scholarly journals Effect of Lactylate and Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance, Peripheral Blood Cell Profile, and Gut Microbiota of Nursery Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Wang ◽  
Tsungcheng Tsai ◽  
Xiaoyuan Wei ◽  
Bin Zuo ◽  
Ellen Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
E Coli

To evaluate the effects of lactylate and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, complete blood cell count, and microbial changes, 264 weaning pigs were assigned to four treatments (1) control (Con) basal diets that met the nutrient requirement for each phase, (2) 0.2% lactylate (LA), (3) 0.05% Bacillus subtilis strains mixtures (BM), or (4) the combination of LA and BM (LA+BM) added to the control basal diet at their respective inclusion rates in each of the three phases. Dietary lactylate tended to increase weight gain, significantly increased feed intake, and reduced fecal total E. coli and enterotoxigenic E. coli counts during Phase 1. Pigs fed Bacillus subtilis had a greater gain to feed ratio (G:F) during Phases 1 and 2. Pigs fed lactylate had an increased peripheral absolute neutrophil count on D14 but a decreased eosinophil percentage. Pigs fed Bacillus subtilis had an elevated peripheral total white blood cell count at study completion. The addition of lactylate increased microbiota richness, reduced E. coli, and increased Prevotella, Christensenellaceae, and Succinivibrio. Bacillus subtilis supplementation-enriched f_Ruminococcaceae_unclassified and S24-7_ unclassified had positive relationships with feed efficiency. Collectively, these findings suggested that lactylate can be added to diets to balance gut microbiota and improve growth performance during the early postweaning period. The combination of lactylate and Bacillus subtilis strains exerted a synergic effect on the growth performance of nursery pigs.

266 Growth Performance, Fecal Score, and Blood Immune Parameters of Nursery Pigs Challenged with Escherichia coli F18 Fed Canola Meal-based Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
Jinsu Hong ◽  
Samuel Ariyibi ◽  
Joy Scaria ◽  
Steven Dilberger-Lawson ◽  
David Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract Effects of dietary canola meal (CM) on growth performance, fecal score, and blood parameters of E. coli-challenged nursery pigs were investigated. Thirty-six pigs (initial body weight = 6.22 kg) weaned at 21 d of age were housed individually and fed 3 diets (12 replicates/diet) in randomized complete block design. The diets were corn-soybean meal-based diet without or with antibiotics (0.2% chlortetracycline and 0.2% tiamulin) or with CM (20%). The diets were fed in 2 phases; Phase 1: d 0 to 7, and Phase 2: d 7 to 21. Pigs were orally challenged with F18 strain of E. coli on d 7. Feed intake and body weight were measured on d 7, 14, and 21. Blood samples for measuring thyroid hormones were collected from each pig on d 7, 14, and 21. Blood samples for measuring white blood cells, immunoglobulins, and cytokine were collected on d 21. Fecal score was assessed daily. Dietary antibiotics increased (P < 0.05) ADG by 50%. Dietary SECM also increased (P < 0.05) ADG by 23%. Week 1 fecal score was unaffected by diet. However, during weeks 2 and 3, fecal score for diet with antibiotics was less (P < 0.05) than that for basal diet or diet with CM, which did not differ in fecal score. During weeks 1 and 2, serum tetraiodothyronine level for diet with antibiotics was less (P < 0.05) than that for basal diet or diet with CM, which did not differ in serum tetraiodothyronine level; week 3 serum tetraiodothyronine level was unaffected by diet. White blood cell count was reduced (P < 0.05) by dietary antibiotics, and tended to be reduced (P = 0.087) by dietary CM. In conclusion, dietary CM increased ADG and tended to reduce white blood cell count. Thus, dietary CM at 20% may improve the performance of pigs challenged with E. coli F18 partly by decreasing immune response.

scholarly journals 144 Effect of sodium butyrate (SB) on growth performance and complete blood cell count in nursery pigs: Two facility study

