scholarly journals Identification of New Potential Biotherapeutics from Human Gut Microbiota-Derived Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Bernardo Cuffaro ◽  
Aka L. W. Assohoun ◽  
Denise Boutillier ◽  
Véronique Peucelle ◽  
Jérémy Desramaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Functional Capacities

The role of the gut microbiota in health and disease is well recognized and the microbiota dysbiosis observed in many chronic diseases became a new therapeutic target. The challenge is to get a better insight into the functionality of commensal bacteria and to use this knowledge to select live biotherapeutics as new preventive or therapeutic products. In this study, we set up a screening approach to evaluate the functional capacities of a set of 21 strains isolated from the gut microbiota of neonates and adults. For this purpose, we selected key biological processes involved in the microbiome-host symbiosis and known to impact the host physiology i.e., the production of short-chain fatty acids and the ability to strengthen an epithelial barrier (Caco-2), to induce the release of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine after co-culture with human immune cells (PBMC) or to increase GLP-1 production from STC-1 endocrine cell line. This strategy highlighted fifteen strains exhibiting beneficial activities among which seven strains combined several of them. Interestingly, this work revealed for the first time a high prevalence of potential health-promoting functions among intestinal commensal strains and identified several appealing novel candidates for the management of chronic diseases, notably obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases.

scholarly journals Maternal gut microbiota is associated with newborn anthropometrics in a sex-specific manner

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Sato ◽  
Kenichi Sakurai ◽  
Hiromi Tanabe ◽  
Tamotsu Kato ◽  
Yumiko Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Stool Samples

AbstractMaternal gut microbiota is thought to be one of the important factors in the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) concept, but the effects of maternal gut microbiota on foetal growth are not well known. In this study, the association between maternal gut microbiota and foetal growth was investigated. Maternal and newborn information, as well as stool samples at the third trimester of pregnancy, were obtained from 51 mother–newborn pairs from the Chiba study of Mother and Child Health (C-MACH). Gut microbiota was analysed by 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in stool were analysed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. After adjustment for covariates, it was found that maternal gut microbial diversity had a positive association with head circumference in newborn males (Chao 1: adjusted r = 0.515, p = 0.029). Genus Parabacteroides and genus Eggerthella showed negative associations with newborn head circumference and weight, respectively in males (genus Parabacteroides: adjusted r = −0.598, p = 0.009, genus Eggerthella: adjusted r = −0.481, p = 0.043). On the other hand, genus Streptococcus showed a negative association with newborn height in females (adjusted r = −0.413, p = 0.040). In addition, hexanoate was involved in the association between maternal gut microbiota and newborn anthropometrics in the univariate analysis, but not in the multivariate analysis. These data suggest that maternal gut microbiota has sex-specific effects on foetal growth. Maternal gut microbiota is an important factor for optimal intrauterine growth.

scholarly journals In Vitro Characterization of Gut Microbiota-Derived Commensal Strains: Selection of Parabacteroides distasonis Strains Alleviating TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Cuffaro ◽  
Aka L. W. Assohoun ◽  
Denise Boutillier ◽  
Lenka Súkeníková ◽  
Jérémy Desramaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Regulatory T Lymphocytes ◽  
In Vitro Characterization ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Alterations in the gut microbiota composition and diversity seem to play a role in the development of chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leading to gut barrier disruption and induction of proinflammatory immune responses. This opens the door for the use of novel health-promoting bacteria. We selected five Parabacteroides distasonis strains isolated from human adult and neonates gut microbiota. We evaluated in vitro their immunomodulation capacities and their ability to reinforce the gut barrier and characterized in vivo their protective effects in an acute murine model of colitis. The in vitro beneficial activities were highly strain dependent: two strains exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory potential and restored the gut barrier while a third strain reinstated the epithelial barrier. While their survival to in vitro gastric conditions was variable, the levels of P. distasonis DNA were higher in the stools of bacteria-treated animals. The strains that were positively scored in vitro displayed a strong ability to rescue mice from colitis. We further showed that two strains primed dendritic cells to induce regulatory T lymphocytes from naïve CD4+ T cells. This study provides better insights on the functionality of commensal bacteria and crucial clues to design live biotherapeutics able to target inflammatory chronic diseases such as IBD.

scholarly journals Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics: Gut and Beyond

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Vyas ◽  
Natarajan Ranganathan
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Colon Cancers ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Human Intestinal Tract

