scholarly journals Evidence for the Dissemination to Humans of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 through the Pork Production Chain: A Study in a Portuguese Slaughterhouse

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ons Bouchami ◽  
Maria João Fraqueza ◽  
Nuno Alexandre Faria ◽  
Valquíria Alves ◽  
Opeyemi Uwangbaoje Lawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Clonal Type ◽  
Mrsa St398

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) ST398 was recovered from infections in humans exposed to animals, raising public health concerns. However, contact with food producing chain as a means of transmission of LA-MRSA to humans remains poorly understood. We aimed to assess if pork production chain is a source of MRSA ST398 for human colonization and infection. MRSA from live pigs, meat, the environment, and slaughterhouse workers were analyzed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), spa, MLST typing, SNPs and for antibiotic resistance and virulence gene profiles. We compared core and accessory genomes of MRSA ST398 isolated from slaughterhouse and hospital. We detected MRSA ST398 (t011, t108, t1451) along the entire pork production chain (live pigs: 60%; equipment: 38%; meat: 23%) and in workers (40%). All MRSA ST398 were multidrug resistant, and the majority carried genes encoding biocide resistance and enterotoxins. We found 23 cross-transmission events between live pigs, meat, and workers (6–55 SNPs). MRSA ST398 from infection and slaughterhouse environment belonged to the same clonal type (ST398, t011, SCCmec V), but differed in 321–378 SNPs. Pork production chain can be a source of MRSA ST398 for colonization of human slaughterhouse workers, which can represent a risk of subsequent meat contamination and human infection.

Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Fresh Meat Pork Production Chain

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIRGIT BENEKE ◽  
SYLVIA KLEES ◽  
BIRGIT STÜHRENBERG ◽  
ALEXANDRA FETSCH ◽  
BRITTA KRAUSHAAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Spa Types

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on different stages of a fresh pork production chain to reveal potential carryover from live animals to meat. Samples were collected at different stages of the production process in a large German abattoir with an integrated processing unit for fresh pork. Samples included nasal swabs from pigs at stunning, environmental samples from the slaughter line, surface samples from carcasses, environmental and meat samples from the processing unit, and samples from final products. Samples were analyzed with an established two-step selective enrichment method, and isolates were characterized with respect to their S. aureus protein A gene (spa) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec; which harbors the mecA gene) types. Contamination rate was highest (64.7%) in nasal swabs and lower (6.0%) on carcasses, meat at processing (4.2%), and final products (2.8%). Environmental samples were positive along the slaughter line (12%) but not in the processing unit. spa types t011 and t034 and SCCmec type V predominated the isolates. Heterogeneity of spa types was highest in nasal swabs. Results show that methicillin-resistant S. aureus can be identified at all stages of the production chain. Further studies are needed to identify potential control points to reduce the carryover from farm animals to the final products.

Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus on Belgian Pork

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIJKE VERHEGGHE ◽  
FLORENCE CROMBÉ ◽  
KAAT LUYCKX ◽  
FREDDY HAESEBROUCK ◽  
PATRICK BUTAYE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pork Production

ABSTRACT Since the first description of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA), a high prevalence was observed in pigs. At present, questions remain about the transmission of LA-MRSA to the general human population through pork. The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of LA-MRSA in Belgian pork and to determine the role of the pork production chain and butcheries in transmission of LA-MRSA to the human population. Pig meat samples (chops, bacon, minced pork, ribs, forelimbs, and ears; n =137) originating from four butcheries (A through D) were spread plated on ChromID MRSA plates both before and after overnight enrichment culture. Suspect colonies were confirmed using a MRSA-specific triplex PCR assay and a CC398-specific PCR assay. The isolates (n =147) were further characterized by SCCmec typing, multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, a selection of isolates were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and spa typing. Direct plating revealed a MRSA prevalence of 8%. After enrichment, MRSA was isolated from 98 (72%) of 137 samples of which the majority were from rib, ear, and forelimb. The majority (97%) of obtained isolates belonged to CC398, the main LA-MRSA type. A high level of genetic diversity was noted among the isolates from one butchery. Thirty antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were found; 13 and 9% of the isolates had Cip-Tet-Tri and Gen-Kan-Tet-Tob-Tri profiles, respectively. These results indicate the importance of enrichment for MRSA detection of pork. The observed genetic diversity of the isolates indicated that the pork production chain can be considered a source of multiple MRSA types that could be transmitted to the human population through cross-contaminated meat.

