scholarly journals Caenorhabditis elegans Extracts Stimulate IAA Biosynthesis in Arthrobacter pascens ZZ21 via the Indole-3-pyruvic Acid Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 970
Author(s):  
Mengsha Li ◽  
Teng Li ◽  
Ming Zhou ◽  
Mengdi Li ◽  
Yexin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Beneficial Bacterium ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Iaa Biosynthesis

Inter-organismal metabolites play important roles in regulating organism behavior and the communication between organisms. Nematodes, the most abundant animals on earth, are crucial participants in soil ecosystems through their interactions with microbes. For example, bacterial-feeding nematodes increase the activity of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-producing bacteria and the IAA content in soil. However, the way in which these nematodes interact with bacteria and affect IAA biosynthesis is not well understood. Here, using the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the plant-beneficial bacterium Arthrobacter pascens ZZ21, we examined the effects of nematode excretions or extracts on bacterial IAA biosynthesis. To explore the underlying regulatory mechanism in more detail, we performed transcriptome sequencing and metabolomic analysis. Our findings suggest that C. elegans extracts promote IAA biosynthesis in A. pascens ZZ21 by increasing the expression of genes and the abundance of intermediates involved in the indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA) pathway. C. elegans extracts also significantly influenced biosynthetic and metabolic activity in A. pascens ZZ21. Treatment with C. elegans extracts promoted pyruvate metabolism, the citrate cycle (TCA) cycle and the production of some TCA-cycle-related amino acids and inhibited oxidative phosphorylation, which induced the accumulation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). We propose that the extracts altered the metabolism of A. pascens ZZ21 to help the bacteria resist stress caused by their predator. Our findings indicate that bacterial-feeding nematodes mediate the interaction between nematodes and bacteria via their extracts, providing insights into the ecological function of C. elegans in soil.

scholarly journals Effects of sugars and lipids on the growth and development of Caenorhabditis elegans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Wang ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Wenli Wang ◽  
Sihan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
High Stearic Acid ◽  
Excessive Intake

AbstractExcessive intake of carbohydrates and fats causes over-nutrition, leading to a variety of diseases and complications. Here, we characterized the effects of different types of sugar and lipids on the growth and development of Caenorhabditis elegans. We measured the lifespan, reproductive capacity, and length of nematodes after sugars and lipids treatment alone and co-treatment of sugars and lipids. Furthermore, by using transcriptome sequencing technology, we studied the mechanisms underlying the damaged caused by high-sucrose and high-stearic acid on C. elegans. The results showed that a certain concentration of sugar and lipid promoted the growth and development of nematodes. However, excessive sugars and lipids shortened the lifespan and length of nematodes and destroyed their reproductive capacity. Based on the results of the orthogonal test, we selected 400 mmol/L sucrose and 500 μg/mL stearic acid to model a high-sugar and high-lipid diet for C. elegans. High-sugar and high-lipid intake altered the expression of genes involved in biofilm synthesis, genes that catalyze the synthesis and degradation of endogenous substances, and genes involved in innate immunity, resulting in physiological damage.

scholarly journals mRNA Editing, Processing and Quality Control in Caenorhabditis elegans

Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 215 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-568
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Arribere ◽  
Hidehito Kuroyanagi ◽  
Heather A. Hundley
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Mrna Editing ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Dynamic Expression ◽  
Specific Sequences

While DNA serves as the blueprint of life, the distinct functions of each cell are determined by the dynamic expression of genes from the static genome. The amount and specific sequences of RNAs expressed in a given cell involves a number of regulated processes including RNA synthesis (transcription), processing, splicing, modification, polyadenylation, stability, translation, and degradation. As errors during mRNA production can create gene products that are deleterious to the organism, quality control mechanisms exist to survey and remove errors in mRNA expression and processing. Here, we will provide an overview of mRNA processing and quality control mechanisms that occur in Caenorhabditis elegans, with a focus on those that occur on protein-coding genes after transcription initiation. In addition, we will describe the genetic and technical approaches that have allowed studies in C. elegans to reveal important mechanistic insight into these processes.

