scholarly journals Fossil Resins–Constraints from Portable and Laboratory Near-infrared Raman Spectrometers

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Naglik ◽  
Maja Mroczkowska-Szerszeń ◽  
Magdalena Dumańska-Słowik ◽  
Lucyna Natkaniec-Nowak ◽  
Przemysław Drzewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Portable Equipment ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Preliminary Identification ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Device Type ◽  
Fossil Resins

Comparative studies of fossil resins of various ages, botanical sources, geological environments, and provenience were provided via a handheld portable Near-Infrared (NIR)-Raman spectrometer and benchtop instrument both working with laser line 1064 nm. The recorded Raman spectra of individual fossil resins were found to be sufficiently similar irrespective to the device type applied, i.e., handheld or benchtop. Thus, the portable equipment was found to be a sufficient tool for the preliminary identification of resins based on botanical and geographical origin criteria. The observed height ratio of 1640/1440 cm−1 Raman bands did not correlate well with the ages of fossil resins. Hence, it may be assumed that geological conditions such as volcanic activity and/or hydrothermal heating are plausible factors accelerating the maturation of resins and cross-linking processes.

scholarly journals Front Stress Distribution Under the Impact of Cutting Height to Caving Height Ratio in Extra-thick Longwall Top Coal Caving Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bui MANH TUNG ◽  
Nguyen VAN QUANG ◽  
Nguyen PHI HUNG ◽  
Vo NGOC DUNG ◽  
Do HOANG HIEP
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Research Orientation ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
The Face ◽  
New Research ◽  
Longwall Top Coal Caving ◽  
Cutting Height ◽  
The Impact

The extraction with higher cutting height for extra-thick seam is the new research orientation in longwall caving technology. Due to the increase of top coal thickness and of cutting height which leads to the change of cutting/caving height ratio, the rule of roof failure (including top coal caving) and the distribution of stress around the face alter correspondingly. This paper is based on the geological conditions of face 8102 of Tashan-DaTong mine, employing the numerical model by UDEC2D code, analysing the effect of cutting/caving height ratio on the law of stress distribution ahead of the face. When the ratio of cutting/caving height decreases and the cutting height increases, the results of the research have shown that: (i)- peak stress redistributes further ahead of the face and its value manifestly drops; (ii)- the plastic deformation ahead of face significant increases and the zone of plastic strain also expands. It is therefore concluded that the variation of cutting/caving height ratio results in the redistribution of roof pressure, which contributes to the control of roof failure and face stability.

Determination of the country of origin of true mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) wood in five Latin American countries using handheld NIR devices and multivariate data analysis

Holzforschung ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 521-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego C. Silva ◽  
Tereza C.M. Pastore ◽  
Liz F. Soares ◽  
Filipe A.S. de Barros ◽  
Maria C.J. Bergo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Preliminary Identification ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Spectral Ranges ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractA rapid and reliable identification of the country of origin of protected timbers is one of the measures for combating illegal logging. Mahogany (Swietenia macrophyllaKing) trees are distributed from Mexico to Bolivia and the Brazilian Amazon and are included in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proven to be a promising technique for calibration based and rapid species identification. There are only a few studies concerning the origin determination of mahogany wood. The present study is dedicated to trace back mahogany wood from Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru by means of two different handheld NIR spectrometers. The spectra were obtained directly from the wood samples, and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) and partial least squares for discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were developed for data evaluation. The SIMCA model was efficient and 67–100% and 70–98% of the origins were identified based on the spectral ranges from 1595 to 2396 nm and 950 to 1650 nm, respectively. The best results were obtained by the PLS-DA approach, in which the efficiency rates (EFR) vary from 90 to 100% with both spectrometers. In summary, both instruments were highly effective and are suitable for preliminary identification of the country of origin for mahogany wood.

Present and future of portable/handheld near-infrared spectroscopy in chicken meat industry

NIR news ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Irene Marivel Nolasco Perez ◽  
Luis Jam Pier Cruz-Tirado ◽  
Amanda Teixeira Badaró ◽  
Marciano Marques de Oliveira ◽  
Douglas Fernandes Barbin
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Portable Equipment ◽  
On Line ◽  
Different Characteristics

Near-infrared spectroscopy is widely applied for characterization of meat products. The improvement of handheld and portable equipment has allowed the development of on-line applications in the food processing industry. Recently, the poultry industry has benefited from the advancement of applications for identification of different characteristics, including chemical composition, identification of different parts and detection of anomalies. In this work, a review of recent applications of handheld and portable near-infrared equipment is presented, reporting the state of the art and providing insights about future applications.

scholarly journals Tracing the Geographical Origin of Durum Wheat by FT-NIR Spectroscopy

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa De Girolamo ◽  
Marina Cortese ◽  
Salvatore Cervellieri ◽  
Vincenzo Lippolis ◽  
Michelangelo Pascale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
North Central ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
The World

Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy, in combination with principal component-linear discriminant analysis (PC-LDA), was used for tracing the geographical origin of durum wheat samples. The classification model PC-LDA was applied to discriminate durum wheat samples originating from Northern, Central, and Southern Italy (n = 181), and to differentiate Italian durum wheat samples from those cultivated in other countries across the world (n = 134). Developed models were validated on a separated set of wheat samples. Different pre-treatments of spectral data and different spectral regions were selected and compared in terms of overall discrimination (OD) rates obtained in validation. The LDA models were able to correctly discriminate durum Italian wheat samples according to their geographical origin (i.e., North, Central, and South) with OD rates of up of 96.7%. Better results were obtained when LDA models were applied to the discrimination of Italian durum wheat samples from those originating from other countries across the world, having OD rates of up to 100%. The excellent results obtained herein clearly indicate the potential of FT-NIR spectroscopy to be used for the discrimination of durum wheat samples according to their geographical origin.

scholarly journals Comparison of Attenuated Total Reflectance Mid-Infrared, Near Infrared, and 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopies for the Determination of Coffee’s Geographical Origin

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Medina ◽  
Diana Caro Rodríguez ◽  
Victoria A. Arana ◽  
Andrés Bernal ◽  
Pierre Esseiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Fraud Detection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Total Reflectance ◽  
H Nmr

The sensorial properties of Colombian coffee are renowned worldwide, which is reflected in its market value. This raises the threat of fraud by adulteration using coffee grains from other countries, thus creating a demand for robust and cost-effective methods for the determination of geographical origin of coffee samples. Spectroscopic techniques such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), near infrared (NIR), and mid-infrared (mIR) have arisen as strong candidates for the task. Although a body of work exists that reports on their individual performances, a faithful comparison has not been established yet. We evaluated the performance of 1H-NMR, Attenuated Total Reflectance mIR (ATR-mIR), and NIR applied to fraud detection in Colombian coffee. For each technique, we built classification models for discrimination by species (C. arabica versus C. canephora (or robusta)) and by origin (Colombia versus other C. arabica) using a common set of coffee samples. All techniques successfully discriminated samples by species, as expected. Regarding origin determination, ATR-mIR and 1H-NMR showed comparable capacity to discriminate Colombian coffee samples, while NIR fell short by comparison. In conclusion, ATR-mIR, a less common technique in the field of coffee adulteration and fraud detection, emerges as a strong candidate, faster and with lower cost compared to 1H-NMR and more discriminating compared to NIR.

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