scholarly journals Diversity of Plasmids and Genes Encoding Resistance to Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase in Escherichia coli from Different Animal Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Abasiofiok Ibekwe ◽  
Lisa Durso ◽  
Thomas F. Ducey ◽  
Adelumola Oladeinde ◽  
Charlene R. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Synergy Testing ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
Esbl Producers

Antimicrobial resistance associated with the spread of plasmid-encoded extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes conferring resistance to third generation cephalosporins is increasing worldwide. However, data on the population of ESBL producing E. coli in different animal sources and their antimicrobial characteristics are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential reservoirs of ESBL-encoded genes in E. coli isolated from swine, beef, dairy, and poultry collected from different regions of the United States using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Three hundred isolates were typed into different phylogroups, characterized by BOX AIR-1 PCR and tested for resistance to antimicrobials. Of the 300 isolates, 59.7% were resistant to sulfisoxazole, 49.3% to tetracycline, 32.3% to cephalothin, 22.3% to ampicillin, 20% to streptomycin, 16% to ticarcillin; resistance to the remaining 12 antimicrobials was less than 10%. Phylogroups A and B1 were most prevalent with A (n = 92, 30%) and B1 (87 = 29%). A total of nine E. coli isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers by double-disk synergy testing and multidrug resistant (MDR) to at least three antimicrobial drug classes. Using WGS, significantly higher numbers of ESBL-E. coli were detected in swine and dairy manure than from any other animal sources, suggesting that these may be the primary animal sources for ESBL producing E. coli. These isolates carry plasmids, such as IncFIA(B), IncFII, IncX1, IncX4, IncQ1, CollRNAI, Col440I, and acquired ARGs aph(6)-Id, aph(3″)-Ib, aadA5, aph(3′)-Ia, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, mphA, ermB, catA1, sul1, sul2, tetB, dfrA17. One of the E. coli isolates from swine with ST 410 was resistant to nine antibiotics and carried more than 28 virulence factors, and this ST has been shown to belong to an international high-risk clone. Our data suggests that ESBL producing E. coli are widely distributed in different animal sources, but swine and dairy cattle may be their main reservoir.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant, Including Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing and Quinolone-Resistant, Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry and Domestic Pigs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Zuhura I. Kimera ◽  
Fauster X. Mgaya ◽  
Gerald Misinzo ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana ◽  
Nyambura Moremi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

We determined the phenotypic profile of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from 698 samples (390 and 308 from poultry and domestic pigs, respectively). In total, 562 Enterobacteria were isolated. About 80.5% of the isolates were E. coli. Occurrence of E. coli was significantly higher among domestic pigs (73.1%) than in poultry (60.5%) (p = 0.000). In both poultry and domestic pigs, E. coli isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline (63.5%), nalidixic acid (53.7%), ampicillin (52.3%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (50.9%). About 51.6%, 65.3%, and 53.7% of E. coli were MDR, extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), and quinolone-resistant, respectively. A total of 68% of the extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers were also resistant to quinolones. For all tested antibiotics, resistance was significantly higher in ESBL-producing and quinolone-resistant isolates than the non-ESBL producers and non-quinolone-resistant E. coli. Eight isolates were resistant to eight classes of antimicrobials. We compared phenotypic with genotypic results of 20 MDR E. coli isolates, ESBL producers, and quinolone-resistant strains and found 80% harbored blaCTX-M, 15% aac(6)-lb-cr, 10% qnrB, and 5% qepA. None harbored TEM, SHV, qnrA, qnrS, qnrC, or qnrD. The observed pattern and level of resistance render this portfolio of antibiotics ineffective for their intended use.

scholarly journals CTX-M-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Italy: Molecular Epidemiology of an Emerging Countrywide Problem

