scholarly journals Bacteriophages of Thermophilic ‘Bacillus Group’ Bacteria—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1522
Author(s):  
Beata Łubkowska ◽  
Joanna Jeżewska-Frąckowiak ◽  
Ireneusz Sobolewski ◽  
Piotr M. Skowron
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Geobacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Thermophilic Bacillus ◽  
Large Genome ◽  
Terrestrial Hot Springs ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Siphoviridae Family

Bacteriophages of thermophiles are of increasing interest owing to their important roles in many biogeochemical, ecological processes and in biotechnology applications, including emerging bionanotechnology. However, due to lack of in-depth investigation, they are underrepresented in the known prokaryotic virosphere. Therefore, there is a considerable potential for the discovery of novel bacteriophage-host systems in various environments: marine and terrestrial hot springs, compost piles, soil, industrial hot waters, among others. This review aims at providing a reference compendium of thermophages characterized thus far, which infect the species of thermophilic ‘Bacillus group’ bacteria, mostly from Geobacillus sp. We have listed 56 thermophages, out of which the majority belong to the Siphoviridae family, others belong to the Myoviridae and Podoviridae families and, apparently, a few belong to the Sphaerolipoviridae, Tectiviridae or Corticoviridae families. All of their genomes are composed of dsDNA, either linear, circular or circularly permuted. Fourteen genomes have been sequenced; their sizes vary greatly from 35,055 bp to an exceptionally large genome of 160,590 bp. We have also included our unpublished data on TP-84, which infects Geobacillus stearothermophilus (G. stearothermophilus). Since the TP-84 genome sequence shows essentially no similarity to any previously characterized bacteriophage, we have defined TP-84 as a new species in the newly proposed genus Tp84virus within the Siphoviridae family. The information summary presented here may be helpful in comparative deciphering of the molecular basis of the thermophages’ biology, biotechnology and in analyzing the environmental aspects of the thermophages’ effect on the thermophile community.

scholarly journals Microbial Diversity of Terrestrial Geothermal Springs in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1473
Author(s):  
Ani Saghatelyan ◽  
Armine Margaryan ◽  
Hovik Panosyan ◽  
Nils-Kåre Birkeland
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Geothermal Springs ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Terrestrial Hot Springs

The microbial diversity of high-altitude geothermal springs has been recently assessed to explore their biotechnological potential. However, little is known regarding the microbiota of similar ecosystems located on the Armenian Highland. This review summarizes the known information on the microbiota of nine high-altitude mineralized geothermal springs (temperature range 25.8–70 °C and pH range 6.0–7.5) in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. All these geothermal springs are at altitudes ranging from 960–2090 m above sea level and are located on the Alpide (Alpine–Himalayan) orogenic belt, a seismically active region. A mixed-cation mixed-anion composition, with total mineralization of 0.5 mg/L, has been identified for these thermal springs. The taxonomic diversity of hot spring microbiomes has been examined using culture-independent approaches, including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), 16S rRNA gene library construction, 454 pyrosequencing, and Illumina HiSeq. The bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Firmicutes are the predominant life forms in the studied springs. Archaea mainly include the phyla Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, and Thaumarchaeota, and comprise less than 1% of the prokaryotic community. Comparison of microbial diversity in springs from Karvachar with that described for other terrestrial hot springs revealed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Deinococcus–Thermus are the common bacterial groups in terrestrial hot springs. Contemporaneously, specific bacterial and archaeal taxa were observed in different springs. Evaluation of the carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen metabolism in these hot spring communities has revealed diversity in terms of metabolic activity. Temperature seems to be an important factor in shaping the microbial communities of these springs. Overall, the diversity and richness of the microbiota are negatively affected by increasing temperature. Other abiotic factors, including pH, mineralization, and geological history, also impact the structure and function of the microbial community. More than 130 bacterial and archaeal strains (Bacillus, Geobacillus, Parageobacillus, Anoxybacillus, Paenibacillus, Brevibacillus Aeribacillus, Ureibacillus, Thermoactinomyces, Sporosarcina, Thermus, Rhodobacter, Thiospirillum, Thiocapsa, Rhodopseudomonas, Methylocaldum, Desulfomicrobium, Desulfovibrio, Treponema, Arcobacter, Nitropspira, and Methanoculleus) have been reported, some of which may be representative of novel species (sharing 91–97% sequence identity with their closest matches in GenBank) and producers of thermozymes and biomolecules with potential biotechnological applications. Whole-genome shotgun sequencing of T. scotoductus K1, as well as of the potentially new Treponema sp. J25 and Anoxybacillus sp. K1, were performed. Most of the phyla identified by 16S rRNA were also identified using metagenomic approaches. Detailed characterization of thermophilic isolates indicate the potential of the studied springs as a source of biotechnologically valuable microbes and biomolecules.