The human intestinal tract has been colonized by thousands of species of bacteria during the coevolution of man and microbes. Gut-borne microbes outnumber the total number of body tissue cells by a factor of ten. Recent metagenomic analysis of the human gut microbiota has revealed the presence of some 3.3 million genes, as compared to the mere 23 thousand genes present in the cells of the tissues in the entire human body. Evidence for various beneficial roles of the intestinal microbiota in human health and disease is expanding rapidly. Perturbation of the intestinal microbiota may lead to chronic diseases such as autoimmune diseases, colon cancers, gastric ulcers, cardiovascular disease, functional bowel diseases, and obesity. Restoration of the gut microbiota may be difficult to accomplish, but the use of probiotics has led to promising results in a large number of well-designed (clinical) studies. Microbiomics has spurred a dramatic increase in scientific, industrial, and public interest in probiotics and prebiotics as possible agents for gut microbiota management and control. Genomics and bioinformatics tools may allow us to establish mechanistic relationships among gut microbiota, health status, and the effects of drugs in the individual. This will hopefully provide perspectives for personalized gut microbiota management.

scholarly journals The Interaction between the Gut Microbiota and Chronic Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope Sanusi-Olubowale
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The world is experiencing an increase in chronic diseases like diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes preceding disease like gestational diabetes. Most of these diseases can be prevented and mitigated if individuals pay attention to the causative factors. One of such factors is the type of microorganisms in an individual’s gut. Even though there are innate beneficial microorganisms in the human gut, pathogenic microorganisms can invade the gut, changing the inborn population of the gut microbiota. The changes in the gut microbiota population have been linked to several diseases. This chapter, therefore, describes gut microbiota and their interaction with specific diseases. Also discussed in this chapter are the changes to gut microbiota composition that pose a risk to the host. There is substantial evidence that diseases are initiated or worsened with a change in the gut microbiota composition. Therefore, the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in individuals’ health and requires human efforts to keep them in the right population. Furthermore, making lifestyle changes, particularly food choices and behaviors such as the misuse of medications and excessive alcohol consumption, should be monitored and controlled to support gut health.

Health-Improving and Disease-Preventing Potential of Camel Milk Against Chronic Diseases and Autism

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-184
Author(s):  
Mo'ez Al-Islam Ezzat Faris ◽  
Hadeel Ghazzawi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Health Promoting

Camel milk has been used as part of the human diet since ancient times. This chapter tries to elaborate the different aspects of nutraceutical functional properties of camel milk, focusing on the nutritional composition, presence of bioactive zoochemicals and peptides, antioxidant nutrients (vitamin C), and health rendering properties of this unique milk. Recent research has identified camel milk as a prophylactic and therapeutic functional food due to its noticeable content of essential macronutrients, namely bioactive functional proteins and peptides, along with its considerable content of essential micronutrients. Indeed, the presence of this unique mixture has shown to be promising contributors to the management and prevention of chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, liver and kidney, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases in adults, and autism. In vivo, in vitro, and epidemiological and experimental studies were reviewed, and molecular mechanisms were highlighted for better understanding of the health-promoting, disease-preventing potential of camel milk.

scholarly journals Insights into the reason of Human-Residential Bifidobacteria (HRB) being the natural inhabitants of the human gut and their potential health-promoting benefits

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chyn Boon Wong ◽  
Toshitaka Odamaki ◽  
Jin-zhong Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Practical Consideration ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Ecological Fitness ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Shed Light

ABSTRACT Members of Bifidobacterium are among the first microbes to colonise the human gut, and certain species are recognised as the natural resident of human gut microbiota. Their presence in the human gut has been associated with health-promoting benefits and reduced abundance of this genus is linked with several diseases. Bifidobacterial species are assumed to have coevolved with their hosts and include members that are naturally present in the human gut, thus recognised as Human-Residential Bifidobacteria (HRB). The physiological functions of these bacteria and the reasons why they occur in and how they adapt to the human gut are of immense significance. In this review, we provide an overview of the biology of bifidobacteria as members of the human gut microbiota and address factors that contribute to the preponderance of HRB in the human gut. We highlight some of the important genetic attributes and core physiological traits of these bacteria that may explain their adaptive advantages, ecological fitness, and competitiveness in the human gut. This review will help to widen our understanding of one of the most important human commensal bacteria and shed light on the practical consideration for selecting bifidobacterial strains as human probiotics.

scholarly journals Galangin Protects against Symptoms of Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Acute Colitis by Activating Autophagy and Modulating the Gut Microbiota

