scholarly journals Microbiomics in Collusion with the Nervous System in Carcinogenesis: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis and Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2129
Author(s):  
Rodney Hull ◽  
Georgios Lolas ◽  
Stylianos Makrogkikas ◽  
Lasse D. Jensen ◽  
Konstantinos N. Syrigos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Cancer Growth ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Hallmarks Of Cancer ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
Stimulation Of

The influence of the naturally occurring population of microbes on various human diseases has been a topic of much recent interest. Not surprisingly, continuously growing attention is devoted to the existence of a gut brain axis, where the microbiota present in the gut can affect the nervous system through the release of metabolites, stimulation of the immune system, changing the permeability of the blood–brain barrier or activating the vagus nerves. Many of the methods that stimulate the nervous system can also lead to the development of cancer by manipulating pathways associated with the hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, neurogenesis or the creation of new nervous tissue, is associated with the development and progression of cancer in a similar manner as the blood and lymphatic systems. Finally, microbes can secrete neurotransmitters, which can stimulate cancer growth and development. In this review we discuss the latest evidence that support the importance of microbiota and peripheral nerves in cancer development and dissemination.

THE PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE INSECTICIDE DIELDRIN

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Gowdey ◽  
A. R. Graham ◽  
J. J. Seguin ◽  
G. W. Stavraky
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Reflex Excitability ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of dieldrin (hexachloro-epoxy-octahydro-dimethanonaphthalene) were studied in acute experiments on cats and rabbits. When injected intravenously or intra-arterially, it caused excitation of the central nervous system, which resulted in increased reflex excitability, convulsions, bradycardia, and some vasodepression. Dieldrin potentiated the effects of acetylcholine on the central nervous system and on the circulatory system as well as on intestinal motility. These latter manifestations were abolished by section of the vagus nerves, indicating a central action. Dieldrin had no effect on salivary secretion produced either by stimulation of the chorda tympani or by injections of acetylcholine in the decentralized submaxillary gland. Thus, although dieldrin has a marked parasympathomimetic action, this effect is exerted through stimulation of central mechanisms and not peripherally.

scholarly journals Peripheral axonal ensheathment is regulated by Ral GTPase and the exocyst complex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana F. Silva-Rodrigues ◽  
Cátia F. Patrício-Rodrigues ◽  
Vicente de Sousa-Xavier ◽  
Pedro M. Augusto ◽  
Ana C. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Exocyst Complex ◽  
Membrane Growth ◽  
Ral Gtpase

AbstractAxon ensheathment is fundamental for fast impulse conduction and the normal physiological functioning of the nervous system. Defects in axonal insulation lead to debilitating conditions, but despite its importance, the molecular players responsible are poorly defined. Here, we identify Ral GTPase as a key player in axon ensheathment in Drosophila larval peripheral nerves. We demonstrate through genetic analysis that Ral action through the exocyst complex is sufficient and necessary in wrapping glial cells to regulate their growth and development. We suggest that the Ral-exocyst pathway controls the targeting of secretory vesicles for membrane growth or for the secretion of a wrapping glia-specific factor that itself regulates growth. In summary, our findings provide a new molecular understanding of the process by which axons are ensheathed in vivo, a process critical for normal neuronal function.

scholarly journals Studies on the Regulatory Roles and Related Mechanisms of lncRNAs in the Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zijian Zhou ◽  
Dake Qi ◽  
Quan Gan ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Bengang Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Physiological Processes

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted extensive attention due to their regulatory role in various cellular processes. Emerging studies have indicated that lncRNAs are expressed to varying degrees after the growth and development of the nervous system as well as injury and degeneration, thus affecting various physiological processes of the nervous system. In this review, we have compiled various reported lncRNAs related to the growth and development of central and peripheral nerves and pathophysiology (including advanced nerve centers, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system) and explained how these lncRNAs play regulatory roles through their interactions with target-coding genes. We believe that a full understanding of the regulatory function of lncRNAs in the nervous system will contribute to understand the molecular mechanism of changes after nerve injury and will contribute to discover new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for nerve injury diseases.

The Role of Peripheral Nervous System in Colour Changes of Bufo Arenarum Hensel

1954 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-638
Author(s):  
A. O. M. STOPPANI ◽  
P. F. PIERONI ◽  
A. J. MURRAY
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Secondary Role ◽  
Bufo Arenarum ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Stimulation of the peripheral nerves of Bufo arenarum Hensel produces a partial paling of the skin due to concentration of pigment in the intracutaneous melanophores, and dispersion of guanin-granules in the guanophores. This effect is attributed to the liberation in situ of an adrenergic-like substance. Noradrenalin and the cutaneous secretion (which contains adrenalin and active bases) play no part in the blanching of the skin. 2. The nervous system plays a secondary role in the paling of the skin which follows hypophysectomy. 3. There is no evidence that stimulation of the peripherai nervous system is essential for the colour changes of B. arenarum.

THE PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE INSECTICIDE DIELDRIN

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Gowdey ◽  
A. R. Graham ◽  
J. J. Seguin ◽  
G. W. Stavraky
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Reflex Excitability ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of dieldrin (hexachloro-epoxy-octahydro-dimethanonaphthalene) were studied in acute experiments on cats and rabbits. When injected intravenously or intra-arterially, it caused excitation of the central nervous system, which resulted in increased reflex excitability, convulsions, bradycardia, and some vasodepression. Dieldrin potentiated the effects of acetylcholine on the central nervous system and on the circulatory system as well as on intestinal motility. These latter manifestations were abolished by section of the vagus nerves, indicating a central action. Dieldrin had no effect on salivary secretion produced either by stimulation of the chorda tympani or by injections of acetylcholine in the decentralized submaxillary gland. Thus, although dieldrin has a marked parasympathomimetic action, this effect is exerted through stimulation of central mechanisms and not peripherally.

On the question of neurolues

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-428
Author(s):  
D. L. Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Brain

Even during Virchow, - according to the testimony of prof. MI Molchanova, - it was known that syphilitic infection tends to be localized simultaneously in various tissues of the body and, in particular, in the nervous system, it is inclined to simultaneously affect its various parts - both peripheral nerves, and membranes, and the very substance of the brain. Molchanov explains the cases of syphilitic poliomyelitis that he observed without the participation of the spinal membranes by the penetration of the infection by the vascular route, which is consistent with the now dominant view of Sicard about the introduction of the causative agent of syphilis (Spir. Pallida) through the circulatory system into the nervous tissue.

SEM study of the morphological effects of kinetin and zeatin on the growth and development of the apical meristem in wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 978-979
Author(s):  
G. M. Hutchins ◽  
J. S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Moist Environment

Cytokinins are plant hormones that play a large and incompletely understood role in the life-cycle of plants. The goal of this study was to determine what roles cytokinins play in the morphological development of wheat. To achieve any real success in altering the development and growth of wheat, the cytokinins must be applied directly to the apical meristem, or spike of the plant. It is in this region that the plant cells are actively undergoing mitosis. Kinetin and Zeatin were the two cytokinins chosen for this experiment. Kinetin is an artificial hormone that was originally extracted from old or heated DNA. Kinetin is easily made from the reaction of adenine and furfuryl alcohol. Zeatin is a naturally occurring hormone found in corn, wheat, and many other plants.Chinese Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was used for this experiment. Prior to planting, the seeds were germinated in a moist environment for 72 hours.

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