scholarly journals Anaplasma and Theileria Pathogens in Cattle of Lambwe Valley, Kenya: A Case for Pro-Active Surveillance in the Wildlife–Livestock Interface

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1830
Author(s):  
Michael N. Okal ◽  
Brenda Kisia Odhiambo ◽  
Peter Otieno ◽  
Joel L. Bargul ◽  
Daniel Masiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herd Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Melting Analysis ◽  
Lambwe Valley ◽  
Anaplasma Bovis ◽  
Insight Into

Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) are major constraints to livestock production and a threat to public health in Africa. This cross-sectional study investigated the risk of infection with TBPs in cattle of Lambwe Valley, Kenya. Blood samples of 680 zebu cattle from 95 herds in six geospatial clusters within 5 km of Ruma National Park were screened for bacterial and protozoan TBPs by high-resolution melting analysis and sequencing of PCR products. We detected Anaplasma bovis (17.4%), Anaplasma platys (16.9%), Anaplasma marginale (0.6%), Theileria velifera (40%), and Theileria mutans (25.7%), as well as an Anaplasma sp. (11.6%) that matched recently reported Anaplasma sp. sequences from Ethiopia. Babesia, Rickettsia, and Ehrlichia spp. were not detected. The animal and herd-level prevalences for TBPs were 78.5% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 75.3, 81.5) and 95.8% (95% CI: 91.8, 99.8), respectively. About 31.6% of cattle were co-infected with 13 combinations of TBPs. The prevalence of TBPs differed between clusters and age, but the risk of infection was not associated with sex, herd size, or the distance of homesteads from Ruma. This study adds insight into the epidemiology of TBPs around Ruma and highlights the need for proactive surveillance of TBPs in livestock–wildlife interfaces.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Trypanosome Species in Cattle Near Ruma National Park, Lambwe Valley, Kenya: An Update From the Historical Focus for African Trypanosomosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shewit Kalayou ◽  
Michael Nyang'anga Okal ◽  
Peter Otieno Odhiambo ◽  
Kawira Mathenge ◽  
Daniel Ochieng Gamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Park ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bovine Trypanosomosis ◽  
Lambwe Valley

The effective control of diseases in areas shared with wildlife depends on the validity of the epidemiologic parameters that guide interventions. Epidemiologic data on animal trypanosomosis in Lambwe valley are decades old, and the recent suspected outbreaks of the disease in the valley necessitate the urgent bridging of this data gap. This cross-sectional study estimated the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis, identified risk factors, and investigated the occurrence of species with zoonotic potential in Lambwe valley. The area is ~324 km2, of which 120 km2 is the Ruma National Park. Blood was sampled from the jugular and marginal ear veins of 952 zebu cattle between December 2018 and February 2019 and tested for trypanosomes using the Buffy Coat Technique (BCT) and PCR-High-Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis of the 18S RNA locus. Risk factors for the disease were determined using logistic regression. The overall trypanosome prevalence was 11.0% by BCT [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.0–13.0] and 27.9% by PCR-HRM (95% CI: 25.1–30.8). With PCR-HRM as a reference, four species of trypanosomes were detected at prevalences of 12.7% for T. congolense savannah (95% CI: 10.6–14.8), 7.7% for T. brucei brucei (CI: 6.0–9.4), 8.7% for T. vivax (CI: 6.9–10.5), and 1.3% for T. theileri (CI: 0.6–2.0). About 2.4% of cattle had mixed infections (CI: 1.4–3.41). No human-infective trypanosomes were found. Infections clustered across villages but were not associated with animal age, sex, herd size, and distance from the park. Approximately 85% of infections occurred within 2 km of the park. These findings add to evidence that previous interventions eliminated human trypanosomosis but not bovine trypanosomosis. Risk-tailored intervention within 2 km of Ruma Park, especially in the north and south ends, coupled with stringent screening with molecular tools, could significantly reduce bovine trypanosomosis.

