scholarly journals Tularemia as a Mosquito-Borne Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Zakaria Abdellahoum ◽  
Max Maurin ◽  
Idir Bitam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Etiologic Agents

Francisella tularensis (Ft) is the etiological agent of tularemia, a disease known for over 100 years in the northern hemisphere. Ft includes four subspecies, of which two are the etiologic agents of tularemia: Ft subsp. tularensis (Ftt) and Ft subsp. holarctica (Fth), mainly distributed in North America and the whole northern hemisphere, respectively. Several routes of human infection with these bacteria exist, notably through bites of Ixodidae ticks. However, mosquitoes represent the main vectors of Fth in Scandinavia, where large tularemia outbreaks have occurred, usually during the warm season. The mechanisms making mosquitoes vectors of Fth are still unclear. This review covers the inventory of research work and epidemiological data linking tularemia to mosquitoes in Scandinavia and highlights the gaps in understanding mosquitoes and Ft interactions.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of Two Strains of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica bv. japonica

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akitoyo Hotta ◽  
Osamu Fujita ◽  
Kiyoshi Tanabayashi ◽  
Akihiko Uda ◽  
Junji Shindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Tularensis Subsp ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Francisella tularensis, a highly infectious bacterium, is the etiological agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia. It is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, including Japan. Here, we have determined the complete genome sequences of two strains of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica bv. japonica isolated from hares in 2008 and 2009.

scholarly journals Dynamical mechanisms linking Indian monsoon precipitation and the circumglobal teleconnection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Beverley ◽  
Steven J. Woolnough ◽  
Laura H. Baker ◽  
Stephanie J. Johnson ◽  
Antje Weisheimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Rossby Waves ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Seasonal Forecast ◽  
The North ◽  
Circumglobal Teleconnection ◽  
Rossby Wave Train ◽  
Ecmwf Model

AbstractThe circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) is an important mode of circulation variability, with an influence across many parts of the northern hemisphere. Here, we examine the excitation mechanisms of the CGT in the ECMWF seasonal forecast model, and the relationship between the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), the CGT and the extratropical northern hemisphere circulation. Results from relaxation experiments, in which the model is corrected to reanalysis in specific regions, suggest that errors over northwest Europe are more important in inhibiting the model skill at representing the CGT, in addition to northern hemisphere skill more widely, than west-central Asia and the ISM region, although the link between ISM precipitation and the extratropical circulation is weak in all experiments. Thermal forcing experiments in the ECMWF model, in which a heating is applied over India, suggest that the ISM does force an extratropical Rossby wave train, with upper tropospheric anticyclonic anomalies over east Asia, the North Pacific and North America associated with increased ISM heating. However, this eastward-propagating branch of the wave train does not project into Europe, and the response there occurs largely through westward-propagating Rossby waves. Results from barotropic model experiments show a response that is highly consistent with the seasonal forecast model, with similar eastward- and westward-propagating Rossby waves. This westward-propagating response is shown to be important in the downstream reinforcement of the wave train between Asia and North America.

Six-fold increase in historical Northern Hemisphere concurrent large heatwaves driven by warming and changing atmospheric circulations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Cassandra D.W. Rogers ◽  
Kai Kornhuber ◽  
Sarah E. Perkins-Kirkpatrick ◽  
Paul C. Loikith ◽  
Deepti Singh
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Barents And Kara Seas

AbstractSimultaneous heatwaves affecting multiple regions (referred to as concurrent heatwaves), pose compounding threats to various natural and societal systems, including global food chains, emergency response systems, and reinsurance industries. While anthropogenic climate change is increasing heatwave risks across most regions, the interactions between warming and circulation changes that yield concurrent heatwaves remain understudied. Here, we quantify historical (1979-2019) trends in concurrent heatwaves during the warm-season (May-September, MJJAS) across the Northern Hemisphere mid- to high-latitudes. We find a significant increase of ~46% in the mean spatial extent of concurrent heatwaves, ~17% increase in their maximum intensity, and ~6-fold increase in their frequency. Using Self-Organising Maps, we identify large-scale circulation patterns (300 hPa) associated with specific concurrent heatwave configurations across Northern Hemisphere regions. We show that observed changes in the frequency of specific circulation patterns preferentially increase the risk of concurrent heatwaves across particular regions. Patterns linking concurrent heatwaves across eastern North America, eastern and northern Europe, parts of Asia, and the Barents and Kara Seas, show the largest increases in frequency (~5.9 additional days per decade). We also quantify the relative contributions of circulation pattern changes and warming to overall observed concurrent heatwave day frequency trends. While warming has a predominant and positive influence on increasing concurrent heatwaves, circulation pattern changes have a varying influence and account for up to 0.8 additional concurrent heatwave days per decade. Identifying regions with an elevated risk of concurrent heatwaves and understanding their drivers is indispensable for evaluating projected climate risks on interconnected societal systems and fostering regional preparedness in a changing climate.

