scholarly journals Are Faecal Microbiota Analyses on Species-Level Suitable Clinical Biomarkers? A Pilot Study in Subjects with Morbid Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Per G. Farup ◽  
Maria G. Maseng
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Microbiome Profiling

Background: An abnormal faecal microbiota could be a causal factor for disease. This study evaluated a new method for faecal microbiota analysis in subjects with obesity and irritable bowel syndrome. Methods: The study had a matched case-control design. Forty-six subjects with morbid obesity (defined as BMI > 40 or >35 kg/m2 with obesity-related complications) of whom 23 had irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), were compared with 46 healthy volunteers. The faecal microbiota was analysed with Precision Microbiome Profiling (PMP™) which quantified 104 bacteria species. The primary aim was comparisons between the cases and controls. Results: Two men and 44 women with a mean age of 43.6 years were included in each of the groups; BMI in the groups was (mean and SD) 41.9 (3.5) and 22.5 (1.5) kg/m2, respectively. Seventeen bacterial species showed statistically significant differences between the groups after adjusting for multiple testing. In a post hoc analysis, the sensitivity and specificity were 78%. Alpha diversity was lower in the group with obesity. In subjects with morbid obesity, no clinically significant differences were seen between subjects with and without IBS or from before to six months after bariatric surgery. Conclusions: The results encourage further evaluation of the new microbiome profiling tool.

scholarly journals Altered Gut Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Its Association with Food Components

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Zahra A. Barandouzi ◽  
Joochul Lee ◽  
Kendra Maas ◽  
Angela R. Starkweather ◽  
Xiaomei S. Cong
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The interplay between diet and gut microbiota has gained interest as a potential contributor in pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The purpose of this study was to compare food components and gut microbiota patterns between IBS patients and healthy controls (HC) as well as to explore the associations of food components and microbiota profiles. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 young adults with IBS and 21 HC recruited. The food frequency questionnaire was used to measure food components. Fecal samples were collected and profiled by 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing. Food components were similar in both IBS and HC groups, except in caffeine consumption. Higher alpha diversity indices and altered gut microbiota were observed in IBS compared to the HC. A negative correlation existed between total observed species and caffeine intake in the HC, and a positive correlation between alpha diversity indices and dietary fiber in the IBS group. Higher alpha diversity and gut microbiota alteration were found in IBS people who consumed caffeine more than 400 mg/d. Moreover, high microbial diversity and alteration of gut microbiota composition in IBS people with high caffeine consumption may be a clue toward the effects of caffeine on the gut microbiome pattern, which warrants further study.

scholarly journals Efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation for patients with irritable bowel syndrome in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Gut ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdy El-Salhy ◽  
Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk ◽  
Odd Helge Gilja ◽  
Anja Bråthen Kristoffersen ◽  
Trygve Hausken
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Faecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Irritable Bowel

ObjectiveFaecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors to patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been attempted in two previous double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. While one of those studies found improvement of the IBS symptoms, the other found no effect. The present study was conducted to clarify these contradictory findings.DesignThis randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study randomised 165 patients with IBS to placebo (own faeces), 30 g FMT or 60 g FMT at a ratio of 1:1:1. The material for FMT was obtained from one healthy, well-characterised donor, frozen and administered via gastroscope. The primary outcome was a reduction in the IBS symptoms at 3 months after FMT (response). A response was defined as a decrease of 50 or more points in the total IBS symptom score. The secondary outcome was a reduction in the dysbiosis index (DI) and a change in the intestinal bacterial profile, analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, at 1 month following FMT.ResultsResponses occurred in 23.6%, 76.9% (p<0.0001) and 89.1% (p<00.0001) of the patients who received placebo, 30 g FMT and 60 g FMT, respectively. These were accompanied by significant improvements in fatigue and the quality of life in patients who received FMT. The intestinal bacterial profiles changed also significantly in the groups received FMT. The FMT adverse events were mild self-limiting gastrointestinal symptoms.ConclusionsFMT is an effective treatment for patients with IBS. Utilising a well-defined donor with a normal DI and favourable specific microbial signature is essential for successful FMT. The response to FMT increases with the dose.Trial registrationwww.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03822299) and www.cristin.no (ID657402).

