scholarly journals Intestinal Colonization with Tropheryma whipplei—Clinical and Immunological Implications for HIV Positive Adults in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1781
Author(s):  
Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt ◽  
Fred Stephen Sarfo ◽  
Eva-Maria Klupp ◽  
Albert Dompreh ◽  
Veronica Di Cristanziano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Status ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tropheryma Whipplei ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Positive Adults ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: Recent studies demonstrated higher prevalence rates of Tropheryma whipplei (T. whipplei) in HIV positive than in HIV negative subjects. However, associations with the immune status in HIV positive participants were conflicting. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, stool samples of 906 HIV positive and 98 HIV negative individuals in Ghana were tested for T. whipplei. Additionally, sociodemographic parameters, clinical symptoms, medical drug intake, and laboratory parameters were assessed. Results: The prevalence of T. whipplei was 5.85% in HIV positive and 2.04% in HIV negative participants. Within the group of HIV positive participants, the prevalence reached 7.18% in patients without co-trimoxazole prophylaxis, 10.26% in subjects with ART intake, and 12.31% in obese participants. Frequencies of clinical symptoms were not found to be higher in HIV positive T. whipplei carriers compared to T. whipplei negative participants. Markers of immune activation were lower in patients colonized with T. whipplei. Multivariate regression models demonstrated an independent relationship of a high CD4+ T cell count, a low HIV-1 viral load, and an obese body weight with the presence of T. whipplei. Conclusions: Among HIV positive individuals, T. whipplei colonization was associated with a better immune status but not with clinical consequences. Our data suggest that the withdrawal of co-trimoxazole chemoprophylaxis among people living with HIV on stable cART regimen may inadvertently increase the propensity towards colonization with T. whipplei.

Prevalence of COVID-19-like Symptoms among People Living with HIV, and Using Antiretroviral Therapy for Prevention and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi ◽  
Maryam Ghadimi ◽  
Mahboubeh Hajiabdolbaghi ◽  
Mehrnaz Rasoolinejad ◽  
Ladan Abbasian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: COVID-19 has spread globally with remarkable speed, and currently, there is limited data available exploring any aspect of the intersection between HIV and SARSCoV- 2 co-infection. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of clinical symptoms associated with COVID-19 among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Tehran, Iran. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 200 PLWH were recruited through the positive club via sampling, and completed the symptom-based questionnaire for COVID-19, which was delivered by trained peers. Results: Of 200 participants, respiratory symptoms, including cough, sputum, and shortness of breath, were the most prevalent among participants, but only one person developed symptoms collectively suggested COVID-19 and sought treatments. Conclusions: It appears that existing infection with HIV or receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) might reduce the susceptibility to the infection with SARS-CoV-2 or decrease the severity of the infection acquired. Further research is needed to understand causal mechanisms.

scholarly journals Anolunula in Fingernails among Patients Infected with HIV

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Pratik Gahalaut ◽  
Nitin Mishra ◽  
Sandhya Chauhan ◽  
Mir Mubashir Ali ◽  
Madhur Kant Rastogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Negative

Lunula is the white, half-moon shaped area seen in proximal ends of some nails. Though a few studies have described the nail changes that can occur in association with HIV infection, none of these paid much attention to lunula. Aims and Objectives. To study the lunula in fingernails among HIV infected patients. Materials and Methods. An observational, cross-sectional study to record presence of lunula in 168 HIV-positive patients and compare it with age and sex matched 168 healthy HIV-negative control. Anolunula (absence of lunula) in HIV-positive patients was correlated with CD4 counts, stages of HIV infection, time since patient was diagnosed as HIV-positive, and status of antiretroviral therapy. Results. Anolunula was present in significantly more fingernails in HIV-positive patients compared to HIV-negative controls. There was a highly significant difference for total anolunula (anolunula in all fingernails) in study and control group. Incidence of total anolunula was directly proportional to the stage of HIV infection, increasing progressively as the HIV infection advances from stage 1 to stage 4. Conclusion. Absence of lunula is related to not only HIV infection per se but also the stages of HIV infection.

High viremia and Poor Immunity are Potential Surrogates of Anti-toxoplasmic Immunoglobulin G Quantification among HIV-Infected Individuals: A Cross-sectional Study in Yaoundé, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude Christelle Ka'e ◽  
Samuel Martin Sosso ◽  
Joseph Fokam ◽  
Rachel Kamgaing Simo ◽  
Sara Riwom Essama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Common Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background: Toxoplasmosis remains a neglected common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals, who are mainly people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in whom reactivation of toxoplasmosis may occur with advanced HIV conditions in resource-limited settings (RLS). Our objective was to evaluate the correlation between the anti-toxoplasmic IgG (Tg-IgG) concentration and the immuno-virological status of PLWHIV.Methods : A prospective and cross-sectional study was conducted among PLWHIV aged>18 years from February to November 2018 at the Chantal BIYA international Reference Centre. Blood samples were collected from eligible consenting PLWHIV; Tg-IgG level was assessed by quantitative ELISA, CD4-T lymphocytes counts were measured by flow cytometry and HIV-1 plasma viral load (PVL) measurement by real-time-PCR. Data were analysed using Excel and Graph Pad softwares; with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.Results : A total of 100 PLWHIV were enrolled: 56% seropositive for IgG anti- Toxoplasma gondii, 33% seronegative and 11% indeterminate results. According to viremia, 100% (19/19) of those with PVL>1000 copies/mL were seropositive to Tg-IgG versus 52.85% (37/70) of those with PVL<1000 copies/mL (median [IQR] IgG concentration 152.78 [139.24-444.43] versus 34.44 [13.04-36.47] IU/mL, respectively); p<0.0001. According to CD4, 100% (11/11) of those with T-CD4<200 cells/µL were seropositive to Tg-IgG versus 57.69% (45/78) of those with T-CD4>200 cells/µL (median IgG [IQR] 432.92 [145.06-450.47] versus 35.01 [15.01-38.01] IU/mL, respectively); p<0.0001. Interestingly, there were moderate-positive and strong-negative correlations respectively with HIV-1 PVL (r = 0.54; p<0.0001) and T-CD4 (r = -0.70; p<0.0001) as compared to Tg-IgG concentration. After adjusting for age, gender, immune status and PVL in logistic regression, only poor immune status (T-CD4<200 cells/µL) was independently associated to Tg-IgG seropositivity (p=0.0004).Conclusion : In a typical RLS like Cameroon, about half of PLWHIV might be seropositive to Tg-IgG. Of relevance, decreasing immunity appears with risk of increasing IgG anti- T gondii concentration, which suggests a relapse of toxoplasmosis. Thus, in the context of immunodeficiency, routine quantification of Tg-IgG would alleviate the programmatic burden of this opportunistic infection in RLS with generalized HIV epidemics.

