scholarly journals An Increase in the Levels of Middle Surface Antigen Characterizes Patients Developing HBV-Driven Liver Cancer Despite Prolonged Virological Suppression

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Brancaccio ◽  
Romina Salpini ◽  
Lorenzo Piermatteo ◽  
Matteo Surdo ◽  
Vanessa Fini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Middle Surface ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Kinetics Of

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) contains three surface glycoproteins—Large-HBs (L-HBs), Middle-HBs (M-HBs), and Small-HBs (S-HBs), known to contribute to HBV-driven pro-oncogenic properties. Here, we examined the kinetics of HBs-isoforms in virologically-suppressed patients who developed or did not develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study enrolled 30 chronically HBV-infected cirrhotic patients under fully-suppressive anti-HBV treatment. Among them, 13 patients developed HCC. Serum samples were collected at enrolment (T0) and at HCC diagnosis or at the last control for non-HCC patients (median (range) follow-up: 38 (12–48) months). Ad-hoc ELISAs were designed to quantify L-HBs, M-HBs and S-HBs (Beacle). At T0, median (IQR) levels of S-HBs, M-HBs and L-HBs were 3140 (457–6995), 220 (31–433) and 0.2 (0–1.7) ng/mL. No significant differences in the fraction of the three HBs-isoforms were noticed between patients who developed or did not develop HCC at T0. On treatment, S-HBs showed a >25% decline or remained stable in a similar proportion of HCC and non-HCC patients (58.3% of HCC- vs. 47.1% of non-HCC patients, p = 0.6; 25% of HCC vs. 29.4% of non-HCC, p = 0.8, respectively). Conversely, M-HBs showed a >25% increase in a higher proportion of HCC compared to non-HCC patients (50% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.02), in line with M-HBs pro-oncogenic role reported in in vitro studies. No difference in L-HBs kinetics was observed in HCC and non-HCC patients. In conclusion, an increase in M-HBs levels characterizes a significant fraction of HCC-patients while under prolonged HBV suppression and stable/reduced total-HBs. The role of M-HBs kinetics in identifying patients at higher HCC risk deserves further investigation.

971 ROLE OF IL-17, IL-6, AND IL-2 IN CIRRHOTIC AND NON-CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS B VIRUS-ASSOCIATED HEPATOCELLLULAR CARCINOMA

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. S387-S388
Author(s):  
Q. Wang ◽  
M.I. Fiel ◽  
K.R. Parikh ◽  
F. Manizate ◽  
W. Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

scholarly journals IMMUNE RESPONSES IN VITRO

1971 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl W. Pierce ◽  
Barbara M. Johnson ◽  
Harriet E. Gershon ◽  
Richard Asofsky
Keyword(s):  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin Class ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Erythrocyte Antigen ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

We have demonstrated for the first time that mouse spleen cells stimulated in vitro with heterologous erythrocytes developed immunoglobulin class-specific γM, γ1, γ2a+2b, and γA plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses. A modification of the hemolytic plaque technique, the addition of goat anti-mouse µ-chain antibody to the assay preparation, specifically prevented development of all γM PFC and enabled accurate and reproducible enumeration of immunoglobulin class-specific PFC after treatment with appropriate monospecific anti-globulins and complement. Culture conditions, with regard to medium, atmosphere, agitation, and spleen cell densities, were similar to those previously shown to support only γM PFC responses. Evaluation of the kinetics of appearance of PFC showed that γM PFC reached maximum numbers on days 4–5; the magnitude of this response was 3–10 times greater than γ1 γ2a+2b, or γA PFC which reached maximum numbers on days 5–6. Optimal erythrocyte antigen dose for γM PFC responses was 107/culture, whereas a dose of 106 erythrocytes/culture consistently stimulated optimal γ1 γ2a+2b, or γA PFC responses. Investigations of the effects of anti-erythrocyte antibody on γM and γG PFC responses indicated that antibody suppressed these responses by neutralizing the effective antigenic stimulus at the macrophage-dependent phase of the response. At the same antibody concentration, γG PFC responses were more effectively suppressed than γM PFC responses. Further, γG responses could be almost completely suppressed by antibody as long as 48 hr after initiation of cultures, whereas γM PFC responses could only be completely suppressed during the first 24 hr. These results were discusssed in terms of the role of antigen in the stimulation γM and γG antibody.