scholarly journals Metabolites of Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes Stimulate Bacterial Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengsha Li ◽  
Mengdi Li ◽  
Ming Zhou ◽  
Yexin Zhao ◽  
Jingjing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Soil Ecosystem ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
And Function ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Iaa Biosynthesis

Abstract Interorganismal metabolites play significant roles in regulating behaviors and communications between organisms. Nematodes are the most abundant animals on earth, and function well in soil ecosystem due to their interactions with microbes. Bacterial-feeding nematodes stimulate the activity of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-producing bacteria and increase the content of IAA in soil. However, we do not fully understand how bacterial-feeding nematodes interact with bacteria and affect IAA synthesis. In this study, the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and three species of soil-dwelling IAA-producing bacteria ( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JX1, Arthrobacter pascens ZZ21 and A. chlorphenolicus L4) were employed to determine the effect of nematodes on the IAA biosynthesis of bacteria. Then the metabolites and extracts of C. elegans were tested the effect on three bacterial IAA synthesis (but only A. pascens ZZ21 for the extracts). Lastly, two soil-dwelling bacterial-feeding nematodes ( Mesorhabditis sp. and Acrobeloides sp.) and two IAA-producing bacteria ( B. amyloliquefaciens JX1 and A. pascens ZZ21) were subsequently used to explore the universality of this interaction. Our results showed that the metabolites or extracts of nematodes could promote the IAA biosynthesis of IAA-producing bacteria, and implied this stimulatory effect maybe widely spread in metabolites of bacterial-feeding nematodes and IAA-producing bacteria, but vary with nematodes and bacteria species. Our findings indicate that bacterial-feeding nematodes could mediate the interaction between nematodes and bacteria by their metabolites, except for their feeding behavior, and offer insights into the ecological function of the metabolites of nematodes.

scholarly journals Role of insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway genes on the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Bazilah Zulkefli ◽  
Ahmad Nazrun Shuid ◽  
Goon Jo Aan
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Differential Expression Of Genes

Aging process is influenced by the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling (IIS) pathway or IGF-1 signaling pathway. Studies done on the genes of this pathway were found to affect longevity. However, no conclusive results have been drawn.The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the function of genes involved in the IIS pathway of Caenorhabditis Elegans (C. elegans), a nematode commonly used as a model organism in molecular genetics and developmental biology. A literature search for relevant studies was done through PubMed and Scopus databases using MeSH keywords Caenorhabditis elegans, C. elegans, nematode, genes, RNA, DNA, IIS pathway, IGF pathway, lifespan, and longevity. The search was limited to studies that were published in the last ten years (2008-May 2018). After exclusion of duplicates, review papers, human, in vitro, and other organismal studies, a total of 76 research articles were selected for further assessments. Data relevant to the effects of IIS genes on the lifespan ofC. eleganswas independently extracted. Reduction of daf-2 and age-1 and overexpression of sir-2.1 were reported to promote increment of the lifespan of C. elegans.  Furthermore, differentially expressed genes that were involved in the protection against oxidative stress, pathogen attack, and toxicity includeins-18, numr-1/-2, sgk-1, and rgs-1. The knockdown of daf-2, age-1, and overexpression of sir-2.1 genes prolonged the lifespan of C. elegans while knockdown of daf-16, hsf-1, sir-2.1 as well as skn-1 shorten the lifespan of C. elegans.In conclusion, the differential expression of genes in the IIS pathway prolongs the lifespan of C. elegans.

scholarly journals Characterization and synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid in plant growth promoting Enterobacter sp.

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (50) ◽  
pp. 31601-31607
Author(s):  
Bi-Xian Zhang ◽  
Pei-Shan Li ◽  
Ying-Ying Wang ◽  
Jia-Jun Wang ◽  
Xiu-Lin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Iaa Biosynthesis

The strains have remarkable IAA-producing capabilities. Genomic analysis and intermediate assay indicated the involvement of the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway of IAA biosynthesis. These microbes significantly promoted the growth of maize.