Socio-Demographic Factors and Health-Related Behaviors Associated with Gerontology

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-370
Author(s):  
Dr. Ravi S. Dalawai
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Insight Into

Indian population is in growing trend from 942.2 million in 1994 to 1.36 billion in 2019.Among this six per cent of India's population was of the age 65 and above (UNFPA, 2019). Today the work culture is totally changed. Both husband and wife are forced to work in the current scenario and unable to take care of their parents. The changing structure created increased problems for old age people leads to loneliness, psychological, physical health and financial insecurity. The study paper provides insight into the social and demographic factor and health related sickness of the oldest people. This research explained the cross-sectional study included a representative sample (n=116) of adults aged ≥60 years. The sample was chosen using a four-stage stratified random-cluster survey sampling method .The Chi Square test and ANOVA test was analyzed using SPSS20.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic and Behavioral Correlates of COVID-19 Infections among Hospital Workers in the Greater Jakarta Area, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5048
Author(s):  
Adrianna Bella ◽  
Mochamad Thoriq Akbar ◽  
Gita Kusnadi ◽  
Olivia Herlinda ◽  
Putri Aprilia Regita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Worker ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hospital Workers ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Cross Sectional

(1) Background: because of close contacts with COVID-19 patients, hospital workers are among the highest risk groups for infection. This study examined the socioeconomic and behavioral correlates of COVID-19 infection among hospital workers in Indonesia, the country hardest-hit by the disease in the Southeast Asia region. (2) Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study, which collected data from 1397 hospital staff from eight hospitals in the Greater Jakarta area during April–July 2020. The data was collected using an online self-administered questionnaire and Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) tests. We employed descriptive statistics and adjusted and unadjusted logistic regressions to analyze the data of hospital workers as well as the subgroups of healthcare and non-healthcare workers. (3) Results: from a total of 1397 hospital staff in the study, 22 (1.6%) were infected. In terms of correlates, being a healthcare worker (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 8.31, 95% CI 1.27–54.54) and having a household size of more than five (AOR = 4.09, 1.02–16.43) were significantly associated with a higher risk of infection. On the other hand, those with middle- and upper-expenditure levels were shown to have a lower risk of infection (AOR = 0.06, 0.01–0.66). Behavioral factors associated with COVID-19 infection among healthcare and non-healthcare workers included knowledge of standard personal protective equipment (PPE) (AOR = 0.08, 0.01–0.54) and application of the six-step handwashing technique (AOR = 0.32, 0.12–0.83). (4) Conclusion: among hospital staff, correlates of COVID-19 infection included being a healthcare worker, household size, expenditure level, knowledge and use of PPE, and application of appropriate hand washing techniques.

scholarly journals The Structure of Walking Activity in People After Stroke Compared With Older Adults Without Disability: A Cross-Sectional Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1141-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Roos ◽  
Katherine S. Rudolph ◽  
Darcy S. Reisman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Activity Monitor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
Lca Group ◽  
Insight Into

Background People with stroke have reduced walking activity. It is not known whether this deficit is due to a reduction in all aspects of walking activity or only in specific areas. Understanding specific walking activity deficits is necessary for the development of interventions that maximize improvements in activity after stroke. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine walking activity in people poststroke compared with older adults without disability. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted. Methods Fifty-four participants poststroke and 18 older adults without disability wore a step activity monitor for 3 days. The descriptors of walking activity calculated included steps per day (SPD), bouts per day (BPD), steps per bout (SPB), total time walking per day (TTW), percentage of time walking per day (PTW), and frequency of short, medium, and long walking bouts. Results Individuals classified as household and limited community ambulators (n=29) did not differ on any measure and were grouped (HHA-LCA group) for comparison with unlimited community ambulators (UCA group) (n=22) and with older adults without disability (n=14). The SPD, TTW, PTW, and BPD measurements were greatest in older adults and lowest in the HHA-LCA group. Seventy-two percent to 74% of all walking bouts were short, and this finding did not differ across groups. Walking in all categories (short, medium, and long) was lowest in the HHA-LCA group, greater in the UCA group, and greatest in older adults without disability. Limitations Three days of walking activity were captured. Conclusions The specific descriptors of walking activity presented provide insight into walking deficits after stroke that cannot be ascertained by looking at steps per day alone. The deficits that were revealed could be addressed through appropriate exercise prescription, underscoring the need to analyze the structure of walking activity.

