scholarly journals Bacterial Communities and Enzymatic Activities in Sediments of Long-Term Fish and Crab Aquaculture Ponds

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 501
Author(s):  
Zhimin Zhang ◽  
Qinghui Deng ◽  
Lingling Wan ◽  
Xiuyun Cao ◽  
Yiyong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Mitten Crab ◽  
Aquaculture Ponds ◽  
Pond Sediments ◽  
Sediment Ph

Aquaculture is among the most important and fastest growing agriculture sectors worldwide; however, it generates environmental impacts by introducing nutrient accumulations in ponds, which are possibly different and further result in complex biological processes in the sediments based on diverse farming practices. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term farming practices of representative aquatic animals dominated by grass carp (GC, Ctenopharyngodon idella) or Chinese mitten crab (CMC, Eriocheir sinensis) on the bacterial community and enzyme activity of sediments from more than 15 years of aquaculture ponds, and the differences associated with sediment properties were explored in the two farming practices. Compared to CMC ponds, GC ponds had lower contents of TC, TN, and TP in sediments, and similar trends for sediment pH and moisture content. Sediment bacterial communities were significantly different between GC and CMC ponds, with higher bacterial richness and diversity in GC ponds. The bacterial communities among the pond sediments were closely associated with sediment pH, TC, and TN. Additionally, the results showed profoundly lower activities of β-1,4-glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and phosphatase in the sediments of GC ponds than CMC ponds. Pearson’s correlation analysis further revealed strong positive correlations between the hydrolytic enzyme activities and nutrient concentrations among the aquaculture ponds, indicating microbial enzyme regulation response to sediment nutrient dynamics. Our study herein reveals that farming practices of fish and crab differently affect bacterial communities and enzymatic activities in pond sediments, suggesting nutrient-driven sediment biological processes in aquaculture ponds for different farming practices.

scholarly journals Patterns of Sediment Fungal Community Dependent on Farming Practices in Aquaculture Ponds

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Zhang ◽  
Qinghui Deng ◽  
Xiuyun Cao ◽  
Yiyong Zhou ◽  
Chunlei Song
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Aquaculture Ponds ◽  
Pond Sediments ◽  
Sediment Carbon

Despite fungi playing an important role in nutrient decomposition in aquatic ecosystems and being considered as vital actors in the ecological processes, they received limited attention regarding the community in aquaculture pond sediments which are extremely important and typically disturbed habitats. Using an ITS1 region of fungal rDNA, this study aimed to investigate sediment fungal communities in fish, crab, and crayfish ponds for decades of farming practices at representative aquaculture regions in the middle Yangtze River basin, China. We then aimed to explore the community patterns associated with species-based farming practices in the ponds at 18 farms. The results showed that the pond sediments harbored more than 9,000 operational taxonomic units. The sediments had significantly higher alpha diversity in crab ponds compared to that in fish and crayfish ponds. The fungal phyla largely belonged to Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota, and the dominance of Rozellomycota over Basidiomycota and Aphelidiomycota was observed. The majority of sediment fungal members were ascribed to unclassified fungi, with higher proportions in fish ponds than crab and crayfish ponds. Further, the fungal communities were markedly distinct among the three types of ponds, suggesting divergent patterns of fungal community assemblages caused by farming practices in aquaculture ponds. The community diversity and structure were closely correlated to sediment properties, especially sediment carbon content and pH. Thus, the distribution and pattern of fungal communities in the sediments appear to primarily depend on species-based farming practices responsible for the resulting sediment carbon content and pH in aquaculture ponds. This study provides a detailed snapshot and extension of understanding fungal community structure and variability in pond ecosystems, highlighting the impacts of farming practices on the assembly and succession of sediment fungal communities in aquaculture ponds.

scholarly journals The Effect of Antibiotic Treatment on the Bacterial Community of the Brown Planthopper and Its Correlation with Rice Virulence

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2327
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Xu ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Hantao Zhou ◽  
Ming Tang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

