scholarly journals Molecular Subtyping of Blastocystis sp. Isolated from Farmed Animals in Southern Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1656
Author(s):  
Simona Gabrielli ◽  
Marialetizia Palomba ◽  
Federica Furzi ◽  
Emanuele Brianti ◽  
Gabriella Gaglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blastocystis Sp

Blastocystis is a common intestinal protist distributed worldwide, infecting humans and a wide range of domestic and wild animals. It exhibits an extensive genetic diversity and, so far, 25 distinct small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) lineages termed subtypes (STs)) have been characterized; among them, 12 have thus far been reported in humans. The aims of the present study were to detect and genetically characterize Blastocystis sp. in synantropic animals to improve our current knowledge on the distribution and zoonotic transmission of Blastocystis STs in Italy. Samples were collected from N = 193 farmed animals and submitted to DNA extraction and PCR amplification of the SSU rRNA. Blastocystis was detected in 60 samples (31.08%) and successfully subtyped. Phylogenetic analysis evidenced that the isolates from fallow deer, goats, and pigs (N = 9) clustered within the ST5; those from pheasants (N = 2) in the ST6; those from chickens (N = 8) in the ST7; those from sheep (N = 6) in the ST10; and those from water buffaloes (N = 9) in the ST14 clade. The comparison between the present isolates from animals and those previously detected in humans in Italy suggested the animal-to-human spillover for ST6 and ST7. The present study represents the widest Blastocystis survey performed thus far in farmed animals in Italy. Further epidemiological studies using molecular approaches are required to determine the occurrence and distribution of Blastocystis STs in other potential animal reservoirs in Italy and to define the pathways of zoonotic transmission.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Blastocystis from animals in Italy: subtypes distribution and implications for the zoonotic transmission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Gabrielli ◽  
Federica Furzi ◽  
Emanuele Brianti ◽  
Gabriella Gaglio ◽  
Ettore Napoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
Wild Carnivores ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Animal Hosts

Abstract Background: Blastocystis is a common intestinal protist distributed worldwide infecting humans and a wide range of domestic and wild animals. It exhibits an extensive genetic diversity and so far, 26 subtypes (STs) have been identified in animal hosts, ten of them (ST1-ST9 and ST12) reported in humans with varying prevalence. Since several STs are common to humans and animals it has been proposed that a proportion of human infections may have a zoonotic origin. Aims of the present study were to: 1) genetically detect Blastocystis in faecal samples of farmed animals and wild carnivores; 2) investigate the distribution of Blastocystis STs in different animal hosts; 3) provide a first study on the Blastocystis STs circulating between animals and humans in Italy.Methods: Fresh faecal samples (N=269) were collected from carnivores and farmed animals in different Italian provinces and submitted to genomic DNA extraction and PCR amplification followed by both sequence and phylogenetic analysis (Neighbour Joining and Maximum Parsimony)Results: Blastocystis was detected in 50% of the farmed animals (42 out of 84), and 19 of them were successfully subtyped. Conversely, all the faecal samples (N=185) from domestic and wild carnivores (dogs, cats, foxes) tested in the present study, resulted negative. Phylogenetic analysis showed the finding of ST5, ST7, ST9 and ST10 in the samples from animals. The comparison with sequences of Blastocystis STs previously detected from humans in Italy showed the ST7, as a potential source of zoonotic transmission.Conclusions: The present study represents the widest epidemiological survey so far performed in animals in Italy. Further epidemiological studies using molecular approaches are required to determine the occurrence and distribution of Blastocystis STs in other potential animal reservoirs and to define the pathways of zoonotic transmission.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Cryptosporidium Infection in Java Sparrows (Lonchura oryzivora) in Northern China

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-Xia Yao ◽  
Xiao-Xuan Zhang ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Jian-Gang Ma ◽  
Wen-Bin Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
And Control

