scholarly journals Changes in Gut Microbiota after a Four-Week Intervention with Vegan vs. Meat-Rich Diets in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Eva Kohnert ◽  
Clemens Kreutz ◽  
Nadine Binder ◽  
Luciana Hannibal ◽  
Gregor Gorkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Randomized Controlled

An essential role of the gut microbiota in health and disease is strongly suggested by recent research. The composition of the gut microbiota is modified by multiple internal and external factors, such as diet. A vegan diet is known to show beneficial health effects, yet the role of the gut microbiota is unclear. Within a 4-week, monocentric, randomized, controlled trial with a parallel group design (vegan (VD) vs. meat-rich (MD)) with 53 healthy, omnivore, normal-weight participants (62% female, mean 31 years of age), fecal samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the trial and were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (Clinical Trial register: DRKS00011963). Alpha diversity as well as beta diversity did not differ significantly between MD and VD. Plotting of baseline and end samples emphasized a highly intra-individual microbial composition. Overall, the gut microbiota was not remarkably altered between VD and MD after the trial. Coprococcus was found to be increased in VD while being decreased in MD. Roseburia and Faecalibacterium were increased in MD while being decreased in VD. Importantly, changes in genera Coprococcus, Roseburia and Faecalibacterium should be subjected to intense investigation as markers for physical and mental health.

Approach bias modification training to increase physical activity: A pilot randomized controlled trial in healthy volunteers

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532091393
Author(s):  
Mira A Preis ◽  
Marisa Zellerhoff ◽  
Timo Brockmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Approach Bias ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Regular physical activity is associated with better physical and mental health outcomes as well as higher quality of life. This pilot randomized controlled trial examined whether approach bias modification, an economical and easily accessible computerized cognitive training, could increase objectively and subjectively measured physical activity in individuals aiming for more physical activity. Forty healthy volunteers of normal weight were randomly allocated to six sessions of approach bias modification or no treatment. The approach bias modification adopted an implicit learning paradigm that trained participants to show approach behavior in response to visual cues of physical activity. Approach bias modification did not increase objectively and subjectively measured physical activity.

scholarly journals Infant gut microbiota characteristics generally do not modify effects of lipid-based nutrient supplementation on growth or inflammation: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in Malawi

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riley L. Hughes ◽  
Charles D. Arnold ◽  
Rebecca R. Young ◽  
Per Ashorn ◽  
Ken Maleta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Multiple Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Multiple Hypothesis

Abstract An unhealthy gut microbial community may act as a barrier to improvement in growth and health outcomes in response to nutritional interventions. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether the infant microbiota modified the effects of a randomized controlled trial of lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) in Malawi on growth and inflammation at 12 and 18 months, respectively. We characterized baseline microbiota composition of fecal samples at 6 months of age (n = 506, prior to infant supplementation, which extended to 18 months) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 region. Features of the gut microbiota previously identified as being involved in fatty acid or micronutrient metabolism or in outcomes relating to growth and inflammation, especially in children, were investigated. Prior to correction for multiple hypothesis testing, the effects of LNS on growth appeared to be modified by Clostridium (p-for-interaction = 0.02), Ruminococcus (p-for-interaction = 0.007), and Firmicutes (p-for-interaction = 0.04) and effects on inflammation appeared to be modified by Faecalibacterium (p-for-interaction = 0.03) and Streptococcus (p-for-interaction = 0.004). However, after correction for multiple hypothesis testing these findings were not statistically significant, suggesting that the gut microbiota did not alter the effect of LNS on infant growth and inflammation in this cohort.

Role of preoperative pregabalin in reducing inhalational anesthetic requirements in abdominal hysterectomy: randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesrine A. El-Refai ◽  
Jehan H. Shehata ◽  
Ahmed Lotfy ◽  
Ahmed M. Elbadawy ◽  
Reham A. Abdel Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Inhalational Anesthetic

scholarly journals Evaluation of the gut microbiota after metformin intervention in children with obesity: A metagenomic study of a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 111117
Author(s):  
Belén Pastor-Villaescusa ◽  
Julio Plaza-Díaz ◽  
Alejandro Egea-Zorrilla ◽  
Rosaura Leis ◽  
Gloria Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Metagenomic Study

Role of Chewing Gum in Reducing Postoperative Ileus after Reversal of Ileostomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiullah Bhatti ◽  
Yusra Jahangir Malik ◽  
Shabbar Hussain Changazi ◽  
Usman Ali Rahman ◽  
Awais Amjad Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Postoperative Ileus ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Randomized Controlled
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