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
Tsung Cheng Tsai ◽  
Hans H Stein ◽  
Casey L Bradley ◽  
Laia Blavi ◽  
Kristopher Bottoms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Complete Blood Cell Count ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Eosinophil Cell ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 344 weaned pigs (21 ± 2 d of age) were used at University of Arkansas (UA, n = 2 16) and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC, n = 128) to evaluate increasing level of sodium butyrate (SB) on growth performance and complete blood cell count. Pigs at each facility were blocked by initial BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 9 replications/diet and 6 pigs/pen at UA; and 8 replications/diet and 4 pigs/pen at UIUC. Treatments included a control corn-soybean-meal based diet and 3 diets in which 0.05, 0.10, or 0.15% SB was added to the control diet. Feed was manufactured at each facility. Pigs were fed in 3 phases: 7 d, 14 d, and 14 d at UIUC and 7 d, 14 d, and 19 d at UA for phase 1, 2, and 3, respectively. At UA, blood was collected at the beginning of the experiment and at the end of each phase to determine complete blood cell count. Data for growth performance for both facilities were pooled and analysed as a RCBD using the Mixed procedure of SAS. Treatment was the fixed effect, and facility and facility by treatment interactions were random effects. Orthogonal contrasts were used to assess linear and quadratic responses to inclusion of increasing levels of SB in diets. Increasing dietary SB increased weight gain (quadratic, P < 0.05), ADFI (quadratic, P ≤ 0.05), and final BW (quadratic, P < 0.05). Total white blood cell and eosinophil cell count tended to increase with increasing SB (quadratic, P = 0.07 and P = 0.08, respectively). The lymphocyte cell count tended to decrease (linear, P = 0.09) with increasing SB. Results indicated that feeding SB during the nursery phase tended to alter blood cell count and improve growth performance.

scholarly journals PSVI-18 Establishing ideal inclusion rate of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in nursery rations

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
Joshua Knapp ◽  
Tsung Cheng Tsai ◽  
Joshua Knapp ◽  
Hannah Maxwell ◽  
Charles V Maxwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Fermented Soybean

Abstract To determine the optimal level of fermented soybean meal (FSBM; Fermex 200, Purina Animal Nutrition, Arden Hills, MN) in nursery diets, a total of 176 weaned pigs (5.96 kg BW) were blocked by initial BW and allotted to 1 of 4 treatments: Control consisted of an enzymatic soybean protein (HP 300, Hamlet Protein, Horsens, Denmark)-poultry byproduct diet or formulated with 5%, 10% and 15% FSBM to achieve FSBM1, FSBM2, and FSBM3 treatments. Pigs remained on the same dietary treatment for phase 1 (d 0–14) and 2 (d 14–29), while a common diet was fed in phase 3 (d 29–40). Individual pig weights and pen feed disappearance were recorded weekly. Blood was taken via jugular venipuncture and analyzed for complete blood cell count on d 0, 14, 29 and 40 from one pig/pen (n = 44) that represented the average BW for each pen. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedures of SAS (Cary, NC) with dietary treatment as the fixed effect, and initial BW block as the random effect. Orthogonal contrasts were performed to test for linear, quadratic and cubic responses to increasing levels of FSBM. A quadratic response to increasing FSBM was observed in ADG (P = 0.06) and ADFI (P = 0.04) during phase 1&2 (d 0–29). Moreover, the heaviest BW was observed in pigs fed 10% FSBM on d 29 (quadratic, P = 0.06), however the difference diminished by the end of the trial. A tendency for a linear increase with increasing level of FSBM was observed in overall feed efficiency (d 0–40, P = 0.07). Pigs fed 10% FSBM had the lowest WBC, neutrophil, and red blood cell count. Results of this study suggest FSBM fed to pigs improves growth performance and alters blood cell characteristics, and 10% is the optimal level of FSBM to include in early nursery diets.