Fossil flower of Staphylea L. from the Miocene amber of Mexico: New evidence of the Boreotropical Flora in low-latitude North America

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana L. Hernández-Damián ◽  
Sergio R. S. Cevallos-Ferriz ◽  
Alma R. Huerta-Vergara
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
First Record ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Evidence

ABSTRACTA new flower preserved in amber in sediments of Simojovel de Allende, México, is identified as an extinct member of Staphyleaceae, a family of angiosperms consisting of only three genera (Staphylea, Turpinia and Euscaphis), which has a large and abundant fossil record and is today distributed over the Northern Hemisphere. Staphylea ochoterenae sp. nov. is the first record of a flower for this group, which is small, pedicelled, pentamer, bisexual, with sepals and petals with similar size, dorsifixed anthers and superior ovary. Furthermore, the presence of stamens with pubescent filaments allows close comparison with extant flowers of Staphylea bulmada and S. forresti, species currently growing in Asia. However, their different number of style (one vs. three) and the apparent lack of a floral disc distinguish them from S. ochoterenae. The presence of Staphyleaceae in southern Mexico ca. 23 to 15My ago is evidence of the long history of integration of vegetation in low-latitude North America, in which some lineages, such as Staphylea, could move southwards from high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, as part of the Boreotropical Flora. In Mexico it grew in association with tropical elements, as suggested by the fossil record of the area.

scholarly journals Drought Relief and Reversal over North America from 1500 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
M. C. A. Torbenson ◽  
D. W. Stahle ◽  
I. M. Howard ◽  
D. J. Burnette ◽  
D. Griffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
North America ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The North ◽  
Drought Relief

Abstract Season-to-season persistence of soil moisture drought varies across North America. Such interseasonal autocorrelation can have modest skill in forecasting future conditions several months in advance. Because robust instrumental observations of precipitation span less than 100 years, the temporal stability of the relationship between seasonal moisture anomalies is uncertain. The North American Seasonal Precipitation Atlas (NASPA) is a gridded network of separately reconstructed cool-season (December–April) and warm-season (May–July) precipitation series and offers new insights on the intra-annual changes in drought for up to 2000 years. Here, the NASPA precipitation reconstructions are rescaled to represent the long-term soil moisture balance during the cool season and 3-month-long atmospheric moisture during the warm season. These rescaled seasonal reconstructions are then used to quantify the frequency, magnitude, and spatial extent of cool-season drought that was relieved or reversed during the following summer months. The adjusted seasonal reconstructions reproduce the general patterns of large-scale drought amelioration and termination in the instrumental record during the twentieth century and are used to estimate relief and reversals for the most skillfully reconstructed past 500 years. Subcontinental-to-continental-scale reversals of cool-season drought in the following warm season have been rare, but the reconstructions display periods prior to the instrumental data of increased reversal probabilities for the mid-Atlantic region and the U.S. Southwest. Drought relief at the continental scale may arise in part from macroscale ocean–atmosphere processes, whereas the smaller-scale regional reversals may reflect land surface feedbacks and stochastic variability.

scholarly journals Case report on the human infection with Tularemia in Mykolaiv Region, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
O. B. Zlenko ◽  
O. S. Ignatenkov ◽  
K. V. Vinokurova ◽  
A. P. Gerilovych
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Type Settlement ◽  
Positive Results

The work aims to provide a study and report the case with a 47-year-old white man from urban-type settlement Oleksandrivka (Voznesensk District, Mykolaiv Region) diagnosed with pharyngitis, amygdalitis, polylymphoadenopathy, and buboadenitis caused by Francisella tularensis. The tularemia diagnosis in the patient was confirmed with agglutination test and western blot of patient’s blood serum in dilutions 1:100 and 1:200 respectively. The additional surveillance study (rodents, ticks, and water samples) in the surrounding area of the patient’s house showed positive results for F. tularensis in ticks in dilution 1:160++++

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Cases Associated with Abortion in Sheep and Goat in Marmara Region of Turkey, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 494-498
Author(s):  
Zuleyha Pestil
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lineage Iv

The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) infections associated with abortion in sheep and goat samples from the Marmara region of Turkey during 2018. The study was carried out from 116 sheep and 26 goat abortion cases. PPR virus (PPRV) detection in these samples was performed using real-time RT-PCR (Q-RT-PCR). Then, sequence analysis was performed from PPRV positive samples. Q-RT-PCR results demonstrated that 12 (10.34%) out of 116 sheep abortion samples and 3 (11.53%) out of 26 goat abortion samples were positive for PPRV genome. The sequence results of RT-PCR positive products revealed that the viruses causing the cases belong to lineage IV. Furthermore, molecular analysis showed that present cases were not related to PPRV vaccine strains or its mutants. Marmara region, where this study was conducted, is a neighbour of European countries such as Bulgaria and Greece. The first PPR cases in Europe were reported from Bulgaria at the beginning of 2018 and subsequently, other cases also reported before are mentioned in the present study. This study provides valuable information to understand the epidemiology of recently emerged PPRV cases in Europe and Turkey. Furthermore, because of the prevalence of PPRV in abortion samples in this study, these results suggest that PPRV may be one of the possible etiologic agents of abortions in sheep and goat. However, for clarification of the relationship between abortion and PPRV, there is need more robust epidemiological data and experimental infection studies

