scholarly journals The Role of the Respiratory Microbiome and Viral Presence in Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Severity in the First Five Years of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1446
Author(s):  
Ivo Hoefnagels ◽  
Josephine van de Maat ◽  
Jeroen J.A. van Kampen ◽  
Annemarie van Rossum ◽  
Charlie Obihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Microbiome

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children are common and, although often mild, a major cause of mortality and hospitalization. Recently, the respiratory microbiome has been associated with both susceptibility and severity of LRTI. In this current study, we combined respiratory microbiome, viral, and clinical data to find associations with the severity of LRTI. Nasopharyngeal aspirates of children aged one month to five years included in the STRAP study (Study to Reduce Antibiotic prescription in childhood Pneumonia), who presented at the emergency department (ED) with fever and cough or dyspnea, were sequenced with nanopore 16S-rRNA gene sequencing and subsequently analyzed with hierarchical clustering to identify respiratory microbiome profiles. Samples were also tested using a panel of 15 respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which were analyzed in two groups, according to their reported virulence. The primary outcome was hospitalization, as measure of disease severity. Nasopharyngeal samples were isolated from a total of 167 children. After quality filtering, microbiome results were available for 54 children and virology panels for 158 children. Six distinct genus-dominant microbiome profiles were identified, with Haemophilus-, Moraxella-, and Streptococcus-dominant profiles being the most prevalent. However, these profiles were not found to be significantly associated with hospitalization. At least one virus was detected in 139 (88%) children, of whom 32.4% had co-infections with multiple viruses. Viral co-infections were common for adenovirus, bocavirus, and enterovirus, and uncommon for human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and influenza A virus. The detection of enteroviruses was negatively associated with hospitalization. Virulence groups were not significantly associated with hospitalization. Our data underlines high detection rates and co-infection of viruses in children with respiratory symptoms and confirms the predominant presence of Haemophilus-, Streptococcus-, and Moraxella-dominant profiles in a symptomatic pediatric population at the ED. However, we could not assess significant associations between microbiome profiles and disease severity measures.

scholarly journals Did admissions caused by respiratory infections and asthma decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Onay ◽  
Deniz Mavi ◽  
Yetkin Ayhan ◽  
Sinem Can Oksay ◽  
Gulay Bas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: COVID-19 outbreak lead to nationwide lockdown on the March 16th, 2020 in Turkey. We aimed to quantitively determine the change in frequency of upper and lower respiratory tract infections and asthma in pediatric population associated with COVID-19. Methods: The electronic medical record data of pediatric population admitted to the emergency department (ED), outpatient and inpatient clinics and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) were analyzed with the diagnosis of Influenza, upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URTI, LRTI) acute bronchiolitis and asthma. The data of the first year of the pandemic was compared with the previous year. Results: In total 112496 admissions were made between April 1, 2019 and March 31, 2021 in our hospital. A decline was observed in ED admissions (-73%) and outpatient clinic (-70%) visits, hospitalizations (-41.5%) and PICU admissions (-42%). The admissions with the diagnosis of Influenza and URTI had a decline from 4.26% to 0.37% (p=0.0001), and from 81.54% to 75.62% (p=0.0001), respectively. An increase was observed in the LRTI, acute bronchiolitis and asthma (from 8.22% to 10.01% (p=0.0001), from 2.76% to 3.07% (p=0.027) and from 5.96% to 14% (p=0.0001), respectively). Conclusions: A dramatic decrease was observed in the number of admissions to ED and inpatient clinics and outpatient clinic visits and PICU admissions, and, when the rates of admissions were compared, the general rate of admissions to ED showed a decrease while inpatient, outpatient clinics and PICU admissions demonstrated an increase during the pandemic.

scholarly journals QuickVue Influenza Test for Rapid Detection of Influenza A and B Viruses in a Pediatric Population

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Quach ◽  
Diane Newby ◽  
Ghislaine Daoust ◽  
Earl Rubin ◽  
Jane McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Lateral Flow Immunoassay ◽  
Viral Transport ◽  
Viral Transport Medium ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT The performance of a lateral-flow immunoassay, the QuickVue Influenza Test, for detection of influenza A and B viruses in comparison with that of cell culture was evaluated by using nasopharyngeal aspirates, in viral transport medium, from children with respiratory tract infections. The sensitivity and specificity were 79.2 and 82.6%, respectively.

scholarly journals Ozonated Air Therapy for the Treatment of Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections as a Potential Therapy for Prevention and Treatment of Covid 19 Infection

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Sagar A. Jawale
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Inhalation Therapy ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: In India and worldwide, there are millions of cases of acute respiratory infections annually killing hundreds of thousand people. It also has billions of dollars of losses worldwide. There are frequent outbreaks of deadly infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in Mexico in March 2009, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 and the current pandemic with Novel CoronaVirus -Covid19. I did my research to find a common effective, safe, and cheap therapynamed as Ozonated air inhalation therapy (OAIT) for respiratory infections. Materials and methods: In the last one year, I treated 21 patients (group A) with upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URTI and LRTI) with 0.1 ppm Ozonated air inhalation therapy (OAIT). OAIT was given as a monotherapy. In the same time period, 36 patients (group B) were given conventional treatment in the form of antibiotics, anti-histaminic and analgesics kept as control.

scholarly journals Use of MMP-8 and MMP-9 to assess disease severity in children with viral lower respiratory tract infections

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1471-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim H. Brand ◽  
Inge M.L. Ahout ◽  
Ronald de Groot ◽  
Adilia Warris ◽  
Gerben Ferwerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Dysbiosis Precedes the Development of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Young Infants: a longitudinal infant cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rotem Lapidot ◽  
Tyler Faits ◽  
Arshad Ismail ◽  
Mushal Allam ◽  
Zamantungwak T.H Khumalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Causal Pathway ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Infants suffering from lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) have distinct nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiome profiles that correlate with severity of disease. Whether these profiles precede the infection or a consequence of it, is unknown. In order to answer this question, longitudinal studies are needed. Methods: We conducted an analysis of a longitudinal prospective cohort study of 1,981 Zambian mother-infant pairs who underwent NP sampling from 1-week through 14-weeks of age at 2-3-week intervals. Ten of the infants in the cohort developed LRTI and were matched 3:1 with healthy comparators. We completed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the samples each of these infants contributed, as well as from baseline samples of the infants’ mothers, and characterized the normal maturation of the healthy infant NP microbiome, compared to infants who developed LRTI.Results: The infant NP microbiome maturation was characterized by transitioning from Staphylococcus dominant to respiratory-genera dominant profiles during the first three months of life, similar to what is described in the literature. Interestingly, infants who developed LRTI had NP dysbiosis before infection, in most cases as early as the first week of life. Dysbiosis was characterized by the presence of Novosphingobium,Delftia, high relative abundance of Anaerobacillus, Bacillus, and low relative abundance of Dolosigranulum, compared to the healthy controls. Mothers of infants with LRTI also had low relative abundance of Dolosigranulum in their baseline samples compared to mothers of infants that did not develop an LRTI.Conclusions: Our results suggest that NP microbiome dysbiosis precedes LRTI in young infants and may be present in their mothers as well. Early dysbiosis may play a role in the causal pathway leading to LRTI or could be a marker of other pathogenic forces that directly lead to LRTI.Funding: This work was supported by The Southern Africa Mother Infant Pertussis Study – Nasopharyngeal Carriage (SAMIPS-NPC). PI Gill. Funder NIH/NIAID (1R01AI133080). WEJ and TF were supported by funds from the NIH, U01CA220413 and R01GM127430.

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