scholarly journals Phylogenetic Tracking of LA-MRSA ST398 Intra-Farm Transmission among Animals, Humans and the Environment on German Dairy Farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1119
Author(s):  
Tobias Lienen ◽  
Arne Schnitt ◽  
Christiane Cuny ◽  
Sven Maurischat ◽  
Bernd-Alois Tenhagen
Keyword(s):  
Core Genome ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Mrsa St398

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a major threat to human and animal health, causing difficult-to-treat infections. The aim of our study was to evaluate the intra-farm transmission of livestock-associated (LA) MRSA sequence type (ST) 398 isolates on German dairy farms. A total of 115 LA-MRSA ST398 isolates originating from animals, humans and the environment of six dairy farms were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing and core genome multilocus sequence typing. Phylogenetic clusters of high allelic similarity were detected on all dairy farms, suggesting a MRSA transmission across the different niches. On one farm, closely related isolates from quarter milk samples (QMS), suckers of calf feeders and nasal cavities of calves indicate that MRSA may be transferred by feeding contaminated milk to calves. Detection of related MRSA isolates in QMS and teat cups (4/6 farms) or QMS and human samples (3/4 farms) pointed out a transmission of MRSA between cows during the milking process and a potential zoonotic risk. In conclusion, LA-MRSA ST398 isolates may spread between animals, humans and the environment on dairy farms. Milking time hygiene and other internal biosecurity measures on farms and pre-treatment of milk before feeding it to calves may reduce the risk of MRSA transmission.

Whole-Genome Analysis of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 398 Strains Isolated From Patients With Bacteremia in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S220-S228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbin Chen ◽  
Yuyao Yin ◽  
Xiaohua Li ◽  
Shuguang Li ◽  
Hua Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Type V ◽  
Mrsa St398

Abstract Sequence type (ST) 398 is the most prevalent clone of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). To evaluate the molecular characteristics and phylogeny of Chinese ST398 isolates, 4 MRSA ST398 strains and 4 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) ST398 strains were collected from patients with bacteremia at 6 teaching hospitals in China between 1999 and 2016. Moreover, 689 ST398 genome sequences were downloaded from the GenBank database for comparison. The 4 MRSA ST398 strains were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, and 2 strains were also resistant to erythromycin. Among the 4 MSSA ST398 strains, 2 strains displayed multidrug resistance (MDR) and were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin. The accessory genome of MSSA ST398 was more diverse than that of MRSA ST398. All 4 MRSA ST398 strains carried type V staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec elements; however, MSSA ST398 carried more resistance genes than MRSA ST398. These 4 MRSA ST398 strains carried hemolysin, along with virulence genes associated with immune invasion and protease. Phylogenic analysis showed that the 4 MRSA ST398 strains clustered in 1 clade. The global ST398 phylogeny showed that ST398 was divided into an animal clade and a human clade, and the ST398 strains of this study clustered in the human clade. A small number of human strains were also present in the animal clade and vice versa, suggesting transmission of ST398 between animals and humans. In conclusion, livestock-associated MRSA ST398 has caused severe infections in Chinese hospitals, and it should therefore be paid more attention to and monitored.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of 14 Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 398 Isolates from Swine Farms in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Hau ◽  
Darrell O. Bayles ◽  
David P. Alt ◽  
Timothy S. Frana ◽  
Tracy L. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mrsa St398

ABSTRACT Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is a bacterium carried by or obtained from swine and other livestock. The initial and predominant swine-associated LA-MRSA sequence type (ST) identified is ST398. Here, we present 14 draft genome sequences from LA-MRSA ST398 isolates found in the United States.

LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN COW’S MILK PRODUCED BY FAMILY-OWNED DAIRY FARMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Benedito Menozzi
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Refrigeration is an important milk preservation method. However, milk quality may deteriorate if the product is refrigerated for long periods, mainly due to the growth of psychrotrophic bacteria. This group of microorganisms includes pathogenic genera, most notably Listeria monocytogenes. The detection of this bacterium in food is important, given its pathogenic effects on human and animal health and also its economic relevance. This study focused on detecting the presence of L. monocytogenes in milk samples collected at small family-owned dairy farms. Samples were cultivated on PALCAM and ALOA agars for microbiological analysis and a molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction was performed for the detection of L. monocytogenes. Despite the negative results obtained in both these analyses, further studies are recommended to confirm or refute the negligible effect of L. monocytogenes on small dairy farms.

