scholarly journals Autoimmune Gastritis and Gastric Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1827
Author(s):  
Laura Conti ◽  
Bruno Annibale ◽  
Edith Lahner
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Autoimmune Gastritis ◽  
Gastric Disease ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Oxyntic Mucosa ◽  
Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Gastric Microbiota

Autoimmune atrophic gastritis is an organ-specific immune-mediated condition characterized by atrophy of the oxyntic mucosa. Autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AIG) is characterized by a progressive loss of acid-secreting parietal cells leading to hypo-achlorhydria. Due to this peculiar intra-gastric environment, gastric microbiota composition in individuals with autoimmune atrophic gastritis was first supposed and then recently reported to be different from subjects with a normal acidic healthy stomach. Recent data confirm the prominent role of Helicobacter pylori as the main bacterium responsible for gastric disease and long-term complications. However, other bacteria than Helicobacter pylori, for example, Streptococci, were found in subjects who developed gastric cancer and in subjects at risk of this fearful complication, as well as those with autoimmune gastritis. Gastric microbiota composition is challenging to study due to the acidic gastric environment, the difficulty of obtaining representative samples of the entire gastric microbiota, and the possible contamination by oral or throat microorganisms, which can potentially lead to the distortion of the original gastric microbial composition, but innovative molecular approaches based on the analysis of the hyper-variable region of the 16S rRNA gene have been developed, permitting us to obtain an overall microbial composition view of the RNA gene that is present only in prokaryotic cells.

scholarly journals Impact of Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Therapy on Gastric Microbiome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqi Mao ◽  
Yanlin Zhou ◽  
Shuangshuang Wang ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Yue Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gastric Microbiota ◽  
Gastric Microflora

Abstract Background: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication therapy has been used in clinical practice for many years. Yet, the effect of this therapy on existing gastric microflora has not been well understood. In this study, we explored the effect of eradication therapy on the microbial community in the stomach and the specific recovery after the successful eradication therapy. Methods: Among the 89 included patients, 23, 17, 40, and 9 were enrolled into the Hp-negative, Hp-positive, Successful eradication, and Failed eradication groups, respectively. Four subgroups were further divided according to disease status (Hp-negative chronic gastritis [N-CG], Hp-negative atrophic gastritis [N-AG], successful-eradication chronic gastritis [SE-CG], and atrophic gastritis with successful eradication [SE-AG]). During the endoscopic examination, one piece of gastric mucosa tissue was obtained from the lesser curvature side of the gastric antrum and gastric corpus, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gastric mucosal microbiome. Results: In Hp negative group, the gastric microbiota was dominated by five phyla: Firmicutes , Proteobacteria , Actinobacteria , Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria . Two Hp-related genera were selected as potential biomarkers: Curvibacter and Acinetobacter . After successfully eradicating Hp, the bacterial flora in the stomach recovered to a considerable extent, and the failure of eradication was almost unchanged compared with Hp positive subjects. SE-CG was characterized by an increase in Firmicutes taxa and a decrease in Proteobacteria taxa compared with N-CG. SE-AG was characterized by a decrease in Firmicutes relative to N-AG. Finally, no differences were found in pairwise comparisons of nitrate and nitrite reductase functions among the four subgroups. Conclusions: After Hp infection, the diversity and relative abundance of gastric microflora were significantly decreased. Yet, gastric microbiota could be partially restored to the Hp-negative status after eradication; however, this effect was incomplete and might contribute to the long-term risks.

scholarly journals Differential Proteomics of Helicobacter pylori Associated with Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ombretta Repetto ◽  
Stefania Zanussi ◽  
Mariateresa Casarotto ◽  
Vincenzo Canzonieri ◽  
Paolo De Paoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Differential Proteomics ◽  
Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis

scholarly journals Chronic Helicobacter pylori Infection Does Not Significantly Alter the Microbiota of the Murine Stomach

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1010-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Ping Tan ◽  
Maria Kaparakis ◽  
Maja Galic ◽  
John Pedersen ◽  
Martin Pearse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gastric Microbiota ◽  
Antigenic Load ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

ABSTRACT We examined the impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on the murine gastric microbiota by culture and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism and found that neither acute nor chronic H. pylori infection substantially affected the gastric microbial composition. Interestingly, the total H. pylori burden detected by real-time PCR was significantly higher than that revealed by viable counts, suggesting that the antigenic load sustaining H. pylori-induced gastritis could be considerably higher than previously believed.