The glycomes of Caenorhabditis elegans and other model organisms

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 117-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M. Haslam ◽  
David Gems ◽  
Howard R. Morris ◽  
Anne Dell
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
The Face ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Nematode Worm

There is no doubt that the immense amount of information that is being generated by the initial sequencing and secondary interrogation of various genomes will change the face of glycobiological research. However, a major area of concern is that detailed structural knowledge of the ultimate products of genes that are identified as being involved in glycoconjugate biosynthesis is still limited. This is illustrated clearly by the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which was the first multicellular organism to have its entire genome sequenced. To date, only limited structural data on the glycosylated molecules of this organism have been reported. Our laboratory is addressing this problem by performing detailed MS structural characterization of the N-linked glycans of C. elegans; high-mannose structures dominate, with only minor amounts of complex-type structures. Novel, highly fucosylated truncated structures are also present which are difucosylated on the proximal N-acetylglucosamine of the chitobiose core as well as containing unusual Fucα1–2Gal1–2Man as peripheral structures. The implications of these results in terms of the identification of ligands for genomically predicted lectins and potential glycosyltransferases are discussed in this chapter. Current knowledge on the glycomes of other model organisms such as Dictyostelium discoideum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster is also discussed briefly.

The Effect of Mianserin on Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans is Abolished by Glucose

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Almotayri ◽  
Jency Thomas ◽  
Mihiri Munasinghe ◽  
Markandeya Jois
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Scaffolding Protein ◽  
Lifespan Extension ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
Extension Effect

Background: The antidepressant mianserin has been shown to extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a well-established model organism used in aging research. The extension of lifespan in C. elegans was shown to be dependent on increased expression of the scaffolding protein (ANK3/unc-44). In contrast, antidepressant use in humans is associated with an increased risk of death. The C. elegans in the laboratory are fed Escherichia coli (E. coli), a diet high in protein and low in carbohydrate, whereas a typical human diet is high in carbohydrates. We hypothesized that dietary carbohydrates might mitigate the lifespan-extension effect of mianserin. Objective: To investigate the effect of glucose added to the diet of C. elegans on the lifespan-extension effect of mianserin. Methods: Wild-type Bristol N2 and ANK3/unc-44 inactivating mutants were cultured on agar plates containing nematode growth medium and fed E. coli. Treatment groups included (C) control, (M50) 50 μM mianserin, (G) 73 mM glucose, and (M50G) 50 μM mianserin and 73 mM glucose. Lifespan was determined by monitoring the worms until they died. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier version of the log-rank test. Results: Mianserin treatment resulted in a 12% increase in lifespan (P<0.05) of wild-type Bristol N2 worms but reduced lifespan by 6% in ANK3/unc-44 mutants, consistent with previous research. The addition of glucose to the diet reduced the lifespan of both strains of worms and abolished the lifespan-extension by mianserin. Conclusion: The addition of glucose to the diet of C. elegans abolishes the lifespan-extension effects of mianserin.

scholarly journals Functional Redundancy of the B9 Proteins and Nephrocystins in Caenorhabditis elegans Ciliogenesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 2154-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey L. Williams ◽  
Marlene E. Winkelbauer ◽  
Jenny C. Schafer ◽  
Edward J. Michaud ◽  
Bradley K. Yoder
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Joubert Syndrome ◽  
Cystic Kidney ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Cilia Formation ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Candidate Loci

Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS), nephronophthisis (NPHP), and Joubert syndrome (JBTS) are a group of heterogeneous cystic kidney disorders with partially overlapping loci. Many of the proteins associated with these diseases interact and localize to cilia and/or basal bodies. One of these proteins is MKS1, which is disrupted in some MKS patients and contains a B9 motif of unknown function that is found in two other mammalian proteins, B9D2 and B9D1. Caenorhabditis elegans also has three B9 proteins: XBX-7 (MKS1), TZA-1 (B9D2), and TZA-2 (B9D1). Herein, we report that the C. elegans B9 proteins form a complex that localizes to the base of cilia. Mutations in the B9 genes do not overtly affect cilia formation unless they are in combination with a mutation in nph-1 or nph-4, the homologues of human genes (NPHP1 and NPHP4, respectively) that are mutated in some NPHP patients. Our data indicate that the B9 proteins function redundantly with the nephrocystins to regulate the formation and/or maintenance of cilia and dendrites in the amphid and phasmid ciliated sensory neurons. Together, these data suggest that the human homologues of the novel B9 genes B9D2 and B9D1 will be strong candidate loci for pathologies in human MKS, NPHP, and JBTS.

scholarly journals Characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans Homologs of the Down Syndrome Candidate Gene DYRK1A

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B Raich ◽  
Celine Moorman ◽  
Clay O Lacefield ◽  
Jonah Lehrer ◽  
Dusan Bartsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Inducible Promoters ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Dual Specificity ◽  
Specificity Protein

Abstract The pathology of trisomy 21/Down syndrome includes cognitive and memory deficits. Increased expression of the dual-specificity protein kinase DYRK1A kinase (DYRK1A) appears to play a significant role in the neuropathology of Down syndrome. To shed light on the cellular role of DYRK1A and related genes we identified three DYRK/minibrain-like genes in the genome sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans, termed mbk-1, mbk-2, and hpk-1. We found these genes to be widely expressed and to localize to distinct subcellular compartments. We isolated deletion alleles in all three genes and show that loss of mbk-1, the gene most closely related to DYRK1A, causes no obvious defects, while another gene, mbk-2, is essential for viability. The overexpression of DYRK1A in Down syndrome led us to examine the effects of overexpression of its C. elegans ortholog mbk-1. We found that animals containing additional copies of the mbk-1 gene display behavioral defects in chemotaxis toward volatile chemoattractants and that the extent of these defects correlates with mbk-1 gene dosage. Using tissue-specific and inducible promoters, we show that additional copies of mbk-1 can impair olfaction cell-autonomously in mature, fully differentiated neurons and that this impairment is reversible. Our results suggest that increased gene dosage of human DYRK1A in trisomy 21 may disrupt the function of fully differentiated neurons and that this disruption is reversible.

Maternal-effect lethal mutations on linkage group II of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-986
Author(s):  
K J Kemphues ◽  
M Kusch ◽  
N Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Linkage Group ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Essential Genes ◽  
The Other ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Embryonic Lethal ◽  
Embryonic Lethal Mutations ◽  
F1 Progeny

Abstract We have analyzed a set of linkage group (LG) II maternal-effect lethal mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans isolated by a new screening procedure. Screens of 12,455 F1 progeny from mutagenized adults resulted in the recovery of 54 maternal-effect lethal mutations identifying 29 genes. Of the 54 mutations, 39 are strict maternal-effect mutations defining 17 genes. These 17 genes fall into two classes distinguished by frequency of mutation to strict maternal-effect lethality. The smaller class, comprised of four genes, mutated to strict maternal-effect lethality at a frequency close to 5 X 10(-4), a rate typical of essential genes in C. elegans. Two of these genes are expressed during oogenesis and required exclusively for embryogenesis (pure maternal genes), one appears to be required specifically for meiosis, and the fourth has a more complex pattern of expression. The other 13 genes were represented by only one or two strict maternal alleles each. Two of these are identical genes previously identified by nonmaternal embryonic lethal mutations. We interpret our results to mean that although many C. elegans genes can mutate to strict maternal-effect lethality, most genes mutate to that phenotype rarely. Pure maternal genes, however, are among a smaller class of genes that mutate to maternal-effect lethality at typical rates. If our interpretation is correct, we are near saturation for pure maternal genes in the region of LG II balanced by mnC1. We conclude that the number of pure maternal genes in C. elegans is small, being probably not much higher than 12.

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