Differential temperature and pH controls on the abundance and composition of H-GDGTs in terrestrial hot springs

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengling Jia ◽  
Chuanlun L. Zhang ◽  
Wei Xie ◽  
Jin-Xiang Wang ◽  
Fuyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Terrestrial Hot Springs

Marine-influenced microbial communities inhabit terrestrial hot springs on a remote island volcano

Extremophiles ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy C. Stewart ◽  
Valerie K. Stucker ◽  
Matthew B. Stott ◽  
Cornel E. J. de Ronde
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
Terrestrial Hot Springs

scholarly journals Identification of a New Heavy-Metal-Resistant Strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus Isolated from a Hydrothermally Active Volcanic Area in Southern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2678
Author(s):  
Rosanna Puopolo ◽  
Giovanni Gallo ◽  
Angela Mormone ◽  
Danila Limauro ◽  
Patrizia Contursi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Thermophilic Bacterium ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Geobacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

Microorganisms thriving in hot springs and hydrothermally active volcanic areas are dynamically involved in heavy-metal biogeochemical cycles; they have developed peculiar resistance systems to cope with such metals which nowadays can be considered among the most permanent and toxic pollutants for humans and the environment. For this reason, their exploitation is functional to unravel mechanisms of toxic-metal detoxification and to address bioremediation of heavy-metal pollution with eco-sustainable approaches. In this work, we isolated a novel strain of the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus from the solfataric mud pool in Pisciarelli, a well-known hydrothermally active zone of the Campi Flegrei volcano located near Naples in Italy, and characterized it by ribotyping, 16S rRNA sequencing and mass spectrometry analyses. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) toward several heavy-metal ions indicated that the novel G. stearothermophilus isolate is particularly resistant to some of them. Functional and morphological analyses suggest that it is endowed with metal resistance systems for arsenic and cadmium detoxification.

scholarly journals Spatial Metagenomics of Three Geothermal Sites in Pisciarelli Hot Spring Focusing on the Biochemical Resources of the Microbial Consortia

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 4023
Author(s):  
Roberta Iacono ◽  
Beatrice Cobucci-Ponzano ◽  
Federica De Lise ◽  
Nicola Curci ◽  
Luisa Maurelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Geothermal Activity ◽  
Terrestrial Hot Springs ◽  
Metagenomic Study ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation

Terrestrial hot springs are of great interest to the general public and to scientists alike due to their unique and extreme conditions. These have been sought out by geochemists, astrobiologists, and microbiologists around the globe who are interested in their chemical properties, which provide a strong selective pressure on local microorganisms. Drivers of microbial community composition in these springs include temperature, pH, in-situ chemistry, and biogeography. Microbes in these communities have evolved strategies to thrive in these conditions by converting hot spring chemicals and organic matter into cellular energy. Following our previous metagenomic analysis of Pisciarelli hot springs (Naples, Italy), we report here the comparative metagenomic study of three novel sites, formed in Pisciarelli as result of recent geothermal activity. This study adds comprehensive information about phylogenetic diversity within Pisciarelli hot springs by peeking into possible mechanisms of adaptation to biogeochemical cycles, and high applicative potential of the entire set of genes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism in this environment (CAZome). This site is an excellent model for the study of biodiversity on Earth and biosignature identification, and for the study of the origin and limits of life.

scholarly journals Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense, sp. nov., a thermophilic hydrogen-oxidizing microaerophile from terrestrial hot springs in the Azores

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Aguiar ◽  
T. J. Beveridge ◽  
A.-L. Reysenbach
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Likelihood Analysis ◽  
Distinct Lineage ◽  
Terrestrial Hot Springs ◽  
Rrna Phylogeny

Five hydrogen-oxidizing, thermophilic, strictly chemolithoautotrophic, microaerophilic strains, with similar (99–100 %) 16S rRNA gene sequences were isolated from terrestrial hot springs at Furnas, São Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal. The strain, designated Az-Fu1T, was characterized. The motile, 0·9–2·0 μm rods were Gram-negative and non-sporulating. The temperature growth range was from 50 to 73 °C (optimum at 68 °C). The strains grew fastest in 0·1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6, although growth was observed from pH 5·5 to 7·0. Az-Fu1T can use elemental sulfur, sulfite, thiosulfate, ferrous iron or hydrogen as electron donors, and oxygen (0·2–9·0 %, v/v) as electron acceptor. Az-Fu1T is also able to grow anaerobically, with elemental sulfur, arsenate and ferric iron as electron acceptors. The Az-Fu1T G+C content was 33·6 mol%. Maximum-likelihood analysis of the 16S rRNA phylogeny placed the isolate in a distinct lineage within the Aquificales, closely related to Sulfurihydrogenibium subterraneum (2·0 % distant). The 16S rRNA gene of Az-Fu1T is 7·7 % different from that of Persephonella marina and 6·8 % different from Hydrogenothermus marinus. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics presented here, it is proposed that Az-Fu1T belongs to the recently described genus Sulfurihydrogenibium. It is further proposed that Az-Fu1T represents a new species, Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense.

Diversity of Crenarchaeota in terrestrial hot springs in Tengchong, China

Extremophiles ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Qi Song ◽  
Jing-Quan Chen ◽  
Hong-Chen Jiang ◽  
En-Min Zhou ◽  
Shu-Kun Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Terrestrial Hot Springs

scholarly journals Metabolic versatility in a modern lineage of cyanobacteria from terrestrial hot springs

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 224-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Momper ◽  
Eileen Hu ◽  
Kelsey R. Moore ◽  
Emilie J. Skoog ◽  
Madeline Tyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Metabolic Versatility ◽  
Terrestrial Hot Springs
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