scholarly journals Effect of Cannabis Smoke Condensate on C. albicans Growth and Biofilm Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2348
Author(s):  
Neftaha Tazi ◽  
Xavier Pigeon ◽  
Jérôme Mulamba Mbuyi-Boisvert ◽  
Simon Giret ◽  
François Béland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Hyphal Length ◽  
Clinical Observations

The most common use of cannabis is smoking. The oral ecosystem, among other constituents, can be deregulated by the presence of cannabis smoke in the oral cavity. We evaluated the effect of cannabis smoke condensate (CSC) on the behavior of Candida albicans, a common yeast found in the oral cavity. The yeast was first cultured with different concentrations of CSC, and its growth was evaluated. The transition from the blastospore to the hyphal form and the hyphae size were assessed after 3 and 6 h, along with biofilm formation after 72 h of contact with CSC. The response of C. albicans to oxidative (H2O2) stress was also examined. Our results show that CSC contained high amounts of THC (about 1055 ppm), CBN (63 ppm), and CBG (about 47 ppm). The presence of various concentrations of CSC in the culture medium increased C. albicans growth. CSC also contributed to increases in both the hyphal length and biofilm mass. Following oxidative stress (H2O2 at either 100 or 500 μM), CSC prevented the damaging effect of H2O2 on both C. albicans shape and growth. These findings support clinical observations demonstrating that cannabis may promote C. albicans growth and oral candidiasis.

The Use of 2.5% Natamycin, as Orally Administered Drops, in the Treatment of Fungal Infections of the Oral Cavity in Children with Chronic Blood Diseases

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rokicka-Milewska ◽  
D. Derulska ◽  
D. Lipnicki ◽  
A. Skrobowska-Woźniak ◽  
A. Moszczeńska
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Blood Diseases

A total of 34 children with oral candidiasis were treated with 2.5% natamycin in the form of orally administered drops; 6–20 drops applied to oral lesions four times daily for up to 8 weeks. A total cure was achieved in 28 (82.3%) cases. No side-effects were observed. This preparation was an effective treatment for Candida albicans infections in children with blood diseases, and was well tolerated.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Distinct Proline- or N-Acetylglucosamine-Induced Hyphal Formation Pathways by Proline Analogs in Candida albicans

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tatsuki Sato ◽  
Hisashi Hoshida ◽  
Rinji Akada
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Fetal Bovine Serum ◽  
Yeast Form ◽  
Induction Condition ◽  
Fetal Bovine ◽  
Virulence Property ◽  
Hyphal Formation

Candida albicans undergoes a yeast-to-hyphal transition that has been recognized as a virulence property as well as a turning point leading to biofilm formation associated with candidiasis. It is known that yeast-to-hyphal transition is induced under complex environmental conditions including temperature (above 35°C), pH (greater than 6.5), CO2, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), amino acids, RPMI-1640 synthetic culture medium, and blood serum. To identify the hyphal induction factor in the RPMI-1640 medium, we examined each component of RPMI-1640 and established a simple hyphal induction condition, that is, incubation in L-proline solution at 37°C. Incubation in GlcNAc solution alone, which is not contained in RPMI-1640, without any other materials was also identified as another simple hyphal induction condition. To inhibit hyphal formation, proline and GlcNAc analogs were examined. Among the proline analogs used, L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZC) inhibited hyphal induction under both induction conditions, but L-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid (T4C) specifically inhibited proline-induced hyphal formation only, while α-N-methyl-L-proline (mPro) selectively inhibited GlcNAc-induced hyphal formation. Hyphal formation in fetal bovine serum was also inhibited by AZC or T4C together with mPro without affecting the proliferation of yeast form. These results indicate that these proline analogs are ideal inhibitors of yeast-to-hyphal transition in C. albicans.

scholarly journals Candida albicans: The Ability to Invade Epithelial Cells and Survive under Oxidative Stress Is Unlinked to Hyphal Length