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 2700-2706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Mugnaioli ◽  
Francesco Luzzaro ◽  
Filomena De Luca ◽  
Gioconda Brigante ◽  
Mariagrazia Perilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Random Amplification ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Italian Territory ◽  
Esbl Producers ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT A nationwide survey of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production among Enterobacteriaceae, carried out in 2003, showed that CTX-M-type enzymes have achieved a sizeable prevalence among ESBL producers in Italy, mostly in Escherichia coli and, to a lesser extent, in Klebsiella pneumoniae. In this work, we report on the molecular epidemiology of the CTX-M-producing isolates from that survey and on the mechanisms of dissemination of these emerging resistance determinants. The CTX-M-producing isolates were detected in 10 of the 11 participating centers distributed across the Italian national territory, although at remarkably variable rates in different centers (1.2 to 49.5% of the ESBL producers). All CTX-M determinants were of group 1, with CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-1 being the most prevalent variants (60% and 35%, respectively) and CTX-M-32 carried by a minority (5%) of isolates. Each variant was detected both in E. coli and in K. pneumoniae. Genotyping of the CTX-M-producing isolates by random amplification of polymorphic DNA revealed a notable diversity, especially among those producing CTX-M-1, while clonal expansion was evident with some CTX-M-15-producing strains. Mating experiments revealed a higher overall transferability of bla CTX-M-1 and bla CTX-M-32 than of bla CTX-M-15. Coresistance to quinolones and aminoglycosides was overall higher with the CTX-M-15-producing isolates. The present results indicate that CTX-M-producing strains are now widespread across the Italian territory and underscore the emerging role of these ESBL determinants in the European setting. They also reveal notable differences in the dissemination mechanisms of genes encoding different CTX-M variants of the same lineage.

Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Poultry

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
DB Barad ◽  
J H Purohit ◽  
B B Javia ◽  
H H Savsani ◽  
B S Mathapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

The present study was undertaken with the objective of phenotypic and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli isolates from poultry. A total of 300 cloacal swabs were collected, i.e., 200 from layer birds and 100 from broiler birds from three different farms in and around Junagadh district of Gujarat state. Out of 300 samples, 126 (42.00%) samples yielded E. coli. These isolates belonged to layer 85 (42.50%) and broiler 41 (41.00%) birds. Out of 126 isolates, 27 (21.43%) were confirmed as ESBL producers, i.e., 19 (22.35%) and 8 (19.51%) from layer and broiler birds, respectively, by initial screening of isolates for their susceptibility to any of the third and fourth generation cephalosporins or monobactam antibiotics by disc diffusion method and further confirmation by combination disc method using ESBL identification kits. Out of 27 phenotypically confirmed ESBL E. coli isolates blaTEM was detected in 21 (77.78%) and blaAmpC was detected in 15 (55.56%) isolates, while all the 27 isolates were found negative for the presence of blaSHV and blaCTXM genes. All the 27 isolates were found positive for either blaTEM or blaAmpC gene. Nine (33.33%) out of 27 isolates were found positive for both blaTEM and blaAmpC genes. The findings warrant the need for more strict regulations for usage of antibiotics in veterinary practices in order to prevent the emergence and dissemination of multidrug resistant E. coli pathogens among birds, animals, and humans.

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistant CTX-M-ProducingEscherichia coli: A Growing Threat among HIV Patients in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesavaram Padmavathy ◽  
Krishnan Padma ◽  
Sikhamani Rajasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Esbl Producers