Cryptosporidiosis is a cosmopolitan parasitosis that affects a wide range of hosts including birds. As information concerning Cryptosporidium in birds is limited, the present study examined the prevalence and genotypes of Cryptosporidium in Java sparrows in Beijing and Shangqiu, northern China. Three hundred and fifty fecal samples were collected from Java sparrows (Lonchura oryzivora, 225 white Java sparrows and 125 gray Java sparrows) in Beijing and Shangqiu in October 2015, and the samples were examined by PCR amplification of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. The overall Cryptosporidium prevalence is 13.42% (47/350), with 16.44% (37/225) in white Java sparrows and 8.00% (10/125) in gray Java sparrows. Cryptosporidium prevalence was 9.82% (16/163) in Java sparrows from Beijing and 16.58% (31/187) in Java sparrows from Shangqiu. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in females and males was 40.63% (26/64) and 7.34% (21/286), respectively. The Cryptosporidium prevalence in Java sparrows of different ages varied from 10.47% to 16.33%. Sequence analysis of the SSU rRNA gene revealed that all the samples represented C. baileyi. This is the first report of Cryptosporidium in gray Java sparrows in China, which extend the host range for C. baileyi. These results provide baseline information for further studies of molecular epidemiology and control of Cryptosporidium infection in poultry in China.

scholarly journals A new framework for the study of apicomplexan diversity across environments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier del Campo ◽  
Thierry Heger ◽  
Raquel Rodríguez-Martínez ◽  
Alexandra Z. Worden ◽  
Thomas A. Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Microbial Eukaryotes ◽  
Living Environments

Apicomplexans are a group of microbial eukaryotes that contain some of the most well-studied parasites, including widespread intracellular pathogens of mammals such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium (the agent of malaria), and emergent pathogens like Cryptosporidium and Babesia. Decades of research have illuminated the pathogenic mechanisms, molecular biology, and genomics of model apicomplexans, but we know surprisingly little about their diversity and distribution in natural environments. In this study we analyze the distribution of apicomplexans across a range of both host-associated and free-living environments, covering animal hosts from cnidarians to mammals, and ecosystems from soils to fresh and marine waters. Using publicly available small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene databases, high-throughput environmental sequencing (HTES) surveys such as Tara Oceans and VAMPS, as well as our own generated HTES data, we developed an apicomplexan reference database, which includes the largest apicomplexan SSU rRNA tree available to date and encompasses comprehensive sampling of this group and their closest relatives. This tree allowed us to identify and correct incongruences in the molecular identification of sequences, particularly within the hematozoans and the gregarines. Analyzing the diversity and distribution of apicomplexans in HTES studies with this curated reference database also showed a widespread, and quantitatively important, presence of apicomplexans across a variety of free-living environments. These data allow us to describe a remarkable molecular diversity of this group compared with our current knowledge, especially when compared with that identified from described apicomplexan species. This revision is most striking in marine environments, where potentially the most diverse apicomplexans apparently exist, but have not yet been formally recognized. The new database will be useful for both microbial ecology and epidemiological studies, and provide valuable reference for medical and veterinary diagnosis especially in cases of emerging, zoonotic, and cryptic infections.

scholarly journals Detection of Pneumocystis in lungs of bats from Brazil by PCR amplification

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Maria Cavallini Sanches ◽  
Susi M. Pacheco ◽  
Alison S. Cericatto ◽  
Rosane M. Melo ◽  
Edson Molleta Colodel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Tadarida Brasiliensis ◽  
Desmodus Rotundus ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Wide Range

