scholarly journals Stability of a Petroleum-Like Hydrocarbon Mixture at Thermobaric Conditions That Correspond to Depths of 50 km

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Serovaiskii ◽  
Leonid Dubrovinky ◽  
Vladimir Kutcherov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Hydrocarbon Mixture ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Main Zone ◽  
Hydrocarbon System ◽  
Thermobaric Conditions ◽  
Redox Stability ◽  
Oil Deposits ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The commercial discovery of giant crude oil deposits at depths deeper than 10 km in various petroleum basins worldwide casts doubt on the validity of the theoretical calculations that have determined that the main zone of petroleum formation is at depths of 6–8 km (the ‘oil window’). However, the behavior of complex hydrocarbon systems at thermobaric conditions, which correspond to depths below 6–8 km, is poorly known. We experimentally investigated the thermal stability of a complex hydrocarbon system at the pressure-temperature conditions of Earth’s lower crust by means of Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopies. Our results demonstrated the chemical stability of the complex hydrocarbon system at thermobaric conditions corresponding to depths of 50 km, including the redox stability of the hydrocarbon system in a highly oxidative environment. The results of these experiments allowed us to revise the depth range in which petroleum deposits could occur.

scholarly journals Investigation and Improvement of Thermal Stability of a Chromatic Confocal Probe with a Mode-Locked Femtosecond Laser Source

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Sato ◽  
Yuki Shimizu ◽  
Chong Chen ◽  
Hiraku Matsukuma ◽  
Wei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Thermal Instability ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Profile Measurement ◽  
Chromatic Confocal Probe ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

An intentional investigation on the thermal stability of a mode-locked femtosecond laser chromatic confocal probe, which is a critical issue for the probe to be applied for long-term displacement measurement or surface profile measurement requiring long-time scanning, is carried out. At first, the thermal instability of the first prototype measurement setup is evaluated in experiments where the existence of a considerably large thermal instability is confirmed. Then the possible reasons for the thermal instability of the measurement setup are analyzed quantitatively, such as the thermal instability of the refractive index of the confocal lens and the thermal expansion of mechanical jigs employed in the probe. It is verified that most of the thermal instability of the measurement setup is caused by the thermal expansion of mechanical jigs in the probe. For the improvement of the thermal stability of the probe, it is necessary to employ a low thermal expansion material for the mechanical jigs in the measurement setup and to shorten the optical path length of the laser beam. Based on the analysis result, a second prototype probe is newly designed and constructed. The improved thermal stability of the second prototype probe is verified through theoretical calculations and experiments.

scholarly journals Protein thermal stabilization in aqueous solutions of osmolytes.

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Bruździak ◽  
Aneta Panuszko ◽  
Muriel Jourdan ◽  
Janusz Stangret
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Thermal Stabilization ◽  
Protein Stabilization ◽  
Hen Egg White Lysozyme ◽  
Egg White Lysozyme ◽  
Hen Egg White ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Distinctive Role

Proteins' thermal stabilization is a significant problem in various biomedical, biotechnological, and technological applications. We investigated thermal stability of hen egg white lysozyme in aqueous solutions of the following stabilizing osmolytes: Glycine (GLY), N-methylglycine (NMG), N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG), N,N,N-trimethylglycine (TMG), and trimethyl-N-oxide (TMAO). Results of CD-UV spectroscopic investigation were compared with FTIR hydration studies' results. Selected osmolytes increased lysozyme's thermal stability in the following order: Gly>NMG>TMAO≈DMG>TMG. Theoretical calculations (DFT) showed clearly that osmolytes' amino group protons and water molecules interacting with them played a distinctive role in protein thermal stabilization. The results brought us a step closer to the exact mechanism of protein stabilization by osmolytes.

scholarly journals Formation of complex hydrocarbon systems from methane at the upper mantle thermobaric conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Serovaiskii ◽  
Vladimir Kutcherov
Keyword(s):  
Upper Mantle ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Hydrocarbon Mixture ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Product Systems ◽  
Thermobaric Conditions ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Hydrocarbons Synthesis