scholarly journals Demographic Analysis of Emergency Department Patients at the Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Lammers ◽  
Willem Folmer ◽  
Esther M. M. Van Lieshout ◽  
Terry Mulligan ◽  
Jan C. Christiaanse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Surgeon ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Emergency Department Patients ◽  
Insight Into

Emergency medicine is an upcoming discipline that is still under development in many countries. Therefore, it is important to gain insight into the organization and patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to provide an epidemiological description of complaints and referrals of the patients visiting the ED of the Ruijin Hospital in Shanghai, China. A questionnaire was developed and completed for a convenience sample of all patients presenting to the Triage Desk of the ED. The study was performed in June 2008. A total of 2183 questionnaires were completed. The most common complaints were fever (15%), stomach/abdominal pain (15%), vertigo/dizziness (11%), and cough (10%). Following triage, patients were predominantly referred to an internist (41%), neurologist (14%), pulmonologist (11%), or general surgeon (9%). This study provides a better understanding of the reason for the ED visit and the triage system at the ED of the Ruijin Hospital. The results can be used in order to improve facilities appropriate for the specific population in the ED.

The Relationship Between Insight and Internalized Stigma in Persons With Sever Mental Illness

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S453-S453
Author(s):  
D. Szczesniak ◽  
I. Wojciechowska ◽  
M. Kłapciński ◽  
E. Zwyrtek ◽  
J. Rymaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

IntroductionStigma is a multistage process that makes person marked by the stigma to be perceived as diminished or even as “not fully human”. The internalized stigmatization is seen as one of the levels of stigma to be present in persons with mental illness. A new perspective to mediation models between internalized stigma and illness-related factors is needed.AimTo assess the relationship between insight in mental illness and internalized stigma, as well to verify the knowledge of illness-related factors on the phenomenon of internalized stigma among patients with severe mental illnesses.MethodsA cross-sectional study design conducted among participants of both sexes between 18 years old and 65 years old with diagnosis of psychotic disorders (F20–29) and mood disorders (F30–39), who after reading the information about the study, give their written consent to participate. Among used methods were: a questionnaire of Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) by Ritsher [Boyed] et al. translated into Polish version and self-prepared interviews. Insight into mental illness was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.ResultsThe preliminary results showed patients with the insight into the mental illness have significantly higher scores on the ISMI scale. Moreover, inpatient participants and those with the diagnosis of depression were characterized by higher level of stereotype endorsement compared with outpatients and psychotic patients.ConclusionsThe obtained results may contribute in the clinical and therapeutic fields, assuming that insight and the type of treatment are strongly linked with the process of recovery and the internalized stigma.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Self-stigma, insight, and family burden among Israeli mothers of people with serious mental illness: Ethno-national considerations

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaara Zisman-Ilani ◽  
Ilanit Hasson-Ohayon ◽  
Itamar Levy-Frank ◽  
Rivka Tuval-Mashiach ◽  
David Roe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Burden ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Affiliation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

The current cross-sectional study investigated and compared the associations between insight, self-stigma, and family burden among Jewish and Arab mothers of an adult son or daughter with serious mental illness (SMI) in Israel. A total of 162 Israeli mothers of a person with SMI participated in the study; 95 were Jewish (58.6%), and 67 were Arab (41.4%). Insight, self-stigma, and family burden scales were administered. Jewish mothers reported higher levels of insight into their son’s or daughter’s illness and reported greater family burden compared to Arab mothers. No significant differences in self-stigma scores were found between Jewish and Arab mothers. The pattern of associations between insight, self-stigma, and burden differed between Jewish and Arab mothers. Self-stigma was found to mediate the relationship between insight and burden among Jewish mothers but not among Arab mothers. Ethno-national affiliation should be taken into consideration regarding how family members conceptualize and experience mental illness, as this might affect care.

scholarly journals Shigella and Salmonella, Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Risk Factors among Diarrheic Children in Southern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manamo Hayamo ◽  
Tsegaye Alemayehu ◽  
Bereket Tadesse ◽  
Enkusilasie Mitiku ◽  
Zufan Bedawi
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Open Container