Extended Spectrumβ-Lactamases (ESBLs) confer resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and CTX-M types have emerged as the most prominent ESBLs worldwide. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of CTX-M positive ESBL-producing urinaryE. coliisolates from HIV patients and to establish the association of multidrug resistance, phylogeny, and virulence profile with CTX-M production. A total of 57 ESBL producers identified among 76E. colistrains isolated from HIV patients from South India were screened forblaCTX-M, AmpC production, multidrug resistance, and nine virulence associated genes (VAGs),fimH,pap,afa/dra,sfa/foc,iutA,fyuA,iroN,usp,andkpsMII.The majority (70.2%) of the ESBL producers harboredblaCTX-Mand were AmpC coproducers. Among the CTX-M producers, 47.5% were found to be UPEC, 10% harbored as many as 7 VAGs, and 45% possessedkpsMII. Multidrug resistance (CIPRSXTRGENR) was significantly more common among the CTX-M producers compared to the nonproducers (70% versus 41.2%). However, 71.4% of the multidrug resistant CTX-M producers exhibited susceptibility to nitrofurantoin thereby making it an effective alternative to cephalosporins/fluoroquinolones. The emergence of CTX-M-producing highly virulent, multidrug resistant uropathogenicE. coliis of significant public health concern in countries like India with a high burden of HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals The Pandemic H30 Subclone of Sequence Type 131 (ST131) as the Leading Cause of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Infections in the United States (2011–2012)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Johnson ◽  
Stephen Porter ◽  
Paul Thuras ◽  
Mariana Castanheira
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Specimen Type ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Abstract Background Extraintestinal Escherichia coli infections are increasingly challenging due to emerging antimicrobial resistance, including resistance to extended-spectrum beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones. Sequence type 131 (ST131) is a leading contributor. Methods Three hundred sixty E. coli clinical isolates from across the United States (2011–2012), selected randomly from the SENTRY collection within 3 resistance categories (extended-spectrum cephalosporin [ECS]–reduced susceptibility [RS]; fluoroquinolone-resistant, ESC-susceptible; and fluoroquinolone-susceptible, ESC-susceptible) were typed for phylogroup, sequence type complex (STc), subsets thereof, virulence genotype, O type, and beta-lactamase genes. Molecular results were compared with susceptibility profile, specimen type, age, and sex. Results Phylogroup B2 accounted for most isolates, especially fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates (83%). Group B2–derived ST131 and its H30 subclone (divided between H30Rx and H30R1) predominated, especially among ESC-RS and fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. In contrast, among fluoroquinolone-susceptible isolates, group B2–derived STc73 and STc95 predominated. Within each resistance category, ST131 isolates exhibited more extensive resistance and/or virulence profiles than non-ST131 isolates. ST131-H30 was distributed broadly by geographical region, age, and specimen type and exhibited distinctive beta-lactamase genes. Back-calculations indicated that within the source population ST131 accounted for 26.4% of isolates overall (vs 17% in 2007), including 19.8% ST131-H30, 13.2% ST131-H30R1, and 6.6% each ST131-H30Rx and non-H30 ST131. Conclusions ST131-H30, with its ESC resistance-associated H30Rx subset, caused most antimicrobial-resistant E. coli infections across the United States in 2011–2012 and, since 2007, increased in relative prevalence by >50%. Focused attention to this strain could help combat the current E. coli resistance epidemic.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among the pediatric population in Qatar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Perez-Lopez ◽  
Sathyavathi Sundararaju ◽  
Hassan Al-Mana ◽  
Kin Ming Tsui ◽  
Mohammad Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Esbl Producers

Abstract Background: Although extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are a public health problem in the Arabian Peninsula, data on the molecular characteristic of their antimicrobial resistance determinants in children is limited.Methods: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates recovered from screening and clinical specimens from pediatric patients at Sidra Medicine in Doha from January to December 2018.Results: WGS was performed on 327 ESBL producers: 255 E. coli and 72 K. pneumoniae. The most common sequence types (ST) were ST131 (16.5%), ST38 and ST10 (8.2 each%) in E. coli and ST307 (9.7%), ST45 and ST268 (6.9% each) in K. pneumoniae. CTX-M type ESBL were found in all but one isolate, with CTX-M-15 accounting for 87.8%. Co-carriage of OXA-1 alone or in combination with TEM-1B was associated with reduced susceptibility toamoxicillin/clavulanate (P=0.002 and P<0.0001) and piperacillin/tazobactam (P=0.02 and P=0.004). The most common plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes co-carried were qnr A/B/E/S (45.3%). Ninety percent of gentamicin non-susceptible isolates harboured genes encoding AAC(3) enzymes, mainly aac(3)-IIa. Only 2 of 57 isolates harbouring aac(6’)-Ib-cr were non-susceptible to amikacin. Eighty-five percent of isolates carried IncF plasmids. Conclusions: Our data show that CTX-M is largely the most prevalent ESBL type in the pediatric population in Qatar with a predominance of CTX-M-15. Carbapenem-sparing options to treat ESBL infections are limited given the frequent co-production of OXA-1 and TEM-1B enzymes and co-resistance to antibiotic classes other than β-lactams.

scholarly journals Occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamaseand AmpC-type cephalosporinase-producing Escherichia coli in mastitic cow’s milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (06) ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
HANNA RÓŻAŃSKA ◽  
MARIA KUBAJKA ◽  
MARCIN WEINER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Esbl Producers

The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum betalactamases (ESBL and/or AmpC) in the milk of cows with mastitis. A total 2,500 milk samples from mastitic cows were tested in 2014-2018. The investigations included the culture of bacteria on MacConkey agar with cefotaxime, identification with the API Rapid 32 E test, synergy disc test D68C, assessment of antimicrobial resistance by the microdilution method and confirmation of the occurrence of genes encoding ESBL and AmpC. Out of 133 isolates identified as E. coli, 87 were recognized as ESBL producers and 46 as chromosomally encoded cephalosporinase AmpC producers. The blaTEM was predominant in the ESBL producers. All 46 AmpC-positive strains had the blaCMY gene. The results confirmed the occurrence of extended-spectrum betalactamase- producing E. coli in inflammatory secretions from mastitic

scholarly journals Detection of CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Colostrum and Faeces of Newborn Dairy Calves in China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1162
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan He ◽  
Sirui Yang ◽  
Yulin Ma ◽  
Shuyuan Zhang ◽  
Zhijun Cao
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
First Case ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Synergy Testing