Pneumocystis has been isolated from a wide range of unrelated mammalian hosts, including humans, domestic and wild animals. It has been demonstrated that the genome of Pneumocystis of one host differs markedly from that of other hosts. Also, variation in the chromosome and DNA sequence of Pneumocystis within a single host species has been observed. Since information about the occurrence and nature of infections in wild animals is still limited, the objective of this work was to detect the presence of Pneumocystis sp. in lungs of bats from two states from Brazil by Nested-PCR amplification. The bats, captured in caves and in urban areas, were obtained from the Program of Rabies Control of two States in Brazil, Mato Grosso and Rio Grande do Sul, located in the Mid-Western and Southern regions of the country, respectively. DNAs were extracted from 102 lung tissues and screened for Pneumocystis by nested PCR at the mtLSU rRNA gene and small subunit of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (mtSSU rRNA). Gene amplification was performed using the mtLSU rRNA, the primer set pAZ102H - pAZ102E and pAZ102X - pAZY, and the mtSSU rRNA primer set pAZ102 10FRI - pAZ102 10R-RI and pAZ102 13RI - pAZ102 14RI. The most frequent bats were Tadarida brasiliensis (25), Desmodus rotundus (20), and Nyctinomops laticaudatus (19). Pneumocystis was more prevalent in the species Nyctinomops laticaudatus (26.3% = 5/19), Tadarida brasiliensis (24% = 6/25), and Desmodus rotundus (20% = 4/20). Besides these species, Pneumocystis also was detected in lungs from Molossus molossus (1/11, 9.1%), Artibeus fimbriatus (1/1, 100%), Sturnira lilium (1/3, 33.3%), Myotis levis (2/3, 66.7%)and Diphylla ecaudata (1/2, 50%). PCR products which could indicate the presence of Pneumocystis (21.56%) were identified in DNA samples obtained from 8 out of 16 classified species from both states (5 bats were not identified). This is the first report of detection of Pneumocystis in bats from Brazil.

scholarly journals Molecular identification and subtyping of Blastocystis sp. in laboratory rats in China

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Junqiang Li ◽  
Yueyue Yuan ◽  
Yuxi Jiang ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Liqin Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Blastocystis Sp

Blastocystis sp. is a ubiquitous protist that has been frequently reported in humans and animals worldwide. A total of 355 fecal samples of experimental rats were collected from four laboratory rearing facilities in China, and Blastocystis sp. was detected by PCR amplification of the partial small subunit ribosomal (SSU) rRNA gene. Twenty-nine (8.2%, 29/355) samples were positive for Blastocystis sp., with the highest infection rate (20.7%, 24/116) in rats of the Zhengzhou1, followed by that in the Zhengzhou2 (5.0%, 2/40), Shenyang (3.0%, 3/100) and Wuhan (0) rearing facilities. Among the three rat strains, Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats had higher infection rates (11.3%, 17/151) compared to Wistar rats (8.7%, 9/104) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats (3.0%, 3/100). Two Blastocystis sp. subtypes (ST4 and ST7) were identified. ST4 was the predominant subtype detected in 26 samples (89.7%). A phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the sequences of ST4 and ST7 obtained in this study were clustered with their reference subtypes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Blastocystis sp. in experimental rats in China. Pathogen infections in laboratory animals need to be monitored due to fecal-oral transmission.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of genotypes and subtypes of Cryptosporidium infection in diarrheic calves, lambs, and goat kids from Turkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hazzaz Bin Kabir ◽  
Onur Ceylan ◽  
Ceylan Ceylan ◽  
Ayman Ahmed Shehata ◽  
Hironori Bando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Cryptosporidium Infection ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background: Cryptosporidium spp. are enteric protozoan parasites that infect a wide range of animals as well as humans. The studies on Cryptosporidium infections of animals in Turkey are mostly rely on microscopic observation. Few data are available regarding the distribution of Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtypes infection. The aim of this study is to analyse the zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium oocysts shed from young ruminant livestock. Methods: A total of 415 diarrheic fecal specimens from 333 calves, 67 lambs, and 15 goat kids were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts by microscopy. Microscopic positive specimens were then analyzed for Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtypes detection by use of nested PCR of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene and the highly polymorphic 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene followed by sequence analyses. Results: The results of this study revealed that 25.6% (106 of 415) of the specimens were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. infection by microscopic examination and molecular analysis. We identified 27.4% (91/333), 19.4% (13/67), and 13.4% (2/15) of positivity in calves, lambs and goat kids, respectively. Genotyping of the SSU rRNA indicated that almost all positive specimens were of C . parvum , except for one calf which was of C. bovis . Sequence analysis of the gp60 gene revealed the most common zoonotic subtypes (IIa and IId) of C . parvum. We detected 11 subtypes (IIaA11G2R1, IIaA11G3R1, IIaA12G3R1, IIaA13G2R1, IIaA13G4R1, IIaA14G1R1, IIaA14G3R1, IIaA15G2R1, IIdA16G1, IIdA18G1, IIdA22G1); three of them (IIaA12G3R1, IIaA11G3R1 and IIaA13G4R1) was novel subtypes found in calves and lambs. Additionally, three subtypes (IIaA11G2R1, IIaA14G3R1, and IIdA16G1) were detected in calves, lambs, and goat kid for the first time in Turkey. Conclusions: The findings illustrate the high occurrence of Cryptosporidium infection in Turkey and suggest that calves, lambs, and goat kids are likely a major reservoir of C. parvum and a potential source of zoonotic transmission, which may have public health implications. Keywords: Calves, C. bovis, C. parvum , Cryptosporidium , Diarrhea, Goat kids, Lambs, Subtypes, Turkey.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Characterization of Blastocystis sp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Cattle in Northern Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Nadia Abarca ◽  
Mónica Santín ◽  
Sheila Ortega ◽  
Jenny G. Maloney ◽  
Nadja S. George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Blastocystis Sp

