scholarly journals Morinagadepsin, a Depsipeptide from the Fungus Morinagamyces vermicularis gen. et comb. nov.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1191
Author(s):  
Karen Harms ◽  
Frank Surup ◽  
Marc Stadler ◽  
Alberto Miguel Stchigel ◽  
Yasmina Marin-Felix
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Mammalian Cell Lines ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The new genus Morinagamyces is introduced herein to accommodate the fungus Apiosordaria vermicularis as inferred from a phylogenetic study based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the nuclear rDNA large subunit (LSU), and partial fragments of ribosomal polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2) and β-tubulin (tub2) genes. Morinagamyces vermicularis was analyzed for the production of secondary metabolites, resulting in the isolation of a new depsipeptide named morinagadepsin (1), and the already known chaetone B (3). While the planar structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry, the absolute configuration of the building blocks Ala, Val, and Leu was determined as -l by Marfey’s method. The configuration of the 3-hydroxy-2-methyldecanyl unit was assigned as 22R,23R by J-based configuration analysis and Mosher’s method after partial hydrolysis of the morinagadepsin to the linear derivative compound 2. Compound 1 showed cytotoxic activity against the mammalian cell lines KB3.1 and L929, but no antimicrobial activity against the fungi and bacteria tested was observed, while 2 was inactive. Compound 3 was weakly cytotoxic against the cell line L929, but did not show any antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Assignment of the Fungicolous Hypoxylon invadens (Ascomycota, Xylariales) and Investigation of its Secondary Metabolites

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Becker ◽  
Christopher Lambert ◽  
Jörg Wieschhaus ◽  
Marc Stadler
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Submerged Cultivation ◽  
Preparative Chromatography ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
And Function

The ascomycete Hypoxylon invadens was described in 2014 as a fungicolous species growing on a member of its own genus, H.fragiforme, which is considered a rare lifestyle in the Hypoxylaceae. This renders H.invadens an interesting target in our efforts to find new bioactive secondary metabolites from members of the Xylariales. So far, only volatile organic compounds have been reported from H.invadens, but no investigation of non-volatile compounds had been conducted. Furthermore, a phylogenetic assignment following recent trends in fungal taxonomy via a multiple sequence alignment seemed practical. A culture of H.invadens was thus subjected to submerged cultivation to investigate the produced secondary metabolites, followed by isolation via preparative chromatography and subsequent structure elucidation by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). This approach led to the identification of the known flaviolin (1) and 3,3-biflaviolin (2) as the main components, which had never been reported from the order Xylariales before. Assessment of their antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects via a panel of commonly used microorganisms and cell lines in our laboratory did not yield any effects of relevance. Concurrently, genomic DNA from the fungus was used to construct a multigene phylogeny using ribosomal sequence information from the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the 28S large subunit of ribosomal DNA (LSU), and proteinogenic nucleotide sequences from the second largest subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and β-tubulin (TUB2) genes. A placement in a newly formed clade with H.trugodes was strongly supported in a maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogeny using sequences derived from well characterized strains, but the exact position of said clade remains unclear. Both, the chemical and the phylogenetic results suggest further inquiries into the lifestyle of this unique fungus to get a better understanding of both, its ecological role and function of its produced secondary metabolites hitherto unique to the Xylariales.

Parasola psathyrelloides (Psathyrellaceae), a new species from Kerala State, India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 405 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
K. G. GREESHMA GANGA ◽  
PATINJAREVEETTIL MANIMOHAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
A New Species

Parasola psathyrelloides sp. nov. is described from Kerala State, India, based on both morphological and molecular data. Comprehensive description, photographs, and comparisons with morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species are provided. Sequences of both the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nLSU) region of the new species were obtained and used in BLASTn searches. The phylogenetic study was based on Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of the ITS sequences.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Trees of Aecial-Stage Rust Fungus, Puccinia paederiae (Dietel) Gorlenko Causing Gall on Paederia linearis Hook f.

