scholarly journals Case-Control Study to Assess the Association between Epilepsy and Toxocara Infection/Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2091
Author(s):  
Ali Alizadeh Khatir ◽  
Mahdi Sepidarkish ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rajabalizadeh ◽  
Solmaz Alizadeh Moghaddam ◽  
Saeed Aghapour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Control Study

Although causes and etiology of epilepsy are mostly obscure, some zoonotic parasites, such as Toxocara species, have been proposed as a risk factor for this disease. Here, we conducted an age-matched case-control study to evaluate whether there is an association between epilepsy and the presence of serum antibodies to Toxocara in incident cases. We included 94 idiopathic epileptic patients as cases, and—from the same geographical region—88 people with no own history of epilepsy or neurological disease as control subjects. Epilepsy was confirmed by a physician using the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) definition. All participants were screened for the anti-Toxocara IgG serum antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Univariate and mutltivariate statistical analyses were applied to calculate the crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Anti-Toxocara serum antibody was detected in 37 epileptic patients and in 23 control subjects, giving respective seroprevalences of 39.3% (95% CI, 29.4–49.9%) and 26.1% (95% CI, 17.3–36.5%), respectively. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis estimated an OR of 2.38 (95% CI, 1.25–4.63), indicating a significant association between epilepsy and Toxocara seropositivity. There was also a significant association between seropositivity to Toxocara and partial (OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.14–6.04) or generalized (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.09–4.40%) seizures. Findings from the present study of incident epileptic cases support previous studies proposing that Toxocara infection/exposure is a risk factor for epilepsy. However, further well-designed population-based surveys and mechanistic/experimental studies in animal models are required to better understand the reason(s) for this association.

scholarly journals Serum and urine ghrelin in adult epileptic patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafaa S. Mohamed ◽  
Rania S. Nageeb ◽  
Hanaa H. Elsaid
Keyword(s):  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Several neuropeptides have concerned with epilepsy pathogenesis; ghrelin showed an anticonvulsant effect. There is a potential relation between its level and antiepileptic drug (AEDs) response. Objective To evaluate ghrelin effect in adult epileptic patients and in response to AEDs. Materials and methods This case control study included 40 adult epileptic patients and 40 healthy controls. Participants were subjected to history taking of seizure semiology, full general and neurological examination, electroencephalography, and cranial imaging. Fasting serum acylated ghrelin (AG), unacylated ghrelin (UAG), and urine AG levels were estimated to all participants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA). Results Serum AG, UAG, and urine AG levels were statistically higher in epileptic patients than controls (p = 0.005, 0.003, and 0.018 respectively). A significant higher level of serum AG was found among generalized epileptic patients (p = 0.038). There was higher statistically significant levels of all measured parameters among poly therapy patients (p = 0.003, 0.013, and 0.001 respectively). Also, a higher statistical significant level of serum AG and UAG in AEDs-responsive patients was found (p < 0.001). Our results demonstrated significant positive correlation between all measured parameters (serum AG, UAG, and urine AG) and epilepsy duration (p = 0.001, 0.002, and 0.009 respectively). High serum AG and UAG levels were independently associated with longer epilepsy duration (p = 0.00 and 0.008) and better response to AEDs (p < 0.001). Conclusion These results indicated that serum AG and UAG levels were significantly high in epileptic patients especially with prolonged epilepsy duration and good AEDs response. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03926273 (22-04-2019) “retrospectively registered.”

scholarly journals Familial aggregation of renal disease in a population-based case-control study.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1270-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
H H Lei ◽  
T V Perneger ◽  
M J Klag ◽  
P K Whelton ◽  
J Coresh
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Control Study

Family history of renal disease has been associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is uncertain whether this risk is mediated by familial aggregation of risk factors for ESRD, such as diabetes and hypertension. The association of ESRD with familial aggregation of renal disease was examined in a large, population-based case-control study conducted in Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, DC. The number of first-degree relatives who were affected with any type of renal disease was compared between 689 newly treated ESRD patients registered in the Medicare ESRD program (92% of all eligible incident cases presenting between January and July of 1991) and 361 control subjects without ESRD who were selected by random-digit dialing (90% response rate). Patients and control subjects were frequency matched by age; patients with ESRD caused by polycystic kidney disease and other known hereditary kidney diseases were excluded. Analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression. After controlling for the proband's age, gender, race, family size, socioeconomic status, and personal and family histories of diabetes and hypertension, having one first-degree relative with renal disease increased the odds of ESRD by 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 2.6) and having two or more affected first-degree relatives increased the odds of ESRD by 10.4 (95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 40.2). These data support familial aggregation of renal disease in excess of that predicted by clustering of diabetes and hypertension within families, suggesting that either genetic susceptibility or environmental exposures shared within families increase the risk of developing ESRD. This risk is also much higher when two or more first-degree relatives have renal disease. Unraveling the molecular basis of this increase in risk may provide new avenues for treatment and prevention of ESRD.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF VITAMIN D LEVEL AND VITAMIN D RECEPTOR A-1012G POLYMORPHISM WITH PSORIASIS – CASE CONTROL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Pocut Astari ◽  
Yahwardiah Siregar ◽  
Ariyati Yosi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Control Study