PSII-14 Supplementation of Bacillus Amyloquefaciens on Systemic Immunity of Weaned Pigs Experimentally Infected with a Pathogenic E. coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
Cynthia Jinno ◽  
Braden T Wong ◽  
Martina Kluenemann ◽  
Xunde Li ◽  
Yanhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Group ◽  
Wbc Count

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus amyloquefaciens on total and differential blood cell count in weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli. A total of 50 weaned pigs (7.41 ± 1.35 kg) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly assigned to one of the 5 treatments: sham control (CON-), sham B. amyloquefaciens (BAM-), challenged control (CON+), challenged B. amyloquefaciens (BAM+) and challenged carbadox (CAR+). The experiment lasted 28 days with 7 days’ adaptation and 21 days after the first E. coli inoculation. The doses of F18 E. coli inoculum were 1010 CFU/3 mL oral dose daily for 3 consecutive days. Whole blood samples were collected from all pigs on d -7, and d 0, 7, 14, and 21 post infection (PI) to measure total and differential blood cell count by complete blood count (CBC) analysis. Supplementation of BAM or CAR increased (P &lt; 0.05) either the percentage or the number of lymphocytes on d 0 before E. coli inoculation. E. coli challenge increased (P &lt; 0.05) white blood cell (WBC) count on d 7 and 21 PI, while supplementation of BAM tended (P &lt; 0.10) to have low WBC on d 7 PI and had lower (P &lt; 0.05) WBC on d 21 PI compared with CON+. Pigs in BAM+ also had lower (P &lt; 0.05) neutrophil count on d 14 PI, pigs fed with CAR had lower (P &lt; 0.05) neutrophil count on d 14 and 21 PI, compared with pigs in CON+. No difference was observed in red blood cell profile among all treatments throughout the experiment. In conclusion, pigs fed with B. amyloquefaciens have similar systemic immune response to pigs in antibiotic group and have relatively lower systemic inflammation caused by E. coli compared with control group.

PSII-16 Effects of Oligosaccharide-based Polymer on Blood Profiles in Weanling Pigs Experimentally Infected with a Pathogenic E. coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 167-168
Author(s):  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Yijie He ◽  
Cynthia Jinno ◽  
Seijoo Yang ◽  
Xunde Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Profiles

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to investigate dietary supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer on blood profiles of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic F18 Escherichia coli (E. coli). Forty-eight pigs (7.23 ± 1.11 kg BW) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of four treatments with 12 replicate pigs per treatment. The four dietary treatments were a nursery basal diet (control), and 3 additional diets supplemented with 50 mg/kg Mecadox (AGP), 10 or 20 mg/kg of oligosaccharide-based polymer. The experiment lasted 18 d [7 d before and 11 d after the first inoculation (d 0)]. The doses of F18 E. coli inoculum were 1010 cfu/3 mL oral dose daily for 3 days. Blood samples were collected before E. coli inoculation (d 0), and on d 2, 5, 8, and 11 post-inoculation (PI). Total and differential blood cell count were analyzed by CBC test. All data were analyzed by ANOVA using the PROC MIXED of SAS with pig as the experimental unit. Supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer linearly (P &lt; 0.05) reduced white blood cell counts, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils on d 2 PI, and neutrophils on d 5 PI, compared with the control. No differences were observed in total and differential white blood cell counts among AGP and two oligosaccharide-based polymer treatments except that pigs fed with AGP had greater (P &lt; 0.05) lymphocytes on d 2 PI compared with pigs fed with oligosaccharide-based polymer diets. Supplementation of low dose oligosaccharide-based polymer or AGP reduced (P &lt; 0.05) red blood cell count and packed cell volume on d 2 PI, whereas inclusion of high dose oligosaccharide-based polymer or AGP reduced (P &lt; 0.05) packed cell volume on d 5 PI, compared with the control. In conclusion, supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer may alleviate the systemic inflammation caused by F18 E. coli infection.