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongzhuan Xuan ◽  
Aiqun Ou ◽  
Shengyu Hao ◽  
Jiajun Shi ◽  
Xiaolu Jin
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Related Proteins

Galangin is a natural flavonoid that has been reported to provide substantial health benefits. Nevertheless, little is known about the potential effects of galangin against inflammatory bowel diseases. Here, an in vivo study was performed to investigate the preventive effects of galangin against dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced acute murine colitis, which mimics the symptoms of human ulcerative colitis (UC). Pre-treatment with galangin (15 mg/kg, p.o.) resulted in a significant decreased in the macroscopic signs of DSS-induced colitic symptoms, including a decreased disease activity index, prevention of the colon length shortening, and alleviation of the pathological changes occurring in the colon. Colonic pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, and IL-6, as well as myeloperoxidase activities were decreased following galangin pre-treatment when compared with the DSS control group. Moreover, galangin pre-treatment significantly increased the expressions of autophagy-related proteins and promoted the formation of autophagosome in the colon. Galangin pre-treatment increased the diversity of the gut microbiota, and this was accompanied by increased levels of short-chain fatty acids. These observed changes could involve the modulating effects conferred by galangin in relation to some specific bacteria populations, including the recovery of Lactobacillus spp., and increased Butyricimonas spp. Overall, these results support the use of galangin in the prevention of UC.

Gut Microbiota: In Dynamics of Life and Homoeopathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiphrangdaka L. Suchiang ◽  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Shabana Yeasmin ◽  
Monisha Singh ◽  
James Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Human Microbiome Project ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Micro Organisms

AbstractThe Human Microbiome Project (HMP) launched in 2008 by the National Institute of Health (NIH) fascinated microbiologists with discoveries of micro-organisms inside and outside of human beings. Their correlation with health and disease brings a new insight to preventive and therapeutic measures. At present, focus is more on the micro-organisms residing in the gut and various factors capable of altering their composition. The conclusion made by Dr. Edward Bach regarding the ability of homoeopathic potencies to alter bowel flora and its relation with chronic diseases was investigated and experimented way back. The present review attempts to correlate gut microbiota with the art and science of homoeopathy.

scholarly journals The Gut-Liver Axis in Health and Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Signals in Liver Injury and Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Zheng ◽  
Baohong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Pathophysiological Process ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites ◽  
Health And Disease

Diverse liver diseases undergo a similar pathophysiological process in which liver regeneration follows a liver injury. Given the important role of the gut-liver axis in health and diseases, the role of gut microbiota-derived signals in liver injury and regeneration has attracted much attention. It has been observed that the composition of gut microbiota dynamically changes in the process of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, and gut microbiota modulation by antibiotics or probiotics affects both liver injury and regeneration. Mechanically, through the portal vein, the liver is constantly exposed to gut microbial components and metabolites, which have immense effects on the immunity and metabolism of the host. Emerging data demonstrate that gut-derived lipopolysaccharide, gut microbiota-associated bile acids, and other bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites, may play multifaceted roles in liver injury and regeneration. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the possible molecular mechanisms by which gut microbiota-derived signals modulate liver injury and regeneration, highlighting the potential roles of gut microbiota in the development of gut microbiota-based therapies to alleviate liver injury and promote liver regeneration.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder. Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications

Metabolites ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Ortega ◽  
Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon ◽  
Cielo García-Montero ◽  
Oscar Fraile-Martinez ◽  
Luis G. Guijarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Health And Disease

The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem essential for the proper functioning of the organism, affecting the health and disease status of the individuals. There is continuous and bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the host, conforming to a unique entity known as “holobiont”. Among these crosstalk mechanisms, the gut microbiota synthesizes a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds or metabolites which exert pleiotropic effects on the human organism. Many of these microbial metabolites can cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) or have significant effects on the brain, playing a key role in the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. An altered Microbiota-Gut-Brain (MGB) axis is a major characteristic of many neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Significative differences between gut eubiosis and dysbiosis in mental disorders like MDD with their different metabolite composition and concentrations are being discussed. In the present review, the main microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids -SCFAs-, bile acids, amino acids, tryptophan -trp- derivatives, and more), their signaling pathways and functions will be summarized to explain part of MDD pathophysiology. Conclusions from promising translational approaches related to microbial metabolome will be addressed in more depth to discuss their possible clinical value in the management of MDD patients.

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