scholarly journals Analysis of the Distribution of Some Potentially Harmful Elements (PHEs) in the Krugersdorp Game Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Michael Shapi ◽  
Maryam Amra Jordaan ◽  
Devandren Subramoney Nadasan ◽  
Theophilus C. Davies ◽  
Emmanuel Chirenje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Form Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Potentially Harmful Elements ◽  
Game Reserve ◽  
The Mean

The Mintails Mogale Gold (MMG) and the Rand Uranium (RU) are two large-scale mining consortiums active in re-mining old tailings dams and dumps in Krugersdorp and are a source of mine discharge feed into the Krugersdorp Game Reserve (KGR). This has resulted in a noticeable accumulation of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) over a number of years. Efforts were implemented to interpret the concentration levels of PHEs in soils of the study areas of which a total of 36 georeferenced soil samples were collected (in triplicate) from the MMG, RU and KGR, including samples from farmlands and waterways adjacent to the mining sites. Samples were then analysed by both inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for 36 elements. From the 36 elements of this study, detailed evaluations of the occurrence of 12 selected elements were discussed. The geochemical landscape at the KGR is shown to be in flux. The major mediating influences on the behaviour of As, Co, Cu, Hg and Pb, as they enter the KGR largely in the form of acid mine drainage (AMD), are the geological substrate (mostly in carbonate form). Analysis of the soils showed high levels of contamination for As and Co in ppm. The mean maximum of As ranged from (5.00–170.30) with the highest level found in the Krugersdorp site. The mean maximum of Co ranged from (46.00–102.30) with the highest level found in MMG. All of these values were well above the recommended maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) values, i.e., As (15–20) and Co (20–50). The mean maximum values for Pb (12.40–92.30); Cu (18.50–115.30) and Hg (12.40–92.30) content in surface soils of all four segments studied falls well within the MAC range for agricultural soils i.e., Cu (60–150); Hg (0.5–5) and Pb (20–300).

scholarly journals Trace Metal Levels in Vehicle Air and Pollen Filter Dusts by the BCR Extraction Procedure

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Altundağ ◽  
Mustafa Şahin Dündar ◽  
Can Serkan Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Air Filters ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The availability of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe and Zn of dust from vehicle air and pollen filters were investigated by four-step BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure. The acid-soluble, reducible, oxidizable, residual extracts were measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results indicated that both of air and pollen filter dusts contained higher concentration of Fe. To estimate the accuracy of the method the standard reference material BCR 701 was used. The results for recovery all the elements were found in the range 95.4-101.3%. The mean concentrations [μg/g] of trace elements in dusts from air filters/pollen filters were: cadmium 16.72/17.56; cobalt 24.22/23.72; chromium 46.02/55.44; copper 44.92/37.67; iron 1868.03/1854.92; manganese 231.2/213.64; nickel 38.89/45.27; lead 60.99/67.17; zinc 199.58/201.25. The results obtained are in agreement with data reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Sustainable Use of Chemical in Agricultural Soils and Implications for Precision Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-367
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Median Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ti Content

This study characterized and assessed the geostatistical variations of some essential macronutrients (Ca, P, Fe, Na, K, Al, Mg and Ti) for further environmental monitoring, planning and remediation using geochemical analysis in two commercial farms. Twenty soil samples were collected at the depth of 50 cm to 70 cm below the subsurface from the study areas that is, Landmark university farm representing the northcentral and Covenant university farm representing southwest Nigeria, respectively. Inductively coupled plasma and mass spectrometry (ICPMS) was used to analyze the samples at the Acme laboratory, Canada. The statistical results indicate that the following pair of elements {Ca-Mg, P-Mg, Fe-P, Fe-Al, Ca-K, Mg-K, and Na-K} are significantly positively correlated at 0.05 significance in the areas. The mean and median test revealed that iron (Fe) and titanium (Ti) content are the same in both study areas. The findings among others imply that deficient essential nutrients can be applied as fertilizers to farmland and thereby enhancing sustainable agricultural production.