Some enteric parasites causing zoonotic diseases in livestock have been poorly studied or even neglected. This is the case in stramenopile Blastocystis sp. and the microsporidia Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Spain. This transversal molecular epidemiological survey aims to estimate the prevalence and molecular diversity of Blastocystis sp. and E. bieneusi in cattle faecal samples (n = 336) in the province of Álava, Northern Spain. Initial detection of Blastocystis and E. bieneusi was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing of the small subunit (ssu) rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, respectively. Intra-host Blastocystis subtype diversity was further investigated by next generation amplicon sequencing (NGS) of the ssu rRNA gene in those samples that tested positive by conventional PCR. Amplicons compatible with Blastocystis sp. and E. bieneusi were observed in 32.1% (108/336, 95% CI: 27.2–37.4%) and 0.6% (2/336, 95% CI: 0.0–1.4%) of the cattle faecal samples examined, respectively. Sanger sequencing produced ambiguous/unreadable sequence data for most of the Blastocystis isolates sequenced. NGS allowed the identification of 10 Blastocystis subtypes including ST1, ST3, ST5, ST10, ST14, ST21, ST23, ST24, ST25, and ST26. All Blastocystis-positive isolates involved mixed infections of 2–8 STs in a total of 31 different combinations. The two E. bieneusi sequences were confirmed as potentially zoonotic genotype BEB4. Our data demonstrate that Blastocystis mixed subtype infections are extremely frequent in cattle in the study area. NGS was particularly suited to discern underrepresented subtypes or mixed subtype infections that were undetectable or unreadable by Sanger sequencing. The presence of zoonotic Blastocystis ST1, ST3, and ST5, and E. bieneusi BEB4 suggest cross-species transmission and a potential risk of human infection/colonization.

scholarly journals Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolates from breeding cattery cats in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511691774523
Author(s):  
Yoichi Ito ◽  
Yuko Iijima ◽  
Naoyuki Itoh ◽  
Yuya Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Triose Phosphate ◽  
Multilocus Genotyping ◽  
Faecal Samples

Objectives The present study reports the multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolates from cats maintained in breeding catteries in Japan and discusses their potential for zoonotic transmission. Methods A total of 41 faecal samples positive for Giardia-specific antigen were procured from cats maintained in five breeding catteries and subjected to PCR to amplify four gene loci, namely small subunit ribosomal RNA ( SSU rRNA), glutamate dehydrogenase ( gdh), beta-giardin ( bg) and triose phosphate isomerase ( tpi ). The PCR-amplified DNA fragments were sequenced to determine the G duodenalis genotypes (synonym for assemblages). Results The most commonly occurring single assemblage was assemblage F (68.3%; n = 28/41), followed by assemblage A (12.2%; n = 5/41) and assemblage C (2.4%; n = 1/41). The mixed assemblages were identified as follows: assemblages F and A (9.8%; n = 4/41), assemblages F and C (4.9%; n = 2/41) and assemblages C and D (2.4%; n = 1/41). Additional sub-genotyping of assemblage A isolates based on three of the sequenced loci ( gdh, bg and tpi ) revealed that all eight isolates were identified as sub-assemblage AI and/or AII. Conclusions and relevance The present study is the first to report the detection of dog-adapted assemblages C and D in feline isolates from Japan. In addition, zoonotic sub-assemblage AI and human-adapted sub-assemblage AII were also identified. Thus, we concluded that the risk of transmission of G duodenalis from breeding cattery cats to humans is considerable and cannot be ignored.