Newborn dairy calves are often colonized by multidrug-resistant (MDR) extended-spectrum β-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC), which pose significant risks to global healthcare. As the first meal of calves, the role of dairy colostrum as a potential source of MDR-E. coli has not been well-studied. Here, we report on similar antibiotic resistance patterns of E. coli strains, isolated from colostrum fed to dairy calves and their faeces. Four ESBL-EC strains from colostrum and faeces of newborn dairy calves were isolated by double-disc synergy testing and multiplex PCR. Strikingly, isolates from colostrum or faeces were found to have similar MDR profiles, showing a high resistance to cephalosporins and other conventional antibiotics. In addition, coexistence of blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-171 was detected on a self-transferable plasmid with a typical IncHI2 backbone. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reporting on ESBL-EC strains carrying blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-171 genes, and isolated from faeces and the colostrum stock fed to the dairy calves.

scholarly journals Genotypic detection and molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in a regional hospital in central Taiwan

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Fu Lin ◽  
Shih-Kuang Hsu ◽  
Chao-Hsien Chen ◽  
Jr-Rung Huang ◽  
Hsueh-Hsia Lo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Central Taiwan ◽  
Esbl Producers ◽  
M 14

This study was conducted to detect the genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and determine the epidemiological relatedness of 69 Escherichia coli and 33 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected from a regional hospital in central Taiwan, mostly from inpatients (E. coli 87.0 %; K. pneumoniae 88.0 %). The phenotypes of these isolates were examined according to the combination disc method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Most of the ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates (98.6 % and 97 %, respectively) could be detected using cefotaxime discs with and without clavulanate. Genotyping was performed by PCR with type-specific primers. CTX-M-14 type (53.6 %) was the most prevalent ESBL among E. coli isolates while SHV type (57.6 %) was the most dominant among K. pneumoniae isolates. Six E. coli and three K. pneumoniae isolates did not carry genes encoding ESBLs of types TEM, SHV, CTX-M-3, CTX-M-14, CMY-2 and DHA-1. The co-existence of two or more kinds of ESBL in a single isolate was common, occurring in 40.6 % and 72.7 % of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. PFGE analysis revealed that ESBL producers isolated in this setting were genetically divergent.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling and Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases Produced by Extraintestinal Invasive Escherichia coli Isolates From Ethiopia: The Presence of International High-Risk Clones ST131 and ST410 Revealed

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Aseffa Negeri ◽  
Hassen Mamo ◽  
Jyoti M. Gurung ◽  
A. K. M. Firoj Mahmud ◽  
Maria Fällman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Typing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Genes Encoding

The treatment of invasive Escherichia coli infections is a challenge because of the emergence and rapid spread of multidrug resistant strains. Particular problems are those strains that produce extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL’s). Although the global characterization of these enzymes is advanced, knowledge of their molecular basis among clinical E. coli isolates in Ethiopia is extremely limited. This study intends to address this knowledge gap. The study combines antimicrobial resistance profiling and molecular epidemiology of ESBL genes among 204 E. coli clinical isolates collected from patient urine, blood, and pus at four geographically distinct health facilities in Ethiopia. All isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, with extensive resistance to ampicillin and first to fourth line generation cephalosporins and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin. Extended spectrum β-lactamase genes were detected in 189 strains, and all but one were positive for CTX-Ms β-lactamases. Genes encoding for the group-1 CTX-Ms enzymes were most prolific, and CTX-M-15 was the most common ESBL identified. Group-9 CTX-Ms including CTX-M-14 and CTX-27 were detected only in 12 isolates and SHV ESBL types were identified in just 8 isolates. Bacterial typing revealed a high amount of strains associated with the B2 phylogenetic group. Crucially, the international high risk clones ST131 and ST410 were among the sequence types identified. This first time study revealed a high prevalence of CTX-M type ESBL’s circulating among E. coli clinical isolates in Ethiopia. Critically, they are associated with multidrug resistance phenotypes and high-risk clones first characterized in other parts of the world.

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