The prevention and control of planthoppers represent important issues for rice production. Current long-term control methods rely on pesticides, which raise concerns about environmental pollution. Recently, evidence has suggested that bacterial symbionts are important factors influencing the formation of Hemiptera insect biotypes and the selection of host plants for insects, which suggesting that targeting bacterial communities may be an effective alternative method for planthopper control. In this study, we perturbed the bacterial communities of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, by feeding antibiotic-treated rice and used RNA-seq to examine the transcriptome of normal rice fed with perturbed BPHs by RNA-seq. Our results showed that the composition of the bacterial communities significantly changed after the perturbation, which was accompanied by changes in distinct biological processes of rice, especially the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, compared with the effect of the BPH feeding on rice without bacterial communities perturbation. Our work establishes a protocol for bacterial communities perturbation in BPH, demonstrating the link between bacterial community and the responses to BPH feeding and providing new insights into the interaction between BPH and rice.

Guide to Protozoa of Marine Aquaculture Ponds

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Patterson ◽  
MA Burford
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
Aquaculture Pond ◽  
Aquaculture Ponds ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
The Stability

As well as being a culture environment for fish and crustaceans, an aquaculture pond is a rich and complex ecosystem that is dominated by the microbial community. The community is nourished by food and sunlight, and is made up of algae, bacteria and, importantly, protozoa. Protozoa live by eating other organisms and detritus, or by absorbing soluble organic matter dissolved in the water. Ultimately they affect water quality in aquaculture ponds, including the stability of algal and bacterial communities, and nutrient concentrations. In addition, some protozoa can have adverse effects on the health of cultured species. Guide to Protozoa of Marine Aquaculture Ponds is designed to provide a simple means of identifying the main groups of protozoa found in aquaculture ponds through the use of photographs and drawings. This is supplemented with information on the likely effects of protozoa on water quality and the health of the cultured species. This guide is an indispensable tool for those involved in rearing marine animals, as well as aquaculture researchers and teachers. Please note that this book is spiral-bound.

Effects of Long Term Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Soil Enzymes

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2608-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Dora Samuel ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Delia Mirela Tit ◽  
Carmen Elena Melinte (Frunzulica) ◽  
Lavinia Purza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

Long term productivity and conservation of soils is critical for sustaining agricultural ecosystems. The specific objective of the work reported was to determine the effects of long term application of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil enzyme activity as an index of soil biology and biochemistry. Three key soil enzymes involved in intracellular metabolism of microorganisms and two soil enzymes involved in phosphorus metabolism were selected. Actual and potential dehydrogenase, catalase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were determined in the 0-20 cm layer of an eroded soil submitted to a complex fertilization experiment. Results showed that addition of mineral fertilizers to organic (green manure and farmyard manure) fertilizers led to a significant increase in each activity because of increased plant biomass production which upon incorporation stimulates soil biological activity. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality calculated from the values of enzymatic activities depending on the kind of fertilizers showed that by the determination of enzymatic activities valuable information can be obtained regarding fertility status of soils. A weak positive correlation between enzymatic indicators of soil quality and maize yield was established. The yield data demonstrate the superiority of farmyard manure which provided greater stability in crop production. Substantial improvement in soil biological activity due to application of organic fertilizers with mineral fertilizers contribute in maintaining the productivity and soil health.

scholarly journals Effect of ecological and conventional managements on soil enzymatic activities in coffee agroecosystems

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-428
Author(s):  
Johana Juliet Caballero Vanegas ◽  
Karen Bibiana Mejía Zambrano ◽  
Lizeth Manuela Avellaneda-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Acid And Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers ◽  
Coffee Agroecosystems ◽  
Alkaline And Acid Phosphatase

ABSTRACT Understanding the impacts of agricultural practices on soil quality indicators, such as enzymatic activities, is of great importance, in order to advance in their diagnosis and sustainable management. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ecological and conventional agricultural managements on enzymatic activities of a soil under coffee agroecosystems. The enzymatic activities were associated with the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen (urease and protease), phosphorus (acid and alkaline phosphatase) and carbon (β-glucosidase), during the rainy and dry seasons. Physical-chemical soil proprieties were also assessed and related to resilience scores linked to the climatic variability reported for the areas under study. The activities of urease, alkaline and acid phosphatase and ß-glucosidase were statistically higher in ecological agroecosystems than in conventional ones. This may be attributed to the greater application of organic waste in the ecological environment, as well as to the absence of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, which allow better conditions for the microbial activity. The resilience scores to the climate variability that showed the highest correlations with the assessed enzymatic activities were: the farmers' knowledge on soil microorganisms, non-use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers and non-dependence on external supplies. It was concluded that the enzymatic activities are modified by the management systems, being specifically favored by the ecological management. This agroecosystem, in the long term, ensures an efficient use of the soil resources, with a lower degradation and contamination.