scholarly journals Letter: faecal microbiota transplantation for irritable bowel syndrome. Authors' reply

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-558
Author(s):  
Perttu Lahtinen ◽  
Jonna Jalanka ◽  
Anna Hartikainen ◽  
Eero Mattila ◽  
Markku Hillilä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Faecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Irritable Bowel

No benefit of faecal microbiota transplantation for IBS-D

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 87-87
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Faecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Irritable Bowel

AbstractReview of: Aroniadis OC, Brandt LJ, Oneto C, et al. Faecal microbiota transplantation for diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;4:675–85.

scholarly journals A Conservative Weight Loss Intervention Relieves Bowel Symptoms in Morbidly Obese Subjects with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Aasbrenn ◽  
Stian Lydersen ◽  
Per G. Farup
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Bowel Symptoms ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Background. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common in subjects with morbid obesity; the effect of weight loss programs on bowel symptoms is largely unknown. Methods. This prospective cohort study explored bowel symptoms, health scores, and biomarkers in subjects with morbid obesity during a six-month-long conservative weight loss intervention. Bowel symptoms were assessed with IBS-severity scoring system (IBS-SSS) and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale-IBS. Changes in all variables and associations between the changes in bowel symptoms and the other variables were analysed. Results. Eighty-eight subjects (81% females) were included. Body mass index was reduced from 42.0 (3.6) to 38.7 (3.5) (p<0.001). IBS-SSS was reduced from 116 (104) to 81 (84) (p=0.001). In all, 19 out of 25 variables improved significantly. In subjects with and without IBS at inclusion, the improvement in IBS-SSS was 88 (95% CI 55 to 121) and 10 (95% CI −9 to 29), respectively. Improved bowel symptoms were associated with improved subjective well-being, sense of humour, and vitamin D and negatively associated with reduced body mass index. Conclusion. Body mass index and health scores improved during a conservative weight loss intervention. Subjects with IBS before the intervention had a clinically significant improvement in bowel symptoms.

scholarly journals Carriage of Cdt-B Encoding Campylobacter spp., Salmonella Enterica, and Yersinia Entercolitica in Patients With Gastroenteritis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Ganji ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Shirazi ◽  
Masoud Alebouyeh ◽  
Parisa Eslami ◽  
Mohammad Rahbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract Introduction: Cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) is one of the bacterial toxins that present in a variety of Gram-negative human pathogens, such as E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp. CDT composed of three subunits encoded by three adjacent genes, including cdtA, cdtB and cdtC. It is approved that cdtB had toxic activity and caused DNA damage of the host cell. Despite its presence in different bacterial species, role of Cdt in acute and chronic infections, such as gastroenteritis and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unclear. To analyze this correlation, we studied the prevalence of cdtB among different enteropathogenic bacteria in patients with gastroenteritis and IBS compared with healthy people.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 230 stool samples were collected from patients with gastroenteritis, IBS, and healthy people. The presence of Cdt-B encoding bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., Yersinia entercolitica, Providencia alkalifacience, and Salmonella enterica was examined by polymerase chain reaction using genus specific primers. Results: Out of 230 stool samples, Cdt-B encoding Campylobacter spp. were found in 34.6% (52/150), 6.25% (5/80), and 4% (2/50) of the patients with gastroenteritis, IBS, and the control group, respectively. Carriage of Cdt-B encoding Salmonella enterica was characterized among 5.3% (8/150) of the patients with gastroenteritis and 17.5% (14/80) of the IBS patients. Although none of the patients carried cdtB of E. coli and Providencia spp., cdtB of Y. enterocolitica was detected in 1 of the patients with gastroenteritis (0.6%). Statistical analysis showed significant correlation between infection with CdtB-encoding Campylobacter spp. and IBS-D subtype. No significant correlation was found between infection with Cdt-B encoding bacteria, and other clinical and demographic data.Conclusion: Our results confirmed relatively higher frequency of Cdt-B encoding bacteria in the intestine of IBS patients and those with gastroenteritis compared with healthy individuals. Regarding the frequency of Cdt-B encoding Salmonella and Campylobacter bacteria, it was proposed that infection with these enteropathogens could be considered as a risk factor for the development or progression of IBS among the Iranian patients. Further studies are needed to establish this involvemet.

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