scholarly journals Spatial Macroscale Variability of the Role of Mineral Matter in Concentrating Some Trace Elements in Bituminous Coal in a Coal Basin—A Case Study from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Henryk R. Parzentny
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin ◽  
Mode Of Occurrence ◽  
The Difference

As there are numerous claims that the mode of occurrence of trace elements in coal influences the quality of the substrates as well as the course and results of the coal preparation processes, it is necessary to analyse the differences in the mode of occurrence of the elements in coal within a coal basin or a coal deposit. With the use of concentration distribution functions and the Pearson correlation coefficient, it was concluded that (1) mineral matter plays a significant and nearly constant or constant role in concentrating V, Cr, Co, As, Rb, Sr, Ba, and Pb in coal; (2) organic matter plays a stable role in concentrating Sn; and (3) there are significant differences in the role of organic and mineral matter in concentrating Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, and Sb in coal throughout the USCB (Upper Silesian Coal Basin). Moreover, there was observed a difference in the mode of occurrence of Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Sn, and Sb in coal in the vertical profile of the USCB. At the same time, there were observed no differences and a stable significant role of mineral matter in concentrating V, As, Rb, Sr, Ba, and Pb in coal, while the role of the petrographic groups of the coal components in concentrating the elements in raw coal was differentiated. It is believed that the difference in the mode of occurrence of the trace elements in coal within coal seams and coal deposits is a geochemical regularity.

scholarly journals The Role of Mineral Matter in Concentrating Uranium and Thorium in Coal and Combustion Residues from Power Plants in Poland

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk R. Parzentny ◽  
Leokadia Róg
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin

Based on the results of tests on feed coal from the Lublin Coal and Upper Silesian Coal Basin and its fly ash and slag carried out using X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analysis, atomic emission spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, it was found that in feeds, coal Th is associated with phosphates and U with mineral matter. The highest Th content was found in anhedral grains of monazite and in Al-Si porous particles of fly ash of <0.05 mm size; whereas in the slag, Th is concentrated in the massive Al-Si grains and in ferrospheres. U is mainly concentrated in the Al-Si surface of porous grains, which form a part of fly ash of <0.05 mm size. In the slag, U is to be found in the Al-Si massive grains or in a dispersed form in non-magnetic and magnetic grains. Groups of mineral phase particles have been identified that have the greatest impact on the content of Th and U in whole fly ash and slag. The research results contained in this article may be important for predicting the efficiency of Th and U leaching from furnace waste storage sites and from falling dusts to soils and waters.

scholarly journals Study of microstructure, maceral and mineral matter in two different coals of the Nepal Himalaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Bhupati Neupane ◽  
Bishow Raj Silwal
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Nepal Himalaya ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Mode Of Occurrence ◽  
Cavity Filling ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
Different Origins

The Eocene coals from the western (Tosh coalfield) and central regions (Jhadewa coalfield) of the Nepal Himalaya have been studied under the petrological and the Scanning Electron Microscopes to explain the mode of occurrence of mineral matter and their microstructural relations with organic constituents. As shown by the results of the coal samples, three kinds of coals in diminishing abundance are moderately dull coal, moderately bright coal and bright coal. Distribution of mineral matter in the Eocene coals shows that the bright coal is rare in western Nepal and the moderately bright coal is abundant in central Nepal. Mineral matter in moderately dull coals contains superficial impregnating and cavity filling. Mineral matter in bright coals contains superficial mounting and pore fillings, but in moderately bright coals contains superficial impregnating, cavity filling, and intimate intergrowth. Mineral matters in moderately dull coals, moderately bright coals and bright coals respectively range from 38.27 to 47.12 vol%, 12.31 and 15.73 vol%, and 12.31 and 15.73 vol%. The Jhadewa coalfield (central Nepal) contains more macerels than the Tosh coalfield (western Nepal), whereas the Tosh coalfield contains more mineral matter than the Jhadewa coalfield. The results indicate two different origins for coal deposits from two different regions.