In Vitro Study of Antioxidant Activity of Serum and Plasma Samples As Well As Glutathione Exposed to Various Exogenous Stress Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk ◽  
Łukasz Paprotny ◽  
Agnieszka Celejewska ◽  
Dorota Szewczak ◽  
Dorota Wianowska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Exogenous Stress

Abstract The imbalance between the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and their sequestration promotes the formation of so-called oxidative stress conditions which are considered crucial in the aging process and development of many human diseases. Glutathione plays an essential role in the antioxidative barricade against ROS. Its role in the detoxification process of xenobiotics and carcinogen is also known. However, there are no comparative studies on the antioxidant properties of both biological samples and glutathione as well as the change in these properties as a result of exposure to various stress factors. This paper fills this gap comparing the antioxidant activity of serum and plasma samples of the known glutathione content with the activity of glutathione itself assessed by the different methods. In addition, it reveals a significant role of environmental xenobiotics in oxidative stress and differentiates the stress induced by different groups of drugs, among which the greatest one has been demonstrated for antiarrhythmic drugs and cytostatics. More importantly, it proves that human plasma is more resistant to stress factors and N-acetylcysteine clearly promotes the extension of antioxidant properties of both the plasma and serum samples. The latter conclusion is consistent with the implied preventive and/or supportive action of this drug against SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Turning Cones Off: the Role of the 9-Methyl Group of Retinal in Red Cones

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen E. Estevez ◽  
Petri Ala-Laurila ◽  
Rosalie K. Crouch ◽  
M. Carter Cornwall
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Cone Opsin ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Flash Response

Our ability to see in bright light depends critically on the rapid rate at which cone photoreceptors detect and adapt to changes in illumination. This is achieved, in part, by their rapid response termination. In this study, we investigate the hypothesis that this rapid termination of the response in red cones is dependent on interactions between the 9-methyl group of retinal and red cone opsin, which are required for timely metarhodopsin (Meta) II decay. We used single-cell electrical recordings of flash responses to assess the kinetics of response termination and to calculate guanylyl cyclase (GC) rates in salamander red cones containing native visual pigment as well as visual pigment regenerated with 11-cis 9-demethyl retinal, an analogue of retinal in which the 9-methyl group is missing. After exposure to bright light that photoactivated more than ∼0.2% of the pigment, red cones containing the analogue pigment had a slower recovery of both flash response amplitudes and GC rates (up to 10 times slower at high bleaches) than red cones containing 11-cis retinal. This finding is consistent with previously published biochemical data demonstrating that red cone opsin regenerated in vitro with 11-cis 9-demethyl retinal exhibited prolonged activation as a result of slowed Meta II decay. Our results suggest that two different mechanisms regulate the recovery of responsiveness in red cones after exposure to light. We propose a model in which the response recovery in red cones can be regulated (particularly at high light intensities) by the Meta II decay rate if that rate has been inhibited. In red cones, the interaction of the 9-methyl group of retinal with opsin promotes efficient Meta II decay and, thus, the rapid rate of recovery.

Role of genotype G hepatitis B virus mixed infection on the progression of hepatic fibrosis in HIV positive patients over 5 years of follow-up