Abstract Background: Salmonella and Shigella is a major health problem worldwide, in developing countries like Ethiopia, it is responsible for high morbidity and mortality of children. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella infection, their antibiotic susceptibility pattern and associated risk factor among the diarrheic pediatrics patients that visited Alamura Health Center in southern Ethiopia. Method: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted at Alamura Health Center from April 2018 – July 2019. The study was performed on pediatrics below the age of 14 years in which consecutive children with diarrhea were included for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data after assent and consent obtained from parents or care taker. The stool sample cultured as per the standard operating procedure (SOP) of the microbiology laboratory. Antibiogram was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and was interpreted based on the Clinical and laboratory standard institute guidline (CLSI) version 2018. Results: Out of 263 children enrolled in the study, 50.5 % were females. The overall, 21/263 (8 %) 95% CI, (4.6 - 11.4%) Shigella and Salmonella was isolated. Shigella dysenteriae was dominantly isolated 11 (4.2%) followed by 9(3.42%) Shigella spp, and 1(0.38%) Salmonella typhi. Those with habit of washing the hands of children after toilet sometimes (AOR = 235.1, 95% CI, 20.9 - 2643.3, P = .000) and store cooked food in open container for later use (AOR = 36.44, 95% CI, 5.82 - 228.06, P = .000) showed statistically significant association. Conclusion: High level of Shigella spp and one Salmonella was isolated from diarrheic children at Alamura Health Center. Shigella dysentery was the most dominantly isolated. Those practised hands wash for their child after defecation for sometimes was 235.1-fold at risk of infection. Similarly, those store foods for later use in an open container was 36.44 times at risk of infection. Therefore, to alleviate this infection the concerned body should focus on giving health education for hand wash after defecation and storing food in a closed container later use is mandatory.

scholarly journals Relating aspects of adolescents’ critical nutrition literacy at the personal level

Nutrire ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desire Alice Naigaga ◽  
Kjell Sverre Pettersen ◽  
Sigrun Henjum ◽  
Øystein Guttersrud
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Nutrition Information ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Efforts targeting adolescents’ dietary behaviour have often focused on improving their access to nutrition information; however, adolescents report finding nutrition information difficult to understand. Exploring adolescents’ critical nutrition literacy might provide insight into how best to improve their use of available nutrition information. Purpose The purpose of this article is to explore how the two aspects of the critical nutrition literacy - critical evaluation of nutrition information’ and ‘engagement in dietary behaviour’ are linked at personal level. Additionally, the study sought to establish the association between critical nutrition literacy and self-efficacy in nutrition related subjects. Methods Applying a cross-sectional study design, the study sampled 1622 adolescents aged 15-16years, enrolled in 58 secondary schools in Norway. The adolescents responded to scales measuring self-efficacy and CNL. Using Lisrel 9.30, the study evaluated a structural equation model linking CNL and SEBH. Results The study yielded a simple yet theoretically sound model depicting the link between CNL and self-efficacy. Conclusion Efforts promoting adolescents’ nutrition literacy might benefit from increasing their self-efficacy in nutrition-related subjects.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody in healthcare workers: a multicentre cross-sectional study in 10 Colombian cities

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2021-107487
Author(s):  
Jeadran Nevardo Malagón-Rojas ◽  
Marcela Mercado-Reyes ◽  
Yezith G Toloza-Pérez ◽  
Eliana L Parra Barrera ◽  
Marien Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Automated Immunoassay

BackgroundHealthcare workers are at increased risk of infection due to occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers in Colombia.MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional study focused on estimating the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers from 65 hospitals in 10 cities in Colombia during the second semester of 2020. The seroprevalence was determined using an automated immunoassay (Abbott SARS-CoV-2 CLIA IgG). The study included a survey to establish the sociodemographic variables and the risk of infection. A multivariate model was used to evaluate the association between the results of seroprevalence and risk factors.ResultsThe global seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 35% (95% Bayesian CI 33% to 37%). All the personnel reported the use of protective equipment. General services personnel and nurses presented the highest ratios of seroprevalence among the healthcare workers. Low socioeconomic strata have shown a strong association with seropositivity.ConclusionThis study estimates the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers. Even though all the personnel reported the use of protective equipment, the seroprevalence in the general services personnel and nurses was high. Also, a significant difference by cities was observed.

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