scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Resistance Genes in Genus Aeromonas spp. Isolated from the Environment and Rainbow Trout of Two Fish Farms in France

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1201
Author(s):  
Niki Hayatgheib ◽  
Ségolène Calvez ◽  
Catherine Fournel ◽  
Lionel Pineau ◽  
Hervé Pouliquen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Trout Farms ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
The Impact

This study presents the occurrence and abundance of Aeromonas antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and genes (ARGs) isolated from water, biofilm and fish in two commercial trout farms before and one week after flumequine treatment. Wild (WT) and non-wild (NWT) strains were determined for quinolones (flumequine, oxolinic acid and enrofloxacin), oxytetracycline (OXY), florfenicol (FFN), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP) and colistin (COL), and pMAR (presumptive multi-resistant) strains were classified. Forty-four ARGs for the mentioned antibiotics, β-lactams and multi-resistance were quantified for 211 isolates. BlaSHV-01, mexF and tetE were the dominant ARGs. A greater occurrence and abundance of tetA2, sul3, floR1, blaSHV-01 and mexF were observed for NWT compared to WT. The occurrence of pMAR and NWT Aeromonas for quinolones, OXY, FFN, TMP, COL and ARGs depended on the Aeromonas origin, antibiotic use and the presence of upstream activities. Our results revealed the impact of a flumequine treatment on Aeromonas present on a fish farm through an increase in NWT and pMAR strains. The link between fish and their environment was shown by the detection of identical ARB and ARGs in the two types of samples. There appears to be a high risk of resistance genes developing and spreading in aquatic environments.

scholarly journals Tetracycline-Resistant Bacteria Selected from Water and Zebrafish after Antibiotic Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3218
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Almeida ◽  
Marta Tacão ◽  
Joana Soares ◽  
Inês Domingues ◽  
Isabel Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Significant Mortality

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens due to worldwide antibiotic use is raising concern in several settings, including aquaculture. In this work, the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was evaluated after exposure of zebrafish to oxytetracycline (OTC) for two months, followed by a recovery period. The selection of ARB in water and fish was determined using selective media. The abundance of tetA genes was estimated through qPCR. Higher prevalence of ARB was measured in all samples exposed to the antibiotic when compared to control samples, although statistical significance was only achieved five days after exposure. Isolates recovered from samples exposed to the antibiotic were affiliated with Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas. Various antibiotic susceptibility profiles were detected and 37% of the isolates displayed multidrug resistance (MDR). The selection of the tetA gene was confirmed by qPCR at the highest OTC concentration tested. Two MDR isolates, tested using zebrafish embryos, caused significant mortality, indicating a potential impact on fish health and survival. Overall, our work highlights the potential impact of antibiotic contamination in the selection of potential pathogenic ARB and ARGS.

scholarly journals Impacts of florfenicol on the microbiota landscape and resistome as revealed by metagenomic analysis

Microbiome ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qifan Zeng ◽  
Chao Liao ◽  
Jeffery Terhune ◽  
Luxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Drug-resistant fish pathogens can cause significant economic loss to fish farmers. Since 2012, florfenicol has become an approved drug for treating both septicemia and columnaris diseases in freshwater fish. Due to the limited drug options available for aquaculture, the impact of the therapeutical florfenicol treatment on the microbiota landscape as well as the resistome present in the aquaculture farm environment needs to be evaluated. Results Time-series metagenomic analyses were conducted to the aquatic microbiota present in the tank-based catfish production systems, in which catfish received standard therapeutic 10-day florfenicol treatment following the federal veterinary regulations. Results showed that the florfenicol treatment shifted the structure of the microbiota and reduced the biodiversity of it by acting as a strong stressor. Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, and 13 other phyla were susceptible to the florfenicol treatment and their abundance was inhibited by the treatment. In contrast, the abundance of several bacteria belonging to the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia phyla increased. These bacteria with increased abundance either harbor florfenicol-resistant genes (FRGs) or had beneficial mutations. The florfenicol treatment promoted the proliferation of florfenicol-resistant genes. The copy number of phenicol-specific resistance genes as well as multiple classes of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) exhibited strong correlations across different genetic exchange communities (p < 0.05), indicating the horizontal transfer of florfenicol-resistant genes among these bacterial species or genera. Florfenicol treatment also induced mutation-driven resistance. Significant changes in single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequencies were observed in membrane transporters, genes involved in recombination, and in genes with primary functions of a resistance phenotype. Conclusions The therapeutical level of florfenicol treatment significantly altered the microbiome and resistome present in catfish tanks. Both intra-population and inter-population horizontal ARG transfer was observed, with the intra-population transfer being more common. The oxazolidinone/phenicol-resistant gene optrA was the most prevalent transferred ARG. In addition to horizontal gene transfer, bacteria could also acquire florfenicol resistance by regulating the innate efflux systems via mutations. The observations made by this study are of great importance for guiding the strategic use of florfenicol, thus preventing the formation, persistence, and spreading of florfenicol-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in aquaculture.