scholarly journals Chemometric Study of Trace Elements in Hard Coals of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Smoliński ◽  
Przemysław Rompalski ◽  
Krzysztof Cybulski ◽  
Jarosław Chećko ◽  
Natalia Howaniec
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Coal Processing ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The objective of the study was the analysis of trace elements contents in coals of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB), which may pose a potential threat to the environment when emitted from coal processing systems. Productive carbon overburden in central and southern zones of the USCB is composed mostly of insulating tertiary formations of a thickness from a few m to 1,100 m, and is represented by Miocene and Pliocene formations. In the data study the geological conditions of the coal seams of particular zones of the USCB were taken into account and the hierarchical clustering analysis was applied, which enabled the exploration of the dissimilarities between coal samples of various zones of the USCB in terms of basic physical and chemical parameters and trace elements contents. Coals of the northern and eastern zones of the USCB are characterized by high average Hg and low average Ba, Cr, and Ni contents, whereas coals of southern and western zones are unique due to high average concentrations of Ba, Co, Cu, Ni, and V. Coals of the central part of the USCB are characterized by the highest average concentration of Mn and the lowest average concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, V, and Zn.

scholarly journals Assessment of Possible Application of Geochemistry to Distinguish Limnic and Paralic Coal-Bearing Parts of the Carboniferous in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-730
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kokowska-Pawłowska ◽  
Ewa Krzeszowska
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Sedimentary Rock ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractThe paper presents the results of geochemical analyses of samples from the Poruba Beds of the paralic series and from the Zaleskie Beds of the limnic series Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB). The contents of the following trace elements and oxides were evaluated using spectrometric method: Cr, Th, U, V, AL2O3, MgO, K2O, P2O5. The following indicators, most commonly used in chemostratigraphy and in the identification of the marine and non-marine sediments ratios, were analyzed: U, Th, Th/U, K2O, Th/K2O, P2O5, Al2O3, P2O5/ Al2O3, V, Cr, V/Cr, and (K2O/Al2O3) / (MgO/Al2O3). The research showed that those ratios may be used to identify sedimentary environments and geochemical correlations of the sedimentary rock sequences in the USCB. Geochemical ratios discussed in the paper allowed distinguishing two populations of samples representing paralic and limnic series.

scholarly journals Degree of Faulting of Hard Coal Deposits of Upper Silesian Coal Basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-112
Author(s):  
Marek Marcisz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Density ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin

Abstract The paper presents the results of research on the degree of faulting of deposits/mining areas of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin having been carried out since the 1970s. The results of these works are comprised of an analysis of the density of faults and an of the faulting index for 26 deposits/mining areas in the borders of the USCB. The statistical presentation of the problem includes three main parameters that characterize the tectonic complication of hard coal deposits in the borders of mining areas: lineal density GUL, surface density GUP and synthetic faulting index WU. The comparison of values of these parameters for particular deposits/mining areas was used for drawing up maps of their changes, whereas the results of the obtained view of variability have been interpolated and extrapolated to the borders of the entire basin. The results of the research showed that the values of GUL vary between 0.2 and 9.4 of faults/ m·10-3 and for all four analyzed directions: W-E, N-W, NW-SE i NE-SW, indicate a significant growing tendency in the following directions: N and NW and in SW. According to an analysis of GUP, it was stated that the largest part of the study area is occupied by the area in which there are no faults and the percentage of surface with GUP > 300 m/m2·10-4 is insignificant and does not have an essential influence on the rate and value of the faulting index. WU varies between 1.4 and 131.4 m/m2·10-4 (average for USCB: WU = 52.1 m/m2·10-4) and indicates a significant increasing tendency in the directions: N and NW as well as in the direction of SW. This determines the occurrence of USCB deposits of extreme different grade of tectonic complication in the borders: from not complicated (I grade) to very strongly complicated (VI grade).