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammation of the skin caused by combination of genetic, immune and environmental factors. The Vitamin D receptors alongside with plasma vitamin D (25(OH)D) level have known to be related with psoriasis. Vitamin D receptor polymorphism is one of the multiple polymorphisms that predispose individuals to several diseases. It is possible that this polymorphism is different among psoriatic patients and healthy one particularly in Medan, Indonesia population.  Objective: We aimed to investigate associations between plasma level of 25(OH)D and one VDR gene polymorphism (A-1012G) with psoriasis.Methods: Fourty four psoriatic patients and 44 healthy control subjects’ DNA samples were obtained in this case control study and genotyped for A-1012G polymorphism by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The plasma vitamin D (25(OH)D) level of case and control subjects were examined using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).Results: Significant lower plasma 25(OH)D levels were found in control group (p<0.001) which consist of mostly young adult female. There is no significant relationship between AA, AG and GG genotype variances of A-1012G polymorphism with psoriasis (p=0.124).Conclusion: No significant association found between A-1012G polymorphism and psoriasis but there was a significant difference found between vitamin D level and psoriasis (p<0.001).  From this study, vitamin D deficiency were more common in young adult female

scholarly journals The Probable Association between Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Soltani ◽  
Sanaz Tavakoli ◽  
Mohamad Sabaghan ◽  
Mehdi Sagha Kahvaz ◽  
Marzieh Pashmforosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Purpose. The probable association between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and diabetes mellitus (DM) is still controversial, and there are several studies with conflicting results. Thus, this study was performed to assess the possible association between chronic T. gondii infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and T2DM. Methods. In this case-control study, a total of 105 diabetic subjects including 36 patients with T1DM and 69 patients with T2DM were recruited. In addition, 150 nondiabetic subjects were enrolled as controls. Each case group had its own control group. Each participant completed a structured questionnaire obtaining demographic information. Serum samples were examined for T. gondii-specific IgG antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results. Analysis revealed that 69.4% and 34.0% of patients with T1DM and control subjects were serologically positive for T. gondii, respectively (odds ratio (OR): 4.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.75–11.06; P = 0.001 ). Moreover, 72.5% of T2DM patients and 29.0% of healthy individuals were seropositive for T. gondii (OR: 6.44; 95% CI: 3.25–12.74; P < 0.001 ). Among risk factors, only contact with cats was significantly associated with IgG seroprevalence in both T2DM patients ( P < 0.001 ) and control subjects ( P = 0.045 ). Conclusion. Although the results showed that chronic T. gondii infection is significantly associated with T1DM and T2DM, there remain many questions regarding the exact mechanisms of T. gondii in the pathogenesis of DM.

scholarly journals OP0234 RISK OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AMONG NEW USERS OF CHONDROITIN SULPHATE: A NESTED CASE-CONTROL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 144.1-144
Author(s):  
R. Mazzucchelli ◽  
S. Rodriguez-Martin ◽  
A. García-Vadillo ◽  
M. Gil ◽  
A. Rodríguez-Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Control Study