scholarly journals Assessment of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance Transfer in the Gut

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Schjørring ◽  
Karen A. Krogfelt
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Multiresistant Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Strains

We assessed horizontal gene transfer between bacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. During the last decades, the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains and treatment failures of bacterial infections have increased the public awareness of antibiotic usage. The use of broad spectrum antibiotics creates a selective pressure on the bacterial flora, thus increasing the emergence of multiresistant bacteria, which results in a vicious circle of treatments and emergence of new antibiotic resistant bacteria. The human gastrointestinal tract is a massive reservoir of bacteria with a potential for both receiving and transferring antibiotic resistance genes. The increased use of fermented food products and probiotics, as food supplements and health promoting products containing massive amounts of bacteria acting as either donors and/or recipients of antibiotic resistance genes in the human GI tract, also contributes to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains. This paper deals with the assessment of antibiotic resistance gene transfer occurring in the gut.

scholarly journals Withdraw of prophylactic antimicrobials does not change resistome in pigs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Loayza Villa ◽  
Alejandro Torres ◽  
Lixin Zhang ◽  
Gabriel Trueba
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Human Microbiota ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The use of antimicrobials in the animal industry has increased the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antimicrobial-resistance genes which can be transferred to human microbiota through the food chain or the environment. To reduce the influx of antibiotic-resistance to the human microbiota, restrictions on antimicrobials (in food animals) have been implemented in different countries. We investigated the impact of an antimicrobial restriction on the frequency of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in pigs (PCI 1050) from an Ecuadorian farm. Results: No differences in antimicrobial resistant coliforms or antimicrobial resistance genes (richness and abundance) were found when we compared animals fed with or without antibiotics. Nevertheless, the absence of antimicrobials in pigs didn’t impact the productive performance of animals. Conclusion: Fitness costs of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria within intestinal microbiota of animals seems to be overestimated. Avoiding antimicrobials as prophylactics in pigs fed is not enough to control maintenance and spread of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Microbiota analysis of rural and urban surface waters and sediments in Bangladesh identifies human waste as driver of antibiotic resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Stuart McInnes ◽  
Md. Hassan uz-Zaman ◽  
Imam Taskin Alam ◽  
Siu Fung Stanley Ho ◽  
Robert A. Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Urban Surface ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

AbstractIn many low- and middle-income countries antibiotic resistant bacteria spread in the environment due to inadequate treatment of wastewater and the poorly regulated use of antibiotics in agri- and aquaculture. Here we characterised the abundance and diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in surface waters and sediments in Bangladesh through quantitative culture of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing coliforms and shotgun metagenomics. Samples were collected from highly urbanised settings (n = 7), from rural ponds with a history of aquaculture-related antibiotic use (n = 11) and from rural ponds with no history of antibiotic use (n = 6). ESBL-producing coliforms were found to be more prevalent in urban samples than in rural samples. Shotgun sequencing showed that sediment samples were dominated by the phylum Proteobacteria (on average 73.8% of assigned reads), while in the water samples Cyanobacteria (on average 60.9% of assigned reads) were the predominant phylum. Antibiotic resistance genes were detected in all samples, but their abundance varied 1,525-fold between sites, with the highest levels of antibiotic resistance genes being present in urban surface water samples. We identified an IncQ1 sulphonamide resistance plasmid ancestral to the widely studied RSF1010 in one of the urban water samples. The abundance of antibiotic resistance genes was significantly correlated (R2 = 0.73; P = 8.9 × 10−15) with the abundance of bacteria originating from the human gut, which suggests that the release of untreated sewage is a driver for the spread of environmental antibiotic resistance genes in Bangladesh, particularly in highly urbanised settings.ImportanceLow- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have higher burdens of multidrug-resistant infections than high-income countries and there is thus an urgent need to elucidate the drivers of the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in LMICs. Here we study the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in surface water and sediments from rural and urban settings in Bangladesh. We found that urban surface waters are particularly rich in antibiotic resistance genes, with a higher number of them associated with plasmids indicating that they are more likely to spread horizontally. The abundance of antibiotic resistance genes was strongly correlated with the abundance of bacteria that originate from the human gut, suggesting that uncontrolled release of human waste is a major driver for the spread of antibiotic resistance in the urban environment. Improvements in sanitation in LMICs may thus be a key intervention to reduce the dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-resistant microbiota of water and soil ecosystems as risk factors for human health