scholarly journals Sulphides in Hard Coal Seams from the Orzesze Beds s.s. of Mudstone Series (Westphalian B) in the Eastern Part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Barbara Bielowicz ◽  
Jacek Misiak
Keyword(s):  
Hard Coal ◽  
Titanium Oxides ◽  
Iron Sulfides ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Framboidal Pyrite ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin ◽  
Iron Sulphides ◽  
Sulfur In Coal

Abstract Due to dynamic climatic changes resulting, among others, from the use of coal, the content of harmful substances in coal is of particular importance. Dangerous air pollution resulting from the burning of coal (e.g. As, Se, Hg, Pb, Sb) is often associated with sulfide minerals in coal. The study focused on the sulphides occurring in Polish hard coal deposits. Sulfides are one of the forms of occurrence of sulfur in coal. In this paper, an emphasis has been placed on on the characteristics of forms of occurrence of sulphides on both macroscopic and microscopic scale and on the chemical analysis in the micro area. The study has been conducted for the No. 301–308 seams from the eastern part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, stratigraphically belonging to the highest part of the Orzesze Beds s.s. (Westphalian B). The coal samples have been collected from the coal seams in the underground excavations of the following coal mines: Jan Kanty, Sobieski Jaworzno I, Wesoła and Ziemowit hard coal mine. Iron sulfides (pyrite, marcasite) in coal seams of the Orzesze Beds s.s. form various forms of macroscopically visible aggregates. These include massive, vein, pocket-like (impregnation) or dispersed forms. On the basis of microscopic observations, the following forms of occurence of iron sulphides in the tested coal have been determined: skeletal and massive vein forms, massive pocket-like (impregnation) forms, framboidal pyrite and euhedral crystals. The most common form of sulfides in the studied coal seams are vein forms cutting across bedding, usually creating complex dendritic and skeletal forms. Iron sulfides often occur in pocket-like (impregnation) forms, not directly linked with vein forms and fusinite. The WDS analysis in the micro area has revealed the chemical composition of sulfides in eight coal samples. As follows from the analysis, the tested coal seams are dominated by FeS2 iron sulfides. It has been shown that the iron sulfides contained small admixtures of Pb, Hg, Zn, Cu, Ag, Co Sb and Ni. The admixtures of As and Cd have been observed only in individual minerals. Lead, reaching up to 1.06%, has the highest concentration out of all admixtures in pyrite and marcasite. Small amounts of galena, titanium oxides (rutile), monazite and barite have also been found in the tested coal samples. Locally, vein forms, pyrite and dolomite were interlaying each other; the same applies to pyrite and apatite. In addition, dolomite fills part of the cells in fusinite.

The role of differential phase contrast in electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
E.M. Waddell ◽  
J.N. Chapman ◽  
R.P. Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Position Vector ◽  
Differential Phase ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Differential Phase Contrast ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Position ◽  
First Moment

Dekkers and de Lang (1977) have discussed a practical method of realising differential phase contrast in a STEM. The method involves taking the difference signal from two semi-circular detectors placed symmetrically about the optic axis and subtending the same angle (2α) at the specimen as that of the cone of illumination. Such a system, or an obvious generalisation of it, namely a quadrant detector, has the characteristic of responding to the gradient of the phase of the specimen transmittance. In this paper we shall compare the performance of this type of system with that of a first moment detector (Waddell et al.1977).For a first moment detector the response function R(k) is of the form R(k) = ck where c is a constant, k is a position vector in the detector plane and the vector nature of R(k)indicates that two signals are produced. This type of system would produce an image signal given bywhere the specimen transmittance is given by a (r) exp (iϕ (r), r is a position vector in object space, ro the position of the probe, ⊛ represents a convolution integral and it has been assumed that we have a coherent probe, with a complex disturbance of the form b(r-ro) exp (iζ (r-ro)). Thus the image signal for a pure phase object imaged in a STEM using a first moment detector is b2 ⊛ ▽ø. Note that this puts no restrictions on the magnitude of the variation of the phase function, but does assume an infinite detector.

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