scholarly journals Methods for the Manipulation of Herpesvirus Genome and the Application to Marek’s Disease Virus Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1260
Author(s):  
Yifei Liao ◽  
Kanika Bajwa ◽  
Sanjay M. Reddy ◽  
Blanca Lupiani
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Virus Research ◽  
Herpesvirus Genome ◽  
Genome Manipulation

Herpesviruses are a group of double-strand DNA viruses that infect a wide range of hosts, including humans and animals. In the past decades, numerous methods have been developed to manipulate herpesviruses genomes, from the introduction of random mutations to specific genome editing. The development of genome manipulation methods has largely advanced the study of viral genes function, contributing not only to the understanding of herpesvirus biology and pathogenesis, but also the generation of novel vaccines and therapies to control and treat diseases. In this review, we summarize the major methods of herpesvirus genome manipulation with emphasis in their application to Marek’s disease virus research.

scholarly journals Marek's Disease Virus Encodes MicroRNAs That Map to meq and the Latency-Associated Transcript

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (17) ◽  
pp. 8778-8786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Burnside ◽  
Erin Bernberg ◽  
Amy Anderson ◽  
Cheng Lu ◽  
Blake C. Meyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Secondary Structure Analysis ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (∼22-nucleotide) regulatory molecules that block translation or induce degradation of target mRNAs. These have been identified in a wide range of organisms, including viruses. In particular, the oncogenic gammaherpesviruses Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus encode miRNAs that could potentially regulate either viral or host genes. To determine if Marek's disease virus (MDV), an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus of chickens, encodes miRNAs, we isolated small RNAs from MDV-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and used the 454 Life Sciences sequencing technology to obtain the sequences of 13,679 candidate host and viral small RNAs. Eight miRNAs were found, five of which flank the meq oncogene and three that map to the latency-associated transcript (LAT) region of the genome. The meq gene is unique to pathogenic serotypes of MDV and is transcriptionally active during latency and transformation, and the LAT region of the MDV genome is antisense to the immediate-early gene ICP4. Secondary structure analysis predicted that the regions flanking the miRNAs could form hairpin precursors. Northern blot analysis confirmed expression of all miRNAs in MDV-infected CEF, MDV-induced tumors, and MDV lymphoblastoid cell lines. We propose that the MDV miRNAs function to enable MDV pathogenesis and contribute to MDV-induced transformation of chicken T cells.

Isolation and identification of Marek’s disease virus (MDV) from feather follicle epithelium and internal organs of diseased chickens in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Aly El-Kenawy ◽  
Mohamed El-Tholoth ◽  
Emad A
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Feather Follicle ◽  
Positive Results

In the present study, a total of 16 samples including feather follicle epithelium, ovary, spleen and kidney (4 samples for each organ) were collected from diseased chicken flocks suspected to be infected with Marek’s disease virus (MDV) at Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during the period from October 2016 to October 2017. Each sample was pooled randomly from three to five birds (90 to 360 days old). The isolation of the suspected virus from the collected samples was carried out via chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) of 12 days old embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). Three egg passages were carried out for each sample. Hyperimmune serum was prepared against standard MDV. MDV in both field and egg passaged samples (after 3rd passage) was identified by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Molecular identification of virus was carried out by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real- time PCR in four selected samples. The results revealed that 14 samples (87.5%) including 4 (100%) samples from feather follicle epithelium, ovary and kidney and 2 (50%) samples from spleen, showed positive results in virus isolation after 3rd passage. The positive results percentage by AGPT for field samples were 50% (8 out of 16 samples), while after the 3rd passage in ECEs were 37.5% (6 out of 16 samples) and the positive results percentage by IFAT for field samples were 62.5% (10 out of 16 samples), while after the 3rd passage in ECEs were 81.25 % (13 out of 16 samples). Viral nucleic acid was detected in all selected samples by conventional and real- time PCR. The results indicate that feather follicle epithelium is the best organ for MDV detection. IFAT is superior over AGPT in virus detection. Conventional and real - time PCR could be efficiently used for molecular detection of the virus.

scholarly journals Comprehensive profiling analysis of the N6-methyladenosine-modified circular RNA transcriptome in cultured cells infected with Marek’s disease virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aijun Sun ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Shuaikang Yang ◽  
Xiaojing Zhu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Pathway Analyses ◽  
Profiling Analysis

AbstractMarek’s disease virus (MDV) induces severe immunosuppression and lymphomagenesis in the chicken, its natural host, and results in a condition that investigated the pathogenesis of MDV and have begun to focus on the expression profiling of circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, little is known about how the expression of circRNAs is referred to as Marek’s disease. Previous reports have is regulated during MDV replication. Here, we carried out a comprehensive profiling analysis of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on the circRNA transcriptome in infected and uninfected chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF) cells. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-Seq) revealed that m6A modification was highly conserved in circRNAs. Comparing to the uninfected group, the number of peaks and conserved motifs were not significantly different in cells that were infected with MDV, although reduced abundance of circRNA m6A modifications. However, gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that the insulin signaling pathway was associated with the regulation of m6A modified circRNAs in MDV infection. This is the first report to describe alterations in the transcriptome-wide profiling of m6A modified circRNAs in MDV-infected CEF cells.

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