scholarly journals Comorbidity of HIV, hypertension, and diabetes and associated factors among people receiving antiretroviral therapy in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 2235042X1989931
Author(s):  
Zenebework Getahun ◽  
Muluken Azage ◽  
Taye Abuhay ◽  
Fantu Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Positive Adults

Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are facing an increased burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) comorbidity. There is, however, paucity of information on the magnitude of HIV-NCDs comorbidity, its associated factors, and how the health system is responding to the double burden in Ethiopia. Objective: To determine the magnitude of comorbidity between HIV and hypertension or diabetes and associated factors among HIV-positive adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 560 randomly selected HIV-positive adults taking ART. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. A logistic regression model was fit to identify associated factors with comorbidity of HIV and NCDs. Results: The magnitude of comorbidity was 19.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 16.0–23.0). Being older (55 and above years) adjusted odds ratio (AOR: 8.5; 95% CI: 3.2–15.1), taking second-line ART regimen containing tenofovir (AOR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.3–5.6), and increased body mass index (BMI) ≥25 (AOR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2–6.5) were the factors associated with comorbidity. Participants reported that they were not managed in an integrated and coordinated manner. Conclusions: The magnitude of comorbidity among adults was high in the study area. Being older, second-line ART regimen and high BMI ≥25 increased the odds of having NCDs among HIV-positive adults. Targeted screening for the incidences of NCDs, addressing modifiable risk factors, and providing integrated care would help to improve the quality of life comorbid patients.

scholarly journals Cancer in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults in South Africa: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tafadzwa G Dhokotera ◽  
Julia Bohlius ◽  
Matthias Egger ◽  
Adrian Spoerri ◽  
Jabulani Ncayiyana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Objective: To determine the spectrum of cancers in AYAs living with HIV in South Africa compared to their HIV negative peers. Design: Cross sectional study with cancer data provided by the National Cancer Registry and HIV data from the National Health Laboratory Service. Setting and participants: The NHLS is the largest provider of pathology services in the South African public sector with an estimated coverage of 80%. The NCR is a division of the NHLS. We included AYAs (aged 10-24 years) diagnosed with cancer by public health sector laboratories between 2004 and 2014 (n=8 479). We included 3 672 in the complete case analysis. Primary and secondary outcomes: We used linked NCR and NHLS data to determine the spectrum of cancers by HIV status in AYAs. We also used multivariable logistic regression to describe the association of cancer in AYAs with HIV, adjusting for age, sex (as appropriate), ethnicity, and calendar period. Due to the large proportion of unknown HIV status we also imputed (post-hoc) the missing HIV status. Results: From 2004-2014, 8 479 AYAs were diagnosed with cancer, HIV status was known for only 45% (n=3812); of those whose status was known, about half were HIV positive (n=1853). AYAs living with HIV were more likely to have Kaposi's sarcoma (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 218, 95% CI 89.9-530), cervical cancer (aOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.23-3.89), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.69-2.66), and anogenital cancers other than cervix (aOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.27-5.86). About 44% (n=1 062) of AYAs with HIV related cancers had not been tested for HIV, though they were very likely to have the disease. Conclusions: Cancer burden in AYAs living with HIV in South Africa could be reduced by screening young women for cervical cancer and vaccinating them against human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence of syphilis in people living with HIV/AIDS: A Hospital based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Suresh Jaiswal ◽  
Laxman Banstola ◽  
Manisha Shrestha ◽  
Srijana Sapkota ◽  
Sujan Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease is one of the oldest diseases caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, has been a major public health concern worldwide. The aim is to find out the prevalence of syphilis and its risk factors among people with HIV at Western Regional hospital in Nepal. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at one of the largest public hospitals in Western Region of Nepal. A consecutive 90 HIV-positive patients were recruited prospectively from December 2016 to February 2017. Blood samples and data on sociodemographic and risk factors were collected. Serum were diagnosed for syphilis using Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test. Results: The prevalence of syphilis infection was 12.2% in HIV positive participants. Syphilis occurred exclusively in male 7 comparatively 4 in female. Seropositivity of syphilis was seen higher in married than unmarried HIV infected individuals. Syphilis prevalence seems to increase with increasing age, with the highest rate in the age group 35–50 years. A decreasing rate of syphilis was observed with increasing educational level, where illiterate HIV-positive participants had higher infection compared with those having at least a certificate. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of syphilis in people with HIV infection demands the need to target this people to prevent the transmission of both infections. Testing for all HIV-infected people for syphilis and management of the infected would have clinical and epidemiological importance.

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