scholarly journals Sequence and Secondary Structure of the Mitochondrial Small-Subunit rRNA V4, V6, and V9 Domains Reveal Highly Species-Specific Variations within the GenusAgrocybe

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 4149-4160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Gonzalez ◽  
Jacques Labarère
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Variable Domain ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACT A comparative study of variable domains V4, V6, and V9 of the mitochondrial small-subunit (SSU) rRNA was carried out with the genusAgrocybe by PCR amplification of 42 wild isolates belonging to 10 species, Agrocybe aegerita, Agrocybe dura, Agrocybe chaxingu, Agrocybe erebia,Agrocybe firma, Agrocybe praecox,Agrocybe paludosa, Agrocybe pediades,Agrocybe alnetorum, and Agrocybe vervacti. Sequencing of the PCR products showed that the three domains in the isolates belonging to the same species were the same length and had the same sequence, while variations were found among the 10 species. Alignment of the sequences showed that nucleotide motifs encountered in the smallest sequence of each variable domain were also found in the largest sequence, indicating that the sequences evolved by insertion-deletion events. Determination of the secondary structure of each domain revealed that the insertion-deletion events commonly occurred in regions not directly involved in the secondary structure (i.e., the loops). Moreover, conserved sequences ranging from 4 to 25 nucleotides long were found at the beginning and end of each domain and could constitute genus-specific sequences. Comparisons of the V4, V6, and V9 secondary structures resulted in identification of the following four groups: (i) group I, which was characterized by the presence of additional P23-1 and P23-3 helices in the V4 domain and the lack of the P49-1 helix in V9 and included A. aegerita,A. chaxingu, and A. erebia; (ii) group II, which had the P23-3 helix in V4 and the P49-1 helix in V9 and included A. pediades; (iii) group III, which did not have additional helices in V4, had the P49-1 helix in V9 and includedA. paludosa, A. firma, A. alnetorum, and A. praecox; and (iv) group IV, which lacked both the V4 additional helices and the P49-1 helix in V9 and included A. vervacti and A. dura. This grouping of species was supported by the structure of a consensus tree based on the variable domain sequences. The conservation of the sequences of the V4, V6, and V9 domains of the mitochondrial SSU rRNA within species and the high degree of interspecific variation found in the Agrocybe species studied open the way for these sequences to be used as specific molecular markers of the Basidiomycota.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characterization of Cryptosporidium Species in Tibetan Antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Yuan Qin ◽  
He-Ting Sun ◽  
Chuang Lyu ◽  
Jun-Hui Zhu ◽  
Zhen-Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tibetan Antelope

Cryptosporidium is an enteric apicomplexan parasite, which can infect multiple mammals including livestock and wildlife. Tibetan Antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) is one of the most famous wildlife species, that belongs to the first class protected wild animals in China. However, it has not been known whether Tibetan Antelope is infected with Cryptosporidium so far. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and characterization of Cryptosporidium species infection in Tibetan Antelope and the corresponding species by using molecular biological method. In the current study, a total of 627 fecal samples were randomly collected from Tibetan Antelope in the Tibet Autonomous Region (2019–2020), and were examined by PCR amplification of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. Among 627 samples, 19 (3.03%, 19/627) were examined as Cryptosporidium-positive, with 7 (2.33%, 7/300) in females and 12 (3.67%, 12/327) in males. The analysis of SSU rRNA gene sequence suggested that only two Cryptosporidium species, namely, C. xiaoi and C. ubiquitum, were identified in this study. This is the first evidence for an existence of Cryptosporidium in Tibetan Antelope. These findings extend the host range for Cryptosporidium spp. and also provide important data support for prevention and control of Cryptosporidium infection in Tibetan Antelope.

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