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruxandra Calin ◽  
Marguerite Guiguet ◽  
Nathalie Desire ◽  
Françoise Imbert-Bismut ◽  
Mona Munteanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Increased Concentrations of Antibody-Bound Circulatory Cell-Free DNA in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1609-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yan Zhong ◽  
Ines von Mühlenen ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Anjeung Kang ◽  
Anurag Kumar Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract Background: Increased concentrations of cell-free DNA have been found in several disorders and have been interpreted as evidence of increased rates of cell death or turnover. Evidence from in vitro and animal experiments suggests that DNA may play a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: We measured cell-free DNA in plasma and serum from patients with RA and healthy controls by use of quantitative PCR for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) DNA. We used protein G Sepharose™ bead adsorption of plasma and elution to isolate antibody-bound DNA. Results: In paired plasma and serum samples of 16 healthy controls the median GAPDH copies were 4500 genome equivalents (GE)/mL plasma (range 319–21 000) and in 26 RA patients 17 000 GE/mL plasma (2100–2 375 000, P = 0.0001). In the serum from normal controls the median GAPDH copies were 35 000 GE/mL (1700–239 000) and from RA patients 222 000 GE/mL (21 000–2 375 000, P = 0.004). A median of 81% of the cell-free DNA in RA was associated with antibody compared with 9% in healthy controls (P = 0.001). The concentrations of DNA did not vary with the type of therapy patients received. Conclusions: These results provide new evidence for a role of cell-free DNA-antibody complexes in the etiology of RA, suggest new avenues for basic research, and may prove to be relevant to diagnosis and assessment of therapy.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE GENOME PACKING IN THE BACTERIOPHAGE CAPSID AND THE KINETICS OF DNA EJECTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DE FRUTOS ◽  
A. LEFORESTIER ◽  
F. LIVOLANT
Keyword(s):  
Dna Structure ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Dna Ejection ◽  
Ejection Process ◽  
Dna Organization ◽  
Kinetics Of

We present a general survey of experimental and theoretical observations of DNA structure and in vitro ejection kinetics for different bacteriophage species. In some species, like T5, the ejection may present pauses and arrests that have not been detected in others species like Lambda. We propose hypotheses to explain such differences and we discuss how the experimental conditions may be important for their detection. Our work highlights the role of DNA organization inside the bacteriophage capsid on the stochastic and out of equilibrium nature of the ejection process.

Pressor response to a postural change in cirrhosis: an experimental study in the CCI4-treated rat

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arieh Bomzon ◽  
Avraham Weinbroum ◽  
Laurence M. Blendis
Keyword(s):  
Pressor Response ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Postural Change ◽  
Systemic Hypotension ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

1. Systemic hypotension, blunted cardiovascular responsiveness to noradrenaline and an abnormal hypertensive pressor response to a postural change have been described in cirrhotic patients. 2. We have examined the role of blunted responsiveness in these abnormalities by studying basal arterial blood pressure and its response to a postural change (vertical head-up 90° tilting) in conscious and pithed CCl4-treated (cirrhotic) rats, as well as assessing the pressor response to noradrenaline in vivo and the vascular contractile response to noradrenaline in vitro. 3. A diminished hypotensive response to a change in posture was found in pre-cirrhotic portal hypertensive rats, whereas an inverted hypertensive pressor response in the face of systemic hypotension occurred in the cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension. 4. The inverted pressor response was abolished in the pithed portal hypertensive cirrhotic rats. 5. The pressor response to noradrenaline in vivo in conscious cirrhotic rats and the vascular contractile responsiveness to noradrenaline in vitro were intact. 6. We conclude that blunted responsiveness to noradrenaline is not a contributory factor to the development of systemic hypotension or the inverted pressor response to a change in posture in cirrhosis.

scholarly journals A role for Rab5 in structuring the endoplasmic reticulum

2007 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjon Audhya ◽  
Arshad Desai ◽  
Karen Oegema
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Rab Gtpases ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Rab Family ◽  
Kinetics Of

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a contiguous network of interconnected membrane sheets and tubules. The ER is differentiated into distinct domains, including the peripheral ER and nuclear envelope. Inhibition of two ER proteins, Rtn4a and DP1/NogoA, was previously shown to inhibit the formation of ER tubules in vitro. We show that the formation of ER tubules in vitro also requires a Rab family GTPase. Characterization of the 29 Caenorhabditis elegans Rab GTPases reveals that depletion of RAB-5 phenocopies the defects in peripheral ER structure that result from depletion of RET-1 and YOP-1, the C. elegans homologues of Rtn4a and DP1/NogoA. Perturbation of endocytosis by other means did not affect ER structure; the role of RAB-5 in ER morphology is thus independent of its well-studied requirement for endocytosis. RAB-5 and YOP-1/RET-1 also control the kinetics of nuclear envelope disassembly, which suggests an important role for the morphology of the peripheral ER in this process.

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