Typification of the Mediterranean endemic conifer Juniperus turbinata (Cupressaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 302 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO PABLO FERRER-GALLEGO ◽  
ROBERTO NAZZARO ◽  
INMACULADA FERRANDO ◽  
EMILIO LAGUNA
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Semi Arid

The genus Juniperus Linnaeus (1753: 1038) (Cupressaceae Gray, nom. cons.) is a major component of arid and semi-arid tree/shrub ecosystems throughout the Northern Hemisphere (Thorne 1972, Adams 2004, 2008, 2014, Farjon 2005). The genus is monophyletic (Adams 2004, 2008, 2014, Little 2006, Mao et al. 2010), and three monophyletic sections are currently recognized: J. sect. Caryocedrus Endlicher (1847: 2), with one species in the Mediterranean; J. sect. Juniperus, with nine species in East Asia and the Mediterranean plus the circumboreal J. communis Linnaeus (1753: 1040); and J. sect. Sabina Spach (1841: 291), with 56 species distributed in southwestern North America, Asia and the Mediterranean region, with outliers in Africa and the Canary Islands.

scholarly journals A Multiregion Model Evaluation and Attribution Study of Historical Changes in the Area Affected by Temperature and Precipitation Extremes

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (23) ◽  
pp. 8285-8299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea J. Dittus ◽  
David J. Karoly ◽  
Sophie C. Lewis ◽  
Lisa V. Alexander ◽  
Markus G. Donat
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Total Annual Precipitation ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Increasing Trends

Abstract The skill of eight climate models in simulating the variability and trends in the observed areal extent of daily temperature and precipitation extremes is evaluated across five large-scale regions, using the climate extremes index (CEI) framework. Focusing on Europe, North America, Asia, Australia, and the Northern Hemisphere, results show that overall the models are generally able to simulate the decadal variability and trends of the observed temperature and precipitation components over the period 1951–2005. Climate models are able to reproduce observed increasing trends in the area experiencing warm maximum and minimum temperature extremes, as well as, to a lesser extent, increasing trends in the areas experiencing an extreme contribution of heavy precipitation to total annual precipitation for the Northern Hemisphere regions. Using simulations performed under different radiative forcing scenarios, the causes of simulated and observed trends are investigated. A clear anthropogenic signal is found in the trends in the maximum and minimum temperature components for all regions. In North America, a strong anthropogenically forced trend in the maximum temperature component is simulated despite no significant trend in the gridded observations, although a trend is detected in a reanalysis product. A distinct anthropogenic influence is also found for trends in the area affected by a much-above-average contribution of heavy precipitation to annual precipitation totals for Europe in a majority of models and to varying degrees in other Northern Hemisphere regions. However, observed trends in the area experiencing extreme total annual precipitation and extreme number of wet and dry days are not reproduced by climate models under any forcing scenario.

Lake ice phenology changes in the northern hemisphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubao Qiu ◽  
Xingxing Wang ◽  
Matti Leppäranta ◽  
Bin Cheng ◽  
Yixiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
North America ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Passive Microwave ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Northern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Ice Phenology

<p>Lake-ice phenology is an essential indicator of climate change impact for different regions (Livingstone, 1997; Duguay, 2010), which helps understand the regional characters of synchrony and asynchrony. The observation of lake ice phenology includes ground observation and remote sensing inversion. Although some lakes have been observed for hundreds of years, due to the limitations of the observation station and the experience of the observers, ground observations cannot obtain the lake ice phenology of the entire lake. Remote sensing has been used for the past 40 years, in particular, has provided data covering the high mountain and high latitude regions, where the environment is harsh and ground observations are lacking. Remote sensing also provides a unified data source and monitoring standard, and the possibility of monitoring changes in lake ice in different regions and making comparisons between them. The existing remote sensing retrieval products mainly cover North America and Europe, and data for Eurasia is lacking (Crétaux et al., 2020).</p><p>Based on the passive microwave, the lake ice phenology of 522 lakes in the northern hemisphere during 1978-2020 was obtained, including Freeze-Up Start (FUS), Freeze-Up End (FUE), Break-Up Start (BUS), Break-Up End (BUE), and Ice Cover Duration (ICD). The ICD is the duration from the FUS to the BUE, which can directly reflect the ice cover condition. At latitudes north of 60°N, the average of ICD is approximately 8-9 months in North America and 5-6 months in Eurasia. Limited by the spatial resolution of the passive microwave, lake ice monitoring is mainly in Northern Europe. Therefore, the average of ICD over Eurasia is shorter, while the ICD is more than 6 months for most lakes in Russia. After 2000, the ICD has shown a shrinking trend, except northeastern North America (southeast of the Hudson Bay) and the northern Tibetan Plateau. The reasons for the extension of ice cover duration need to be analyzed with parameters, such as temperature, the lake area, and lake depth, in the two regions.</p>

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