Sand bedding as a reservoir for Lactococcus garvieae dissemination in dairy farms

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Eraclio ◽  
Giovanni Ricci ◽  
Paolo Moroni ◽  
Carlos Santisteban ◽  
Carme Plumed-Ferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Genome ◽  
Repetitive Element ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Core ◽  
Lactococcus Garvieae ◽  
Random Amplification ◽  
Sand Bedding ◽  
Dna Pcr

Lactococcus garvieae is now recognized as a species with clinical significance for human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of this pathogen in sand bedding and milk samples. Two farms in Minnesota with problems of clinical and subclinical mastitis due to streptococci-like organisms were selected. Twenty-four Lactococcus garvieae isolates from sand bedding and 18 isolates from quarter milk were comparatively studied using a genotypic approach. RAPD (random amplification of polymorphic DNA) PCR and REP (repetitive element palindromic) PCR experiments highlighted a similar electrophoretic profile. When genes belonging to the core genome of L. garvieae were tested through a MLRT (multilocus restriction typing), we again observed that all L. garvieae isolates coming from sand bedding and milk shared a common profile, distinguishable from previously studied representative L. garvieae strains. These data indicate that the L. garvieae isolated from sand bedding and milk originated from a few strains adapted to persist in the same habitat. This supports the hypothesis that sand bedding can represent a reservoir of L. garvieae strains and be a potential vehicle for their dissemination in dairy farms.

scholarly journals Organophosphorus and carbamates residues in milk and feedstuff supplied to dairy cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 598-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Fagnani ◽  
Vanerli Beloti ◽  
Ana Paula P. Battaglini ◽  
Karen da S. Dunga ◽  
Ronaldo Tamanini
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Feed Samples ◽  
Toxicity Effects

Considering acute and chronic toxicity effects on human and animal health caused by pesticide residues in food, this study aimed to analyze organophosphorate (OP) and carbamate (CB) in feedstuff and water destined for dairy cattle, as well as in the milk produced by these animals, through gas chromatography (GC). In the Agreste region of Pernambuco, Brazil, 30 raw milk samples and all components of the animals' diet were collected from several farms. Out of the 30 milk of milk analyzed, six (20%) were contaminated with OP, five (16.7%) with CB, and one sample with both pesticides. From 48 analyzed feed samples, 15 (31.25%) were contaminated with residues of OP, six (12.50%) with CB, and one sample was contaminated with both pesticides. Out of 16 water samples analyzed, six (37.50%) were contaminated with OP residues, but non with CB. In four dairy farms the pesticides detected in milk were compatible with the active principles found in water and/or foodstuff, suggesting them to be the source of contamination.

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci and Macrococci at the Interface of Human and Animal Health

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Karsten Becker
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
The World

The global impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal lineages on human and animal health continues, even considering the decreasing MRSA rates in some parts of the world [...]

scholarly journals Pre-Weaned Calf Rearing on Northern Irish Dairy Farms: Part 1. A Description of Calf Management and Housing Design

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1954
Author(s):  
Aaron J Brown ◽  
Gillian Scoley ◽  
Niamh O’Connell ◽  
Jamie Robertson ◽  
Amanda Browne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Hygiene Management ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
And Performance

The first few months of life are of great importance to the longevity and lifetime performance of dairy cows. The nutrition, environment and healthcare management of heifer calves must be sufficient to minimise exposure to stress and disease and enable them to perform to their genetic potential. Lack of reporting of farm management practices in Northern Ireland (NI) makes it difficult to understand where issues impacting health, welfare and performance may occur in the rearing process. The objective of this study was to investigate housing design and management practices of calves on 66 dairy farms across NI over a 3-month period and also identify areas that may cause high risk of poor health and performance in dairy calves. An initial survey was used to detail housing and management practices, with two subsequent visits to each farm used to collect animal and housing-based measurements linked to hygiene management, animal health and performance. Large variations in key elements such as weaning criteria and method, calf grouping method used, nutritional feed plane, and routine hygiene management were identified. The specification of housing, in particular ventilation and stocking density, was highlighted as a potential limiting factor for calf health and performance. Lack of measurement of nutritional inputs, hygiene management practices and calf performance was observed. This poses a risk to farmers’ ability to ensure the effectiveness of key management strategies and recognise poor calf performance and health.

Impact of animal health and welfare planning on medicine use, herd health and production in European organic dairy farms

2012 ◽  
Vol 145 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ivemeyer ◽  
G. Smolders ◽  
J. Brinkmann ◽  
E. Gratzer ◽  
B. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Medicine Use ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Organic Dairy ◽  
Organic Dairy Farms
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