scholarly journals The urinary microbiota composition remains stable over time and under various storage conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caspar Bundgaard-Nielsen ◽  
Nadia Ammitzbøll ◽  
Yusuf Abdi Isse ◽  
Abdisalam Muqtar ◽  
Ann-Maria Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Urinary Microbiota ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackgroundNew sensitive techniques have revealed a large population of bacteria in the human urinary tract, challenging the perception of the urine of healthy humans being sterile. While the role of this urinary microbiota is unknown, dysbiosis has been linked to disorders like urgency urinary incontinence and interstitial cystitis. When comparing studies it is crucial to account for possible confounders introduced due to methodological differences. Here we investigated whether storage condition or time of collection, had any impact on the urinary microbial composition.ResultsFor comparison of different storage conditions, urine was collected from five healthy adult female donors, and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Using the same methods, the daily or day-to-day variation in urinary microbiota was investigated in nineteen healthy donors, including four women, five men, five girls, and five boys. With the exception of two male adult donors, none of the tested conditions gave rise to significant differences in alpha and beta diversities between individuals. Conclusion: The composition of the urinary microbiota was found to be highly resilient to changes introduced by storage temperature and duration. In addition, we did not observe any intrapersonal daily or day-to-day variations in microbiota composition in women, girls or boys.Together our study supports flexibility in study design, when conducting urinary microbiota studies.Author summaryThe discovery of bacteria native to the urinary tract in healthy people, a location previously believed to be sterile, has prompted research into the clinical potential of these bacteria. However, methodological weaknesses can significantly influence such studies, and thus development of robust techniques for investigating these bacteria are needed. In the present study, we investigated whether differences in storage following collection, could affect the bacterial composition of urine samples. Next, we investigated if this composition exhibited daily or day-to-day variations.Firstly, we found, that the bacterial composition of urine could be maintained by storage at −80 °C, −20 °C, or refrigerated at 4 °C. Secondly, the bacterial composition of urine remained stable over time. Overall, the results of this study provide information important to study design in future investigations into the clinical implications of urinary bacteria.

scholarly journals Eradication of Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer: A Controversial Relationship

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariagrazia Piscione ◽  
Mariangela Mazzone ◽  
Maria Carmela Di Marcantonio ◽  
Raffaella Muraro ◽  
Gabriella Mincione
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gastric Carcinogenesis ◽  
Gastric Disease ◽  
Type I ◽  
H Pylori

Worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) represents the fifth cancer for incidence, and the third as cause of death in developed countries. Indeed, it resulted in more than 780,000 deaths in 2018. Helicobacter pylori appears to be responsible for the majority of these cancers. On the basis of recent studies, and either alone or combined with additional etiological factors, H. pylori is considered a “type I carcinogen.” Over recent decades, new insights have been obtained into the strategies that have been adopted by H. pylori to survive the acidic conditions of the gastric environment, and to result in persistent infection, and dysregulation of host functions. The multistep processes involved in the development of GC are initiated by transition of the mucosa into chronic non-atrophic gastritis, which is primarily triggered by infection with H. pylori. This gastritis then progresses into atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, and then to dysplasia, and following Correa’s cascade, to adenocarcinoma. The use of antibiotics for eradication of H. pylori can reduce the incidence of precancerous lesions only in the early stages of gastric carcinogenesis. Here, we first survey the etiology and risk factors of GC, and then we analyze the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis induced by H. pylori, focusing attention on virulence factor CagA, inflammation, oxidative stress, and ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Moreover, we investigate the relationships between H. pylori eradication therapy and other diseases, considering not only cardia (upper stomach) cancers and Barrett’s esophagus, but also asthma and allergies, through discussion of the “hygiene hypothesis. ” This hypothesis suggests that improved hygiene and antibiotic use in early life reduces microbial exposure, such that the immune response does not become primed, and individuals are not protected against atopic disorders, asthma, and autoimmune diseases. Finally, we overview recent advances to uncover the complex interplay between H. pylori and the gut microbiota during gastric carcinogenesis, as characterized by reduced bacterial diversity and increased microbial dysbiosis. Indeed, it is of particular importance to identify the bacterial taxa of the stomach that might predict the outcome of gastric disease through the stages of Correa’s cascade, to improve prevention and therapy of gastric carcinoma.

scholarly journals Gastric Microbiota in Helicobacter pylori-Negative and -Positive Gastritis Among High Incidence of Gastric Cancer Area

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boldbaatar Gantuya ◽  
Hashem B. El-Serag ◽  
Takashi Matsumoto ◽  
Nadim J. Ajami ◽  
Khasag Oyuntsetseg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Haemophilus Parainfluenzae ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Gastric Microbiota

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) related chronic gastritis is a well-known major etiological factor for gastric cancer development. However, H. pylori-negative gastritis (HpN) is not well described. We aimed to examine gastric mucosal microbiota