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma K. Maza ◽  
Alexis Bonfim-Melo ◽  
Ana C. B. Padovan ◽  
Renato A. Mortara ◽  
Cristina M. Orikaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Hyphal Length

scholarly journals Potential Pathogenicity of Candida Species Isolated from Oral Cavity of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hasti Nouraei ◽  
Mehdi Ghaderian Jahromi ◽  
Leila Razeghian Jahromi ◽  
Kamiar Zomorodian ◽  
Keyvan Pakshir
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Blood Agar Plate ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Introduction. In the recent decade, the increased immunocompromised population such as diabetic patients makes a high incidence of invasive Candida infections. Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine metabolic disorder, and diabetic patients are more susceptible to oral candidiasis infection. Candidiasis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by many species of Candida. Secretion of exoenzymes plays an important role in the virulence and pathogenesis of Candida species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of phospholipase, esterase, and hemolytic activity of Candida species isolated from oral cavity lesions of diabetic patients. Methods. A total of 108 Candida species including 75 Candida albicans and 33 non-Candida albicans species were recovered from the oral cavity of diabetic patients included in our study. Egg yolk agar, Tween 80 opacity medium, and blood agar plate assays were used for determining phospholipase, esterase, and hemolytic activities, respectively. Results. Candida albicans species had the most exoenzyme activity in comparison to non-albicans isolates. Candida albicans isolates showed 97.3%, 100%, and 77.3% phospholipase, hemolysin, and esterase activities, respectively. The difference between Candida albicans and non-Candida albicans was significant in phospholipase ( P < 0.001 ) and hemolytic activity ( P = 0.027 ), but not significant in esterase activity ( P = 0.076 ). Conclusion. This study showed that most of the isolates had different enzymatic patterns, and Candida albicans isolates had the most exoenzyme activity. So due to the potential effects of these enzymes in pathogenesis and virulence effects of Candida species, we can conclude that the severity of extracellular enzymes may play a role in the severity of signs and symptoms of Candida oral cavity infections in diabetic patients.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy reduces adhesion capacity and biofilm formation of Candida albicans from induced oral candidiasis in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 402-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Cabrini Carmello ◽  
Fernanda Alves ◽  
Fernanda G. Basso ◽  
Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa ◽  
Antônio Cláudio Tedesco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

scholarly journals Candida albicans cell wall glycosidases DFG5 and DCW1 are required for biofilm formation and Hog-1 signaling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Mancuso ◽  
Jennifer Chinnici ◽  
Charlene Tsou ◽  
Sujay Busarajan ◽  
Abhiram Maddi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Systemic Candidiasis ◽  
Homologous Genes ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Stress Susceptibility ◽  
And Control

Background. Candida albicans is a commensal fungus that inhabits the oral mucosal surface and causes oral and systemic candidiasis. Oral candidiasis most commonly occurs in patients with AIDS, denture wearers and newborn children. Systemic candidiasis occurs mainly in immunocompromised patients and patients admitted to hospitals for prolonged periods. The C. albicans homologous genes, DFG5 and DCW1, encode for two closely related cell wall proteins with putative glycosyltransferase enzyme activity and C-terminal GPI-anchors. Past studies have shown that individual DFG5 and DCW1 mutations are viable but simultaneous deletion of DFG5 and DCW1 in C. albicans results in lethality. However, the exact functions of these cell wall based enzymes, which represent ideal drug targets, are not understood. Methods. C. albicans DFG5/DCW1 heterologous and conditional double mutant strains, ES1 and ES195 respectively, were assessed for growth and biofilm formation in comparison to wild type and parental strains. Cell wall, osmotic and heat stress susceptibility of the mutant and control strains was assessed using agar spotting assays. Western Blot analysis of mutant strains and control strains was performed to assess Hog-1 phosphorylation status. Results. Growth in planktonic cultures and biofilm formation was found to be affected in the DFG5/DCW1 double mutants as compared to control strains. The mutant strains were also less resistant to cell wall, osmotic and heat stresses as compared to control strains. Hog-1 phosphorylation was affected in the mutant strains. Conclusions. These data indicate that Candida albicans DFG5 and DCW1 play critical roles in biofilm formation and Hog-1 signaling pathway.

Study of the activity of Punica granatum-mediated silver nanoparticles against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, alone or in combination with azoles or polyenes

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-567
Author(s):  
José António Santos Souza ◽  
Marta M Alves ◽  
Debora Barros Barbosa ◽  
Maria Manuel Lopes ◽  
Eugénia Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Green Route ◽  
Potent Inhibitory Effect

Abstract The continuous emergence of Candida strains resistant to currently used antifungals demands the development of new alternatives that could reduce the burden of candidiasis. In this work silver nanoparticles synthesized using a green route are efficiently used, alone or in combination with fluconazole, amphotericin B or nystatine, to inhibit growth of C. albicans and C. glabrata oral clinical strains, including in strains showing resistance to fluconazole. A potent inhibitory effect over biofilm formation prompted by the two Candida species was also observed, including in mature biofilm cells. These results foster the use of phytotherapeutics as effective treatments in oral candidiasis.

scholarly journals Preliminary study on the inhibitory effect of seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa extract on biofilm formation of Candida albicans cultured from the saliva of a smoker