Metals in Mullus surmuletus and Pseudupeneus prayensis from the Canary Islands (Atlantic Ocean)

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 2257-2263 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAOLA DORTA ◽  
CARMEN RUBIO ◽  
GONZALO LOZANO ◽  
DAILOS GONZÁLEZ-WELLER ◽  
ÁNGEL GUTIÉRREZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Mullus Surmuletus ◽  
The Mean

A total of 20 metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Sr, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, Zn, Al, Cd, and Pb) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry in muscle and liver tissue from a total of 28 examples of the fishes Mullus surmuletus and Pseudupeneus prayensis marketed in Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain). Significant differences (P < 0.05) in B, K, Mg, Mn, and Na concentrations were found between muscle and liver. The mean concentrations of K (1,388.04 mg/kg wet weight [wet wt]) and Mg (153.33 mg/kg wet wt) were higher in muscle than in liver (697.49 and 114.21 mg/kg wet wt, respectively). The mean concentrations of B in liver (0.18 mg/kg wet wt), Mn (0.70 mg/kg wet wt), and Na (892.09 mg/kg wet wt) were higher than those in muscle (0.15, 0.11, and 375.55 mg/kg wet wt, respectively). The mean concentrations of Al, Cd, and Pb in muscle tissue were 2.72 mg/kg wet wt and 4.28 and 10.29 μg/kg wet wt, and those in liver tissue were 31.31 mg/kg wet wt and 612.91 and 232.08 μg/kg wet wt, respectively. When comparing the two fish species, the muscle tissue of M. surmuletus has significantly higher concentrations (P < 0.05) of Al, B, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Sr, and Zn than did P. prayensis muscle, whereas the concentrations of Cd and V were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in P. prayensis muscle. Toxicological assessment of Cd and Pb concentrations was performed using the maximum limits set by the European Commission Regulations 1881/2006 and 629/2008 for muscle tissue (50 and 300 μg/kg wet wt, respectively). The concentrations of Cd and Pb in muscle detected in the present study for all the analyzed examples of M. surmuletus and P. prayensis were lower than the maximums established for muscle tissue by European legislation. Therefore, consumption of the muscle of these fish is considered safe in terms of Al, Cd, and Pb concentrations. However, the consumption of liver tissue should be avoided because of its high levels of metals. Constant monitoring of the concentrations of metals of toxicological concern in fish products available in the market is an essential part of food safety.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Selected Vegetables from Markets of Faisalabad, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-809
Author(s):  
SHAHZAD ZAFAR IQBAL ◽  
ZAKA ULLAH ◽  
MUHAMMAD R. ASI ◽  
SELAMAT JINAP ◽  
MIRZA NADEEM AHMAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Significant Health

ABSTRACT Two hundred ten samples of selected vegetables (okra, pumpkin, tomato, potato, eggplant, spinach, and cabbage) from Faisalabad, Pakistan, were analyzed for the analysis of heavy metals: cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg). Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was used for the analysis of heavy metals. The mean levels of Cd, Pb, As, and Hg were 0.24, 2.23, 0.58, and 7.98 mg/kg, respectively. The samples with Cd (27%), Pb (50%), and Hg (63%) exceeded the maximum residual levels set by the European Commission. The mean levels of heavy metals found in the current study are high and may pose significant health concerns for consumers. Furthermore, considerable attention should be paid to implement comprehensive monitoring and regulations.

Silicate analysis of carbonated rocks using ICP-AES with calibration by the concentration ratio

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
T. A. Karimova ◽  
G. L. Buchbinder ◽  
S. V. Kachin
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Calibration Error ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Carbonate Materials

Calibration by the concentration ratio provides better metrological characteristics compared to other calibration modes when using the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for analysis of geological samples and technical materials on their base. The main reasons for the observed improvement are: i) elimination of the calibration error of measuring vessels and the error of weighing samples of the analyzed materials from the total error of the analysis; ii) high intensity of the lines of base element; and iii) higher accuracy of measuring the ratio of intensities compared to that of measuring the absolute intensities. Calcium oxide is better suited as a base when using calibration by the concentration ratio in analysis of carbonate rocks, technical materials, slags containing less than 20% SiO2 and more than 20% CaO. An equation is derived to calculate the content of components determined in carbonate materials when using calibration by the concentration ratio. A method of ICP-AES with calibration by the concentration ratio is developed for determination of CaO (in the range of contents 20 – 100%), SiO2 (2.0 – 35%), Al2O3 (0.1 – 30%), MgO (0.1 – 20%), Fe2O3 (0.5 – 40%), Na2O (0.1 – 15%), K2O (0.1 – 5%), P2O5 (0.001 – 2%), MnO (0.01 – 2%), TiO2 (0.01 – 2.0%) in various carbonate materials. Acid decomposition of the samples in closed vessels heated in a HotBlock 200 system is proposed. Correctness of the procedure is confirmed in analysis of standard samples of rocks. The developed procedure was used during the interlaboratory analysis of the standard sample of slag SH17 produced by ZAO ISO (Yekaterinburg, Russia).

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