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 739-752
Author(s):  
Wuttiwat JITJAK ◽  
Niwat SANOAMUANG
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region

A rust fungus, Puccinia paederiae (Dietel) Gorlenko causing galls on the stem of the skunk vine (Paederia linearis Hook. f. var. linealis and P. linealis var. palida (Craib) Puff) was collected for phylogenetic study as no molecular data was exclusively available for this fungus. Three regions of ribosomal DNA sequences, small subunit (SSU), large subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1) were employed. The results of maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods suggested that among the trees with these sequences, this fungus was nested in Pucciniaceae clades and Puccinia species with supportive statistical values. This is the first report on the phylogenetic analysis using multiple genes of the rust, P. paederiae.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Actions of Degraded and Native Chitosan against Spoilage Organisms in Laboratory Media and Foods

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rhoades ◽  
S. Roller
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Yeast Growth ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Spoilage Yeasts ◽  
Reductive Degradation ◽  
Papaya Latex ◽  
Mild Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine whether chitosan (poly-β-1,4-glucosamine) and hydrolysates of chitosan can be used as novel preservatives in foods. Chitosan was hydrolyzed by using oxidative-reductive degradation, crude papaya latex, and lysozyme. Mild hydrolysis of chitosan resulted in improved microbial inactivation in saline and greater inhibition of growth of several spoilage yeasts in laboratory media, but highly degraded products of chitosan exhibited no antimicrobial activity. In pasteurized apple-elderflower juice stored at 7°C, addition of 0.3 g of chitosan per liter eliminated yeasts entirely for the duration of the experiment (13 days), while the total counts and the lactic acid bacterial counts increased at a slower rate than they increased in the control. Addition of 0.3 or 1.0 g of chitosan per kg had no effect on the microbial flora of houmous, a chickpea dip; in the presence of 5.0 g of chitosan per kg, bacterial growth but not yeast growth was substantially reduced compared with growth in control dip stored at 7°C for 6 days. Improved antimicrobial potency of chitosan hydrolysates like that observed in the saline and laboratory medium experiments was not observed in juice and dip experiments. We concluded that native chitosan has potential for use as a preservative in certain types of food but that the increase in antimicrobial activity that occurs following partial hydrolysis is too small to justify the extra processing involved.

A new species and a new record of Parasola from Kerala State, India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 369 (4) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. GREESHMA GANGA ◽  
PATINJAREVEETTIL MANIMOHAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
New Record ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
Micro Structures ◽  
A New Species

Two species of Parasola, P. parvula sp. nov. and P. lilatincta are described from Kerala State, India, based on both morphology and molecular phylogeny. Descriptions with photographs of both the basidiocarps and the micro-structures and comparison with morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species are provided. Sequences of both the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nLSU) region of the two species were obtained and used in BLASTn searches. Phylogenetic study was based on Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of the ITS sequences.

scholarly journals Three New Derivatives of Zopfinol from Pseudorhypophila Mangenotii gen. et comb. nov.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Karen Harms ◽  
Andrea Milic ◽  
Alberto M. Stchigel ◽  
Marc Stadler ◽  
Frank Surup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Mammalian Cell Lines ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Markers ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Triangularia mangenotti was analyzed for the production of secondary metabolites, resulting in the isolation of known zopfinol (1) and its new derivatives zopfinol B–C (2–4), the 10-membered lactones 7-O-acetylmultiplolide A (5) and 8-O-acetylmultiplolide A (6), together with sordarin (7), sordarin B (8), and hypoxysordarin (9). The absolute configuration of 1 was elucidated by the synthesis of MPTA-esters. Compound 1 showed antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and the fungus Mucor hiemalis. While 4 was weakly antibacterial, 3 showed stronger antibiotic activity against the Gram-positive bacteria and weak antifungal activity against M. hiemalis and Rhodotorula glutinis. We furthermore observed the cytotoxicity of 1, 3 and 4 against the mammalian cell lines KB3.1 and L929. Moreover, the new genus Pseudorhypophila is introduced herein to accommodate Triangularia mangenotii together with several species of Zopfiella—Z. marina, Z. pilifera, and Z. submersa. These taxa formed a well-supported monophyletic clade in the recently introduced family Navicularisporaceae, located far from the type species of the respective original genera, in a phylogram based on the combined dataset sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the nuclear rDNA large subunit (LSU), and fragments of the ribosomal polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2) and β-tubulin (tub2) genes. Zopfiella submersa is synonymized with P. marina due to the phylogenetic and morphological similarity. The isolation of zopfinols 1–4 and sordarins 7–9 confirms the potential of this fungal order as producers of bioactive compounds and suggests these compounds as potential chemotaxonomic markers.