From Pig to Pork: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Pork Production Chain

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIRGIT LASSOK ◽  
BERND-ALOIS TENHAGEN
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pork Production

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major global public health concern and could be a food safety issue. Recurrent reports have documented that pig herds are an important reservoir for MRSA, specifically the livestock-associated sequence type 398. The high prevalence of MRSA in pig primary production facilities and the frequent detection of MRSA of the same types in pork and pig meat products raise the question of underlying mechanisms behind the introduction and transmission of MRSA along the pork production chain. A comprehensive review of current literature on the worldwide presence of livestock-associated MRSA in various steps of the pork production chain revealed that the slaughter process plays a decisive role in MRSA transmission from farm to fork. Superficial heat treatments such as scalding and flaming during the slaughter process can significantly reduce the burden of MRSA on the carcasses. However, recontamination with MRSA might occur via surface treating machinery, as a result of fecal contamination at evisceration, or via increased human handling during meat processing. By optimizing processes for carcass decontamination and avoiding recontamination by effective cleaning and personal hygiene management, transmission of MRSA from pig to pork can be minimized.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Virulence Determinants and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Methicillin—Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Nursing Home in Poland

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Martyna Kasela ◽  
Agnieszka Grzegorczyk ◽  
Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek ◽  
Anna Malm
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis

Nursing homes (NH) contribute to the regional spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, residents are vulnerable to the colonization and subsequent infection of MRSA etiology. We aimed at investigating the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of 21 MRSA collected from the residents and personnel in an NH (Lublin, Poland) during 2018. All MRSA were screened for 20 genes encoding virulence determinants (sea-see, eta, etb, tst, lukS-F-PV, eno, cna, ebpS, fib, bbp, fnbA, fnbB, icaADBC) and for resistance to 18 antimicrobials. To establish the relatedness and clonal complexes of MRSA in NH we applied multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat fingerprinting (MLVF), pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. We identified four sequence types (ST) among two clonal complexes (CC): ST (CC22) known as EMRSA-15 as well as three novel STs—ST6295 (CC8), ST6293 (CC8) and ST6294. All tested MRSA were negative for sec, eta, etb, lukS-F-PV, bbp and ebpS genes. The most prevalent gene encoding toxin was sed (52.4%; n = 11/21), and adhesins were eno and fnbA (100%). Only 9.5% (n = 2/21) of MRSA were classified as multidrug-resistant. The emergence of novel MRSA with a unique virulence and the presence of epidemic clone EMRSA-15 creates challenges for controlling the spread of MRSA in NH.

scholarly journals Distribution of virulence genes and SCCmec types among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of clinical and environmental origin: a study from community of Assam, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Bhowmik ◽  
Shiela Chetri ◽  
Bhaskar Jyoti Das ◽  
Debadatta Dhar Chanda ◽  
Amitabha Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Clinical Community ◽  
Type V ◽  
Sccmec Types

Abstract Objective This study was designed to discover the dissemination of virulence genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical, community and environmental settings. Results This study includes 1165 isolates collected from hospital, community and environmental settings. Among them sixty three were confirmed as MRSA with varied SCCmec types viz; type I, type II, type III, type IV, type V, type VI, type VII, type VIII and type XII. The virulence gene such as sea (n = 54), seb (n = 21), eta (n = 27), etb (n = 2), cna (n = 24), ica (n = 2) and tst (n = 30) was also revealed from this study. The study underscores coexistence of resistance cassette and virulence genes among clinical and environment isolates which is first of its kind from this part of the world.

Non-Multidrug-Resistant, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Neonatal Unit

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. e252-e259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cilmara P. Garcia ◽  
Juliana F. Rosa ◽  
Maria A. Cursino ◽  
Renata D. Lobo ◽  
Carla H. Mollaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Neonatal Unit ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS USING TOUCHDOWN PCR AND PHENOTYPIC METHODS FROM PATIENTS AND HOSPITALS ENVIRONMENTS IN DIFFERENT IRAQI CITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1356-1364
Author(s):  
A. M. Abd Zaid ◽  
N. J. Kandala
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Base Medium ◽  
Touchdown Pcr ◽  
Phenotypic Methods

The study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MRSA in some Iraqi hospitals and determine the most powerful methods for identification of MRSA, in order to achieve the, 278 samples were collected from different hospitals in Iraq in various intervals, 204 out of 287 were identified as Staphylococcus aureus by conventional cultural methods and microscopic characteristics and 177 isolates are identified as MRSA by using HiCrome MeReSa Agar Base medium, but 154 of 177 (87%) isolates are methicillin resistance in sensitivity test. MRSA isolates were highly resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and considered multidrug resistant (MDR) in percent of (94.9%). Touchdown PCR used to identify the isolates, 97.05% were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, while 80.88%  as MRSA.                  

scholarly journals Distribution of Virulence Genes Among Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus of Clinical and Environmental Origin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Bhowmik ◽  
Shiela Chetri ◽  
Bhaskar Jyoti Das ◽  
Debadatta Dhar Chanda ◽  
Amitabha Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Type V

Abstract Objective: This study was designed to discover the dissemination of virulence genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical and environmental settings. Results: The virulence gene such as sea (n=54), seb (n=21), eta (n=27), etb (n=2), cna (n=24), ica (n=2) and tst (n=30) was revealed from this study. Different SCCmec types such as type I, type II, type III, type IV, type V, type VI, type VII, type VIII and type XII were detected among sixty three MRSA isolates where SCCmec type II having ST1551 and type V with ST2416 were found to be associated with multidrug resistance and were highly prevalent in the study area.

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