Effects of long-term biochar and biochar-based fertilizer application on brown earth soil bacterial communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 107285
Author(s):  
Mengyu Gao ◽  
Jinfeng Yang ◽  
Chunmei Liu ◽  
Bowen Gu ◽  
Meng Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Bacterial

scholarly journals Diversity and Dynamics of Seaweed Associated Microbial Communities Inhabiting the Lagoon of Venice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1657
Author(s):  
Abdul-Salam Juhmani ◽  
Alessandro Vezzi ◽  
Mohammad Wahsha ◽  
Alessandro Buosi ◽  
Fabio De Pascale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Lagoon Of Venice ◽  
Anthropogenic Stressors ◽  
Rich Diversity

Seaweeds are a group of essential photosynthetic organisms that harbor a rich diversity of associated microbial communities with substantial functions related to host health and defense. Environmental and anthropogenic stressors may disrupt the microbial communities and their metabolic activity, leading to host physiological alterations that negatively affect seaweeds’ performance and survival. Here, the bacterial communities associated with one of the most common seaweed, Ulva laetevirens Areshough, were sampled over a year at three sites of the lagoon of Venice affected by different environmental and anthropogenic stressors. Bacterial communities were characterized through Illumina sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA genes. The study demonstrated that the seaweed associated bacterial communities at sites impacted by environmental stressors were host-specific and differed significantly from the less affected site. Furthermore, these communities were significantly distinct from those of the surrounding seawater. The bacterial communities’ composition was significantly correlated with environmental parameters (nutrient concentrations, dissolved oxygen saturation, and pH) across sites. This study showed that several more abundant bacteria on U. laetevirens at stressed sites belonged to taxa related to the host response to the stressors. Overall, environmental parameters and anthropogenic stressors were shown to substantially affect seaweed associated bacterial communities, which reflect the host response to environmental variations.

Nutrient cycling differs between cropped soils with century-old and recently pyrolyzed biochar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Burgeon ◽  
Julien Fouché ◽  
Sarah Garré ◽  
Ramin Heidarian-Dehkordi ◽  
Gilles Colinet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation

<p>The amendment of biochar to soils is often considered for its potential as a climate change mitigation and adaptation tool through agriculture. Its presence in tropical agroecosystems has been reported to positively impact soil productivity whilst successfully storing C on the short and long-term. In temperate systems, recent research showed limited to no effect on productivity following recent biochar addition to soils. Its long-term effects on productivity and nutrient cycling have, however, been overlooked yet are essential before the use of biochar can be generalized.</p><p>Our study was set up in a conventionally cropped field, containing relict charcoal kiln sites used as a model for century old biochar (CoBC, ~220 years old). These sites were compared to soils amended with recently pyrolyzed biochar (YBC) and biochar free soils (REF) to study nutrient dynamics in the soil-water-plant system. Our research focused on soil chemical properties, crop nutrient uptake and soil solution nutrient concentrations. Crop plant samples were collected over three consecutive land occupations (chicory, winter wheat and a cover crop) and soil solutions gathered through the use of suctions cups inserted in different horizons of the studied Luvisol throughout the field.</p><p>Our results showed that YBC mainly influenced the soil solution composition whereas CoBC mainly impacted the total and plant available soil nutrient content. In soils with YBC, our results showed lower nitrate and potassium concentrations in subsoil horizons, suggesting a decreased leaching, and higher phosphate concentrations in topsoil horizons. With time and the oxidation of biochar particles, our results reported higher total soil N, available K and Ca in the topsoil horizon when compared to REF, whereas available P was significantly smaller. Although significant changes occurred in terms of plant available nutrient contents and soil solution nutrient concentrations, this did not transcend in variations in crop productivity between soils for neither of the studied crops. Overall, our study highlights that young or aged biochar behave as two distinct products in terms of nutrient cycling in soils. As such the sustainability of these soils differ and their management must therefore evolve with time.</p>

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