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis: a potential growth promoter in weaned pigs in comparison to carbadox

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijie He ◽  
Kwangwook Kim ◽  
Lauren Kovanda ◽  
Cynthia Jinno ◽  
Minho Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
E Coli

Abstract The study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of a probiotic Bacillus subtilis strain on growth performance, diarrhea, systemic immunity, and intestinal health of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and to compare the efficacy of B. subtilis with that of carbadox. Weaned pigs (n = 48, 6.17 ± 0.36 kg body weight [BW]) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments: negative control (NC, control diet without E. coli challenge), positive control (PC, control diet with E. coli challenge), and supplementation of 50 mg/kg of carbadox (antibiotic growth promotor [AGP]) or 2.56 × 109 CFU/kg of B. subtilis probiotics (PRO). The experiment lasted for 28 d with 7 d before and 21 d after the first E. coli inoculation. Fecal and blood samples were collected on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 post inoculation (PI) to analyze β-hemolytic coliforms and complete blood cell count, respectively. Diarrhea score was recorded daily for each pig to calculate the frequency of diarrhea. All pigs were euthanized at day 21 PI to collect jejunal and ileal mucosa for gene expression analysis. Pigs in AGP had greater (P &lt; 0.05) BW on days 7, 14, and 21 PI than pigs in PC and PRO groups. Supplementation of PRO enhanced pigs’ BW on day 21 PI compared with the PC. Escherichia coli F18 challenge reduced (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency from day 0 to 21 PI, while supplementation of carbadox or PRO enhanced ADG and feed efficiency in E. coli F18-challenged pigs from day 0 to 21 PI. Pigs in AGP and PRO groups had reduced (P &lt; 0.05) frequency of diarrhea throughout the experiment and fecal β-hemolytic coliforms on day 7 PI than pigs in the PC. Pigs in PRO had greater (P &lt; 0.05) gene expression of CLDN1 in jejunal mucosa than pigs in the PC. Supplementation of carbadox or PRO reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the gene expression of IL6 and PTGS2 in ileal mucosa of E. coli-infected pigs compared with pigs in the PC. Pigs in the PRO group had lower (P &lt; 0.05) white blood cell number and neutrophil count, and serum haptoglobin concentration on day 7 PI, and less (P &lt; 0.05) monocyte count on day 14 PI, compared with PC. In conclusion, supplementation of probiotic B. subtilis could enhance disease resistance and promote the growth performance of weaned pigs under disease challenge conditions. The potential mechanisms include but not limited to enhanced gut barrier integrity and local and systemic immune responses of weaned pigs.

Cigarette Smoking Increases Thromboxane A2 Formation without Affecting Platelet Survival in Young Healthy Females

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (05) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Dotevall ◽  
Christina Rångemark ◽  
Elsa Eriksson ◽  
Jack Kutti ◽  
Hans Wadenvik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Thromboxane A2 ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Pai 1

SummarySmoking is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, in men as well as in women. An increased urinary excretion of the thromboxane metabolite 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 (Tx-M) has been observed in smokers of both genders, suggesting that cigarette smoking may facilitate cardiovascular disease via an action on the platelets. The present study addressed the hypothesis that the increased Tx-M excretion in female smokers reflects a true facilitation of platelet reactivity in vivo, rather than an increased destruction of the platelets. In healthy female volunteers (aged 20–46 years, 18 smokers and 17 non-smokers) platelet life-span and indices of platelet activity were determined, together with plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), fibrinogen, peripheral blood cell counts and hematocrit. The urinary excretion of Tx-M was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (361 vs. 204 pg/mg creatinine, respectively, p <0.05), while plasma and urinary β-thromboglobulin, plasma platelet factor 4, platelet mean life-span and platelet production rate did not differ between the groups. PAI-1 activity, white blood cell count and hematocrit were higher in smokers than in non-smokers (p <0.05). These data indicate that smoking facilitates platelet formation of thromboxane A2 without affecting platelet survival; i.e. it increases the activity of platelets without affecting their viability to a measurable extent. Such an increase in platelet activity, operating in parallel to a reduced fibrinolytic activity and a higher hematocrit and white blood cell count, may play an etiological role in smoking-induced cardiovascular disease in women.

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