scholarly journals Antifungal Streptomyces spp., Plausible Partners for Brood-Caring of the Dung Beetle Copris tripartitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1980
Author(s):  
Sung Hun Kim ◽  
Goeun Park ◽  
Jin-Soo Park ◽  
Hak Cheol Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Mammalian Herbivores ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Culture Dependent

The dung beetle Copris tripartitus Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a coprophagous insect that lives in and feeds primarily on the feces of mammalian herbivores and is known to protect their offspring from the pathogen-rich environment by performing parental care for brood balls. Brood balls under continuous management by dung beetle are rarely contaminated by entomopathogenic fungi compared to abandoned brood balls. On the supposition that dung beetles may benefit from mutualistic bacteria that protect their offspring against fungal pathogens, we evaluated the antifungal activities of bacteria isolated from the dung beetle and brood ball. As a result, bacterial isolates, mainly streptomycetes, manifested potent and broad-spectrum antifungal activity against various fungi, including entomopathogens. Of the isolates, Streptomyces sp. AT67 exhibited pronounced antifungal activities. Culture-dependent and independent approaches show that this strain has occurred continuously in dung beetles that were collected over three years. Moreover, metabolic profiling and chemical investigation demonstrated that the strain produced an antifungal polyene macrocyclic lactam, sceliphrolactam, as a major product. Our findings imply that specific symbiotic bacteria of C. tripartitus are likely to contribute brood ball hygiene by inhibiting fungal parasites in the environment.

scholarly journals Wood Pastures: A Transitional Habitat between Forests and Pastures for Dung Beetle Assemblages

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
László Somay ◽  
Viktor Szigeti ◽  
Gergely Boros ◽  
Réka Ádám ◽  
András Báldi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Assemblage Composition ◽  
Beetle Assemblages

Wood pastures are home to a variety of species, including the dung beetle. Dung beetles are an important functional group in decomposition. Specifically, in terms of livestock manure, they not only contribute to nutrient cycling but are key players in supporting human and animal health. Dung beetles, however, are declining in population, and urgent recommendations are needed to reverse this trend. Recommendations need to be based on solid evidence and specific habitats. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of an intermediate habitat type between forests and pastures. Wood pastures are key areas for dung beetle conservation. For this reason, we compared dung beetle assemblages among forests, wood pastures, and grasslands. We complemented this with studies on the effects of dung type and season at three Hungarian locations. Pitfall traps baited with cattle, sheep, or horse dung were used in forests, wood pastures, and pasture habitats in spring, summer, and autumn. Dung beetle assemblages of wood pastures showed transient characteristics between forests and pastures regarding their abundance, species richness, Shannon diversity, assemblage composition, and indicator species. We identified a strong effect of season and a weak of dung type. Assemblage composition proved to be the most sensitive measure of differences among habitats. The conservation of dung beetles, and the decomposition services they provide, need continuous livestock grazing to provide fresh dung, as well as the maintenance of wood pastures where dung beetle assemblages typical of forests and pastures can both survive.

scholarly journals Exploring antifungal activities of acetone extract of selected Indian medicinal plants against human dermal fungal pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 2180-2187
Author(s):  
Sasi Abirami ◽  
B Edwin Raj ◽  
T Soundarya ◽  
Marikani Kannan ◽  
Dhanasekaran Sugapriya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Indian Medicinal Plants

scholarly journals A review and phylogeny of Scarabaeine dung beetle fossils (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), with the description of twoCanthochilumspecies from Dominican amber

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Tarasov ◽  
Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello ◽  
Frank-Thorsten Krell ◽  
Dimitar Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Dominican Amber ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses

Despite the increasing rate of systematic research on scarabaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), their fossil record has remained largely unrevised. In this paper, we review all 33 named scarabaeine fossils and describe two new species from Dominican amber (Canthochilum allenisp.n.,Canthochilum philipsivieorumsp.n.). We provide a catalogue of all fossil Scarabaeinae and evaluate their assignment to this subfamily, based primarily on the original descriptions but also, where possible, by examining the type specimens. We suggest that only 21 fossil taxa can be reliably assigned to the Scarabaeinae, while the remaining 14 should be treated as doubtful Scarabaeinae. The doubtful scarabaeines include the two oldest dung beetle fossils known from the Cretaceous and we suggest excluding them from any assessments of the minimum age of scarabaeine dung beetles. The earliest reliably described scarabaeine fossil appears to beLobateuchus parisii, known from Oise amber (France), which shifts the minimum age of the Scarabaeinae to the Eocene (53 Ma). We scored the best-preserved fossils, namelyLobateuchusand the twoCanthochilumspecies described herein, into the character matrix used in a recent morphology-based study of dung beetles, and then inferred their phylogenetic relationships with Bayesian and parsimony methods. All analyses yielded consistent phylogenies where the two fossilCanthochilumare placed in a clade with the extant species ofCanthochilum, andLobateuchusis recovered in a clade with the extant generaAteuchusandAphengium. Additionally, we evaluated the distribution of dung beetle fossils in the light of current global dung beetle phylogenetic hypotheses, geological time and biogeography. The presence of only extant genera in the late Oligocene and all later records suggests that the main present-day dung beetle lineages had already been established by the late Oligocene–mid Miocene.

scholarly journals Fusaricidins, Polymyxins and Volatiles Produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa Strains DSM 32871 and M1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Mülner ◽  
Elisa Schwarz ◽  
Kristin Dietel ◽  
Stefanie Herfort ◽  
Jennifer Jähne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Maldi Tof Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Volatile Organic

Paenibacilli are efficient producers of potent agents against bacterial and fungal pathogens, which are of great interest both for therapeutic applications in medicine as well as in agrobiotechnol-ogy. Lipopeptides produced by such organisms play a major role in their inactivation potential. In this work we investigated two lipopeptide complexes, the fusaricidins and the polymyxins, produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa strains DSM 32871 and M1 by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The fusaricidins show potent antifungal activities and are distinguished by an unusual variabil-ity. For strain DSM 32871 we identified numerous yet unknown variants mass spectrometrically. DSM 32871 produces polymyxins of type E (colistins), while M1 forms polymyxins P. For both strains novel, but not yet completely characterized polymyxin species were detected, which pos-sibly are glycosylated. These compounds may be of interest therapeutically, because polymyxins attain increasing attention as last-resort antibiotics against multiresistant pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the volatilomes of DSM 32781 and M1 were investigated with a GC-MS approach using different cultivation media. Production of volatile organic com-pounds (VOCs) was strain and medium dependent. In particular, strain M1 manifested as an effi-cient VOC-producer that exhibited formation of 25 volatiles in total. A characteristic feature of Paenibacilli is the formation of volatile pyrazine derivatives.

Mites and internal parasites associated with the common dung beetle Geotrupes (Anoplotrupes) stercorosus (Hartmann in Scriba, 1791) in Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Sulgostowska ◽  
Krzysztof Solarz ◽  
Grażyna Madej ◽  
Krzysztof Klimaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Internal Parasites ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Rich ◽  
June July

AbstractCommon dung beetles collected in the "Sobieski Forest" (eastern border of Warsaw suburbs) were examined for the occurrence and prevalence of infections or infestations with intestinal parasites and phoretic mites in relation to soil characteristics and quality of the forest habitat. Endoparasitic fauna was represented by gregarines Didymophyes paradoxa, microsporidians Plistophora geotrupina and cysticerkoids of 2 tapeworms - Ditestolepis diaphana and Staphylocystis furcate. Prevalence of these infections was higher for beetles collected from rich habitats. Acarofauna was represented by hypopodes of Sancassania geotruporum (Astigmatina, Acaridae) and the following taxa of mesostigmatic mites: Alliphis halleri, Macrocheles glaber, Parasitus coleoptratorum and unidentified juvenile Laelapidae representative. Mites were most abundant in June, July and September. They were only slightly more numerously found on dung beetles from the rich habitats. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling, MDS (2D stress = 0.13) revealed significant similarities in the distribution of mite taxa between poor and rich sites and among the investigated months (June, July and September).