scholarly journals tert-Butyl Bis(4′-(Hexyloxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)carbamate

Molbank ◽  
10.3390/m1247 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. M1247
Author(s):  
Timofey N. Chmovzh ◽  
Oleg A. Rakitin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Photovoltaic Materials ◽  
Cross Coupling Reaction ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic Materials ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

New donor building blocks, i.e., triarylamino derivatives, are of great interest for the production of organic photovoltaic materials. In this communication, bis(4′-(hexyloxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)amine was synthesized in a two-step process via hydrolysis of its tert-butyl carbamate derivative. tert-Butyl bis(4′-(hexyloxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)carbamate was obtained by Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of tert-butyl bis(4-bromophenyl)carbamate and (4-(hexyloxy)phenyl)boronic acid in the presence of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0). The structure of newly synthesized compounds was established by means of elemental analysis, high resolution mass-spectrometry, 1H, 13C-NMR, IR and UV spectroscopy and mass-spectrometry.

scholarly journals A four-locus phylogeny of rib-stiped cupulate species of Helvella (Helvellaceae, Pezizales) with discovery of three new species

MycoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Xin-Cun Wang ◽  
Tie-Zhi Liu ◽  
Shuang-Lin Chen ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Wen-Ying Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 90 ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Helvella species are ascomycetous macrofungi with saddle-shaped or cupulate apothecia. They are distributed worldwide and play an important ecological role as ectomycorrhizal symbionts. A recent multi-locus phylogenetic study of the genus suggested that the cupulate group of Helvella was in need of comprehensive revision. In this study, all the specimens of cupulate Helvella sensu lato with ribbed stipes deposited in HMAS were examined morphologically and molecularly. A four-locus phylogeny was reconstructed using partial sequences of the heat shock protein 90, nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region 2, nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA and translation elongation factor 1-α genes. Three clades were revealed in Helvella sensu stricto. Twenty species were included in the analysis, of which 13 are distributed in China. Three new species, H. acetabuloides, H. sichuanensis and H. tianshanensis, are described and illustrated in detail. A neotype was designated for H. taiyuanensis. Helvella calycina is a new record for China, while Dissingia leucomelaena should be excluded from Chinese mycota. Hsp90 and ITS2 are recommended as useful supplementary barcodes for species identifications of the genus.

Organic material dissolved during oxygen-alkali pulping of hot water extracted birch sawdust

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONI LEHTO ◽  
RAIMO ALÉN
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Chemical Pulping ◽  
Black Liquors ◽  
Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Cooking Conditions

Untreated and hot water-treated birch (Betula pendula) sawdust were cooked by the oxygen-alkali method under the same cooking conditions (temperature = 170°C, liquor-to-wood ratio = 5 L/kg, and 19% sodium hydroxide charge on the ovendry sawdust). The pretreatment of feedstock clearly facilitated delignification. After a cooking time of 90 min, the kappa numbers were 47.6 for the untreated birch and 10.3 for the hot water-treated birch. Additionally, the amounts of hydroxy acids in black liquors based on the pretreated sawdust were higher (19.5-22.5g/L) than those in the untreated sawdust black liquors (14.8-15.5 g/L). In contrast, in the former case, the amounts of acetic acid were lower in the pretreated sawdust (13.3-14.8 g/L vs. 16.9-19.1 g/L) because the partial hydrolysis of the acetyl groups in xylan already took place during the hot water extraction of feedstock. The sulfur-free fractions in the pretreatment hydrolysates (mainly carbohydrates and acetic acid) and in black liquors (mainly lignin and aliphatic carboxylic acids) were considered as attractive novel byproducts of chemical pulping.

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