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 684
Author(s):  
Zaki Mubarak ◽  
Adintya Humaira ◽  
Basri A. Gani ◽  
Zainal A. Muchlisin
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Preliminary Study

Background: Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that infects the oral cavity. Increases in colony numbers of C. albicans can be caused by multiple factors, such as smoking, a weakened immune system, taking antibiotics and with immune-compromised individuals. Smoking can increase the virulence factor of C. albicans and make it stronger. One of the virulence factors of C. albicans is the biofilm it forms. The C. albicans biofilm makes it more tolerant to extracts of the seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa, which has antifungal activity. The objective of the study was to examine the ability of the G. verrucosa extracts to inhibit the formation of biofilm by C. albicans obtained from the saliva of smoker. Methods: A total of six concentrations of G. verrucosa (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) were tested in this study. The positive control was fluconazole 0.31 µg/ml C. albicans was taken from the saliva of one smoker in Faculty of Dentistry, Syiah Kuala University. The total amount of biofilm was assessed using an ELISA reader. The data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance limit of p<0.05. Results: The seaweed extract has three bio-active compounds: steroids, terpenoid, and tannins. The results showed that the inhibitory activity of seaweed on C. albicans biofilm formation increases as its concentration increases. The highest effectiveness was recorded at a seaweed concentration of 100% at 48 h of exposure. Conclusions: The optimal inhibition of the C. albicans biofilm formation was recorded at the concentration of 100% G. verrucosa after 48 hours of exposure.

scholarly journals BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CANDIDA ISOLATES FROM ORAL CAVITY AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdalhaq Hussin Alhasani ◽  
Ameen Abdullah Yahya Al-Akwa ◽  
Hassan Abdul wahab Al-Shamahy ◽  
Hussein Mohammad Shoga Al-deen ◽  
Mohammed A Al-labani
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Oral Candida ◽  
E Mail

Background and aims: Fixed Orthodontic Appliances (FOA) act as diverse impact zones and modify microbial adherence and colonization, acting as unfamiliar reserves and potential sources of infection  This study was conducted to inspect the effect of the introduction of fixed orthodontic appliances on the growth and adherence (biofilm formation) of Candida species. And also to reveal the species distribution and antifungal sensitivity to isolated Candida species.  Material and methods: The trial group was chosen   from orthodontic patients whom were inspected clinically as soon as to get baseline information prior to active treatment. The group included 210 patients; 165 females, and 45 males, (mean age 21.6 ± 4.5 years). Clinical, demographic, and risk factor data were collected in a standard questionnaire and then each individual was directed to perform an oral rinse with phosphate-buffered saline, which was expectorated and processed proposed for the isolation and identification of Candida species by standard methods. After that, the isolated Candida species were tested for biofilm production by the phenotypic method i.e. Tissue culture palate methods (TCPM). Finally, antibiogram susceptibility pattern of oral Candida species was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for amphotericin B, ketoconazole, and fluconazole. Results: The most common yeast colonized oral cavity after the introduction of FOA was C. albicans (72.5%), followed by C. glabrata and C. tropicalis  (12.5%), while Candida parapsilosis  only was 2.5%. The rate of formation of biofilms was 52.5% for all types of Candida, and it was found that biofilm formation occurs more frequently among C. tropicals  and C. glabrata (60%) than C. albicans (48.3%). All Candida species isolates were sensitive to amphotericin B and ketoconazole while resistance to fluconazole was found in 40% of C. tropicalis and 20% in C. glabrata  and 13.8% in C. albicans.  Conclusion: The present study proved that C. albicans is still the major isolate from the oral cavity after the introduction of FOA, but non-albicans species colonization is raised and FOA might be a factor for biofilm formation. The C. tropicalis and C. glabrata were more– biofilm-producers compared to C. albicans. The isolated species in the current study are less susceptible to fluconazole and drug resistant factor in the Candida species isolates was found to be associated with  biofilm formation. Peer Review History: Received 24 July 2020; Revised 13 August; Accepted 4 September, Available online 15 September 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Wadhah Hassan Edrees Affiliation: Hajjah University, Yemen E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal Affiliation: AIMST University, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia E-mail: [email protected]   Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: ORAL CANDIDA ALBICANS COLONIZATION RATE IN FIXED ORTHODONTICS PATIENTS ORAL C. ALBICANS COLONIZATION AND NON-CANDIDA ALBICANS CANDIDA COLONIZATION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, YEMEN PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF ORAL NON-CANDIDA ALBICANS CANDIDA CARRIAGE IN DENTURE WEARERS IN SANA'A CITY- YEMEN

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