The effects of dung beetle activity on the numbers of parasitic gastrointestinal helminth larvae recovered from pasture samples

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
RP Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Cattle Faeces ◽  
Onthophagus Gazella

Studies have been made of the effect of the dung beetle, Onthophagus gazella, on the release of strongyle larvae from cattle faeces onto pasture. A series of faecal pats containing parasitic nematode eggs was placed on pasture, and beetles were added to some pats to give three levels of beetle activity, viz. 100 g, 200-250 g, and 500 g of faeces per pair of beetles. These pats were duplicated on irrigated and non-irrigated pasture. In both cases the numbers of strongyle larvae migrating from pats attacked by dung beetles were significantly less than those migrating from control pats containing no dung beetles. Compared with larval recoveries from control pats, the percentage reduction in numbers of larvae migrating from pats on irrigated pasture was 50% for pats of 100 g faeces per pair of beetles, 48 % for pats of 200-250 g faeces per pair, and 84% for pats of 500 g of faeces per pair. The respective figures for pats on nonirrigated pasture were 76, 86, and 93 % reduction in larval numbers. The results indicated that strongyle larvae migrated from faecal material buried by dung beetles, provided soil moisture was adequate. More larvae were recovered from the pasture surrounding irrigated faecal pats attacked by beetles than from the non-irrigated pats. During warm dry weather, surface faecal debris remaining after beetlc attack appeared to be helminthologically sterile.

Antifungal Activities (In vitro) of Some Plant Extracts and Smoke on Four Fungal Pathogens of Different Hosts

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahidul Alam ◽  
Nargis Akhter ◽  
Most. Ferdousi Begum ◽  
M. Sabina Banu . ◽  
M. Rafiqul Islam . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Activities

scholarly journals The Rolling of Food by Dung Beetles Affects the Oviposition of Competing Flies

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Manuel Ix-Balam ◽  
Maria A. Oliveira ◽  
Júlio Louzada ◽  
Jeremy McNeil ◽  
Eraldo Lima
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Oviposition Sites

Flies are the main competitors of dung beetles for oviposition sites and rolling dung beetles relocate their food to reduce interspecific competition. Furthermore, dung beetles deposit chemical substances on the food ball that may repel fly larvae and certain predators. In the present study, using Deltochilum furcatum, a dung beetle that does not exhibit parental care and the blow-fly, Lucilia cuprina, we tested the hypothesis that pygidial secretions deposited on the food ball could also make it less attractive as an oviposition site for flies. Food balls rolled by either D. furcatum males or females received significantly fewer eggs that balls that had not been rolled by beetles. Also, flies laid significantly fewer eggs on food balls treated with secretions collected from male pygidial glands. Reduced fly oviposition may be a direct effect of compounds the beetles deposited, acting as an allomone, and/or an indirect negative effect on the microbial community that stimulates fly oviposition. A model of the reproductive biology of this species is proposed.

scholarly journals Census of the Viral Metagenome within an Activated Sludge Microbial Assemblage

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 2673-2677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa C. Parsley ◽  
Erin J. Consuegra ◽  
Stephen J. Thomas ◽  
Jaysheel Bhavsar ◽  
Andrew M. Land ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Microbial Assemblage ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Culture Dependent

ABSTRACT The viral metagenome within an activated sludge microbial assemblage was sampled using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods and compared to the diversity of activated sludge bacterial taxa. A total of 70 unique cultured bacterial isolates, 24 cultured bacteriophages, 829 bacterial metagenomic clones of 16S rRNA genes, and 1,161 viral metagenomic clones were subjected to a phylogenetic analysis.

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