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
T. Yu. Matylonok ◽  
O. Ye. Pakhomov ◽  
N. M. Polishchuck
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
The World ◽  
Resistant Strains

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the three major health challenges of the 21st century. One of the most important reasons for the acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment is the irrational and uncontrolled use of antibacterial drugs, not only for medical but also other purposes, and their improper disposal. The microbiome of aquatic and soil ecosystems is characterized by the acquisition of antibiotic resistance through mobile genetic elements, contact with antibacterial drugs and their residues, the action of heavy metals and environmental stress. Also, according to the literature, it is noted that the resistance of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs in the environment existed much earlier than in clinical strains. These facts can not help but worry, because antibiotic-resistant strains of the environment have an extremely negative impact on human health. Once in the human body with water and food, they significantly complicate and / or make it impossible to further treat life-threatening diseases. Also, antibacterial residues circulating in aquatic and soil ecosystems, entering the human body can cause cancer, allergic reactions or disruption of the natural intestinal microflora. These ecosystems are characterized by large-scale spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, antibacterial drugs and their residues. The aim of our work was to analyze with the help of theoretical methods of scientific research the reasons for the acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance among environmental microbiota, namely in aquatic and soil ecosystems. To determine the impact of antibiotic-resistant bacteria of these ecosystems on human health. We have found that antibacterial drugs, antibiotic-resistant strains and resistance genes are a particular problem for wastewater treatment. Antibiotics can provide a selective load, as the mechanisms that break them down can promote resilience and selectively enrich. Wastewater treatment plants can be a favorable factor for the horizontal transfer of genes and the development of bacterial polyresistance, and high-resistance genes can be preserved even after disinfection. Soil is also an important reservoir for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. Microorganisms are in a constant struggle for existence in this ecosystem and try to colonize the micro-scale with the most favorable for their ecotype habitat. Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria are in close contact with other members of the microbiota, which in turn promotes the horizontal transfer of resistance genes, even between cells of different species or genera through genetic determinants. Conclusion: ecosystems are characterized by large-scale spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, antibacterial drugs and their residues. Therefore, this problem should be properly addressed, as the presence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, antibacterial drugs and their residues in the environment can cause unpredictable environmental consequences and adversely affect human health with more severe incurable infectious diseases. Monitoring programs for antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and resistance genes in soil and aquatic ecosystems are necessary and very relevant today. After all, this microbiota poses a serious threat to both the environment and human health and can easily spread from one part of the world around the world.

scholarly journals Withdraw of prophylactic antimicrobials does not change the pigs’ resistome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loayza-Villa Fernanda ◽  
Torres Alejandro ◽  
Zhang Lixin ◽  
Trueba Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe use of antimicrobials in the animal industry has increased the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant commensal bacteria in food products derived from animals, which could be associated with antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens. To reduce the influx of antibiotic resistant bacteria (and genes) to the human microbiota, restrictions on antimicrobials (in food animals) have been implemented in different countries. We investigated the impact of antimicrobial restriction in the frequency of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in pigs. No differences in antimicrobial resistance or antimicrobial resistance genes (richness or abundance) was found when we compared animals fed with and without antibiotics. Fitness costs of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria (in the field) seems to be overestimated.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model of the Impact of a Nonantibiotic Treatment forClostridium difficileon the Endemic Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in a Hospital Setting

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Grima ◽  
Glenn F. Webb ◽  
Erika M. C. D'Agata
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
The Impact

Introduction.Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is treated using antibiotics, which often leads to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). This study estimated the impact of a non antibiotic treatment for CDAD on VRE prevalence.Methods. A previously published model describing the impact of in-hospital antibiotic use on VRE prevalence was adapted to include CDAD treatment. Simulations compared the prevalence of VRE when nonantibiotic versus antibiotic therapy was used.Results. Nonantibiotic treatment in 50% of CDAD patients resulted in an 18% relative reduction in the prevalence of VRE colonization compared with antibiotic use only. Sensitivity analysis found the model to be most sensitive to rates of antibiotic initiation and discontinuation, prevalence of VRE in admitted patients, length of stay of colonized patients, probability of CDAD acquisition, and hand-washing compliance.Conclusion. Nonantibiotic treatment of patients hospitalized with CDAD may significantly reduce the incidence of VRE colonization.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document