Background:There is some evidence from epidemiological studies suggesting that CS and glucosamine could play a role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention (1-4).Studies to date have included prevalent users, therefore a bias that overestimates protection cannot be excluded.Objectives:To test the hypothesis that chondroitin sulphate (CS) or glucosamine reduce the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods:Case-control study nested in a primary cohort composed of patients aged 40 to 99 years, with at least one year of follow-up in the BIFAP database during the 2002-2015 study period. From this cohort of patients, we identified incident cases of AMI and randomly selected five controls per case, matched by exact age, gender, and index date. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI)) were calculated through a conditional logistic regression. Only new users of CS or glucosamine were considered.Results:A total of 23,585 incident cases of AMI and 117,405 controls were included. The mean age was 67.0 (SD 13.4) years and 71.75% were male, in both groups. 558 (2.37%) cases and 3,082 (2.62%) controls used or had used CS. The current use of CS was associated with a lower risk of AMI (AOR 0.57; 95%CI: 0.46–0.72) and disappeared after discontinuation (recent and past users). The reduced risk among current users was observed in both short-term (<365 days AOR 0.58; 95%CI: 0.45-0.75) and long-term users (>364 days AOR 0.56; 95%CI 0.36-0.87), in both sexes (men, AOR=0.52; 95%CI:0.38-0.70; women, AOR=0.65; 95%CI: 0.46-0.91), in individuals over or under 70 years of age (AOR=0.54; 95%CI:0.38-0.77, and AOR=0.61; 95%CI:0.45-0.82, respectively) and in individuals at intermediate (AOR=0.65; 95%CI:0.48-0.91) and high cardiovascular risk (AOR=0.48;95%CI:0.27-0.83), but not in those at low risk (AOR=1.11; 95%CI:0.48-2.56). In contrast, the current use of glucosamine was not associated with either increased or decreased risk of AMI (AOR= 0.86; CI95% 0.66-1.08)Conclusion:Our results support a cardioprotective effect of CS, while no effect was observed with glucosamine. The highest protection was found among subgroups at higher cardiovascular risk.References:[1]Ma H, Li X, Sun D, Zhou T, Ley SH, Gustat J, et al. Association of habitual glucosamine use with risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective study in UK Biobank. BMJ. 2019;365(Journal Article):l1628.[2]de Abajo FJ, Gil MJ, Garcia Poza P, Bryant V, Oliva B, Timoner J, et al. Risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction associated with non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, non-narcotic analgesics and other drugs used in osteoarthritis: a nested case-control study. PharmacoepidemiolDrug Saf. 2014;23(11):1128–38.[3]Li Z-H, Gao X, Chung VC, Zhong W-F, Fu Q, Lv Y-B, et al. Associations of regular glucosamine use with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a large prospective cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Apr 6;annrheumdis-2020-217176.[4]King DE, Xiang J. Glucosamine/Chondroitin and Mortality in a US NHANES Cohort. J Am Board Fam Med. 2020 Dec;33(6):842–7.Disclosure of Interests:Ramón Mazzucchelli Speakers bureau: UCB, Lilly, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Roche, Amgen, Sara Rodriguez-Martin: None declared, Alberto García-Vadillo: None declared, Miguel Gil: None declared, Antonio Rodríguez-Miguel: None declared, Diana Barreira-Hernández: None declared, Alberto García-Lledó: None declared, Francisco de Abajo: None declared

scholarly journals SAT0077 CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSESSMENT WITH CAROTID ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN ADDITION TO THE TRADITIONAL CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 973-973
Author(s):  
R. Gonzalez Mazario ◽  
J. J. Fragio-Gil ◽  
P. Martinez Calabuig ◽  
E. Grau García ◽  
M. De la Rubia Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Carotid Ultrasonography ◽  
Control Study

Background:Cardiovascular disease (CV) is the most frequent cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. It is well known that RA acts as an independent cardiovascular risk factor.Objectives:To assess the CV risk in RA patients using carotid ultrasonography (US) additionally to the traditional CV risk factors.Methods:A prospective transversal case control study was performed, including adult RA patients who fulfilled ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria and healthy controls matched according to CV risk factors. Population over 75 years old, patients with established CV disease and/or chronic kidney failure (from III stage) were excluded. The US evaluator was blinded to the case/control condition and evaluated the presence of plaques and the intima-media thickness. Statistical analysis was performed with R (3.6.1 version) and included a multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA) and a negative binomial regression adjusted by confounding factors (age, sex and CV risk factors).Results:A total of 200 cases and 111 healthy controls were included in the study. Demographical, clinical and US data are exposed in table 1. Not any difference was detected in terms of CV risk factors between the cases and controls. In both groups a relationship between age, BMI and high blood pressure was detected (p<0.001).Table 1.Table 2.RA basal characteristicsDisease duration (years)16,98 (11,38)Erosions (X-Ray of hands/feet)163 (81,5%)Seropositive (RF/anti-CCP)146 (73%)Extra-articular symptoms44 (22%)Intersticial difusse lung disease10 (5%)Rheumatoid nodules14 (7%)Prednisone use103 (51,5%)Median dose of Prednisone last year (mg)2,34 (2,84)sDMARDsMethotrexate104 (52%)Leflunomide29 (14,5%)Hydroxycloroquine9 (4,5%)bDMARDs89 (44,5%) TNFi41 (20,5%) Abatacept15 (7,5%) IL6i22 (11%) RTX11 (5,5%)JAKi26 (13%) Baricitinib11 (5,5%) Tofacitinib15 (7,5%)DAS 28-ESR3,1 (2,3, 3,9)SDAI7,85 (4,04, 13,41)HAQ0,88 (0,22, 1,5)RF (U/mL)51 (15, 164,25)Anti-CCP (U/mL)173 (22, 340)Patients showed higher intima-media (both right and left) thickness compared to controls (p<0.006). Moreover it was also related to the disease duration and DAS28 score (p<0.001). A higher plaque account was noted in cases(p<0.004) and it was also related to the disease duration (p<0.001).Conclusion:RA implies a higher CV risk. Traditional CV risk factors explains only partially the global risk. These findings support that RA acts as an independent cardiovascular risk factor.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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