AbstractThe existence of methane in the Earth’s mantle does not cause any doubt, however, its possible chemical transformation under the mantle thermobaric conditions is not enough known. Investigation of methane at the upper mantle thermobaric conditions, using diamond anvil cells, demonstrated the possible formation of ethane, propane and n-butane from methane, however, theoretical calculations of methane behaviour at extreme temperature and pressure predicted also heavier hydrocarbons. We experimentally investigated the chemical transformations of methane at the upper mantle thermobaric conditions, corresponding to the depth of 70–80 km (850–1000 K, 2.5 GPa), using “Toroid”-type Large reactive volume device and gas chromatography. The experimental results demonstrated the formation of the complex hydrocarbon mixture up to C7 with linear, branched and cycled structures and benzene. Unsaturated hydrocarbons were detected on the trace level in the products mixture. The increasing of exposure time leaded to growth of heavier components in the product systems. The data obtained suggest possible existence of complex hydrocarbon mixtures at the upper mantle thermobaric conditions and provide a new insight on the possible pathways of the hydrocarbons synthesis from methane in the upper mantle.

The Ordered Phase Formation in Ti-Al-Ga Alloys

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
Shiro Fujishiro ◽  
Harold L. Gegel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Alpha Titanium ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Ordered-alpha titanium alloys having a DO19 type structure have good potential for high temperature (600°C) applications, due to the thermal stability of the ordered phase and the inherent resistance to recrystallization of these alloys. Five different Ti-Al-Ga alloys consisting of equal atomic percents of aluminum and gallium solute additions up to the stoichiometric composition, Ti3(Al, Ga), were used to study the growth kinetics of the ordered phase and the nature of its interface.The alloys were homogenized in the beta region in a vacuum of about 5×10-7 torr, furnace cooled; reheated in air to 50°C below the alpha transus for hot working. The alloys were subsequently acid cleaned, annealed in vacuo, and cold rolled to about. 050 inch prior to additional homogenization

Microstructure studies of tungsten silicide schottky contacts on Gaas

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Yih-Cheng Shih ◽  
E. L. Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Schottky Contact ◽  
Schottky Contacts ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Barrier Heights ◽  
Gaas Substrates ◽  
Film Adhesion ◽  
Threshold Voltages ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Tungsten silicides (WSix) have been successfully used as the gate materials in self-aligned GaAs metal-semiconductor-field- effect transistors (MESFET). Thermal stability of the WSix/GaAs Schottky contact is of major concern since the n+ implanted source/drain regions must be annealed at high temperatures (∼ 800°C). WSi0.6 was considered the best composition to achieve good device performance due to its low stress and excellent thermal stability of the WSix/GaAs interface. The film adhesion and the uniformity in barrier heights and ideality factors of the WSi0.6 films have been improved by depositing a thin layer of pure W as the first layer on GaAs prior to WSi0.6 deposition. Recently WSi0.1 has been used successfully as the gate material in 1x10 μm GaAs FET's on the GaAs substrates which were sputter-cleaned prior to deposition. These GaAs FET's exhibited uniform threshold voltages across a 51 mm wafer with good film adhesion after annealing at 800°C for 10 min.

Thermal stability of Al-Cu-Fe icosahedral alloys

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 1823-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bessière ◽  
A. Quivy ◽  
S. Lefebvre ◽  
J. Devaud-Rzepski ◽  
Y. Calvayrac
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Practical criteria for the thermal stability of a unidimensional superconductor

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-657
Author(s):  
B. Bonzi ◽  
M. El Khomssi ◽  
H. Lanchon-Ducauquis
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Time and thermal stability of magnetic properties of amorphous Fe80TM3B17 alloys

1998 ◽  
Vol 08 (PR2) ◽  
pp. Pr2-63-Pr2-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Varga ◽  
P. Vojtaník ◽  
A. Lovas
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Thermal stability of organic-inorganic nanocomposites based on system of dimethacrylate-tetraethoxysilane and their kinetic features

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
G.I. Khovanets’ ◽  
◽  
O.Y. Makido ◽  
V.V. Kochubey ◽  
Y.G. Medvedevskikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Inorganic Nanocomposites ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Kinetic Features
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document