhydroxide

Natural zeolite of Shivirtui deposit (Russia) was modified with nanofibers of aluminum oxyhydroxide AlOOH. Aluminum oxyhydroxide nanofibers were produced at the heating and oxidation of aluminum powder with water. The properties of modified zeolite were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that water content in the modified sample of zeolite was about 15 %. Based on the study of the physical and chemical properties, shivirtui zeolite modified with nanofibers of aluminum oxyhydroxide can be proposed for use as a flame-retardant additive to polymers.

Bioceramic Production from Giant Purple Barnacle (Megabalanus tintinnabulum)

2014 ◽  
Vol 631 ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.N. Oktar ◽  
H. Gokce ◽  
O. Gunduz ◽  
Y.M. Sahin ◽  
D. Agaogullari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Powders ◽  
Simple Economic ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In this study the structural and chemical properties of barnacle shell based bioceramic materials (i.e. hydroxyapatite, whitlockite, monetite and other phases) were produced by using mechano-chemical (hot-plate) conversion method. Cleaned barnacle shells were ball milled down to <75µm in diameter. Differential thermal and gravimetric analyses (DTA/TGA) were performed to determine the exact CaCO3 content. Sample batches of 2g were prepared from the fine powders produced. For each batch, the required volume of an aqueous H3PO4 solution was calculated in order to set the stoichiometric molar ratio of Ca/P equal to 1.5 for ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) or to 1.667 for hydroxyapatite (HA). The temperature was set to 80°C for 15 minutes to complete the process. After the titration of the equivalent amount of H3PO4 into the prepared solution, agitation was carried out on a hot-plate (i.e. mechano-chemical processing) for 8 hours. The sediments formed were dried and the resulting TCP and HA powders were calcined at 400°C and 800°C respectively. For complete characterization of the bioceramics produced, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were carried out. The current study proposes a simple, economic and time efficient method for nano-bioceramic production.

Preparation and Evaluation of Nano-Hydroxyapatite/β-Tricalcium Phosphate/Chitosan Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 463-466
Author(s):  
T. Lin ◽  
S.M. Zhang ◽  
J. Li ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
Y.H. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Chitosan Composite ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The composite scaffolds with nine different ratios of nano-HA and ß-TCP content were fabricated by using lyophilization method. Their microscopy, physical and chemical properties were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. MTT test was applied to quantitatively assess the number of viable cells attached and grown on the scaffolds. And the result showed that the amount of cells on the scaffold containing 30% by mass of nano-HA was significantly higher than the other samples.

Physical and Chemical Properties of Mineral in Soils of Cassava Cropping Area: A Case Study in Chonburi Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 440-443
Author(s):  
W. Siriprom ◽  
K. Teanchai ◽  
S. Kongsriprapan ◽  
J. Kaewkhao ◽  
N. Sangwaranatee
Keyword(s):  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The chemical and physical properties of topsoil and subsoil which collected from the cassava cropping area in Chonburi Province have been investigated. The characterization of both soil sample were used X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) while FTIR used to confirmed the formation of intermolecular bonding and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) used for investigated the crystalline. It was found that, the XRD pattern indicated quartz phase. The chemical composition by XRF reported that the soils samples consist of Si, Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Ti, Cr, Zn, Ag and Cu. and TGA results, noticed that the removal of moisture and organics material.

scholarly journals Change of physical and chemical properties clinoptilolite after mechanical activation

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Anastasiya G Bebiya ◽  
Pavel Y Gulyaev ◽  
Irina V Milyukova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sorption Ability ◽  
Maximum Sorption ◽  
Activation Times ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Presents experimental data depending on the specific surface area and sorption properties of the clinoptilolite powder mechanical activation times. Carried out X-ray diffraction and spec-troscopic analysis of mechanically activated zeolite. Find the optimal time and mechanical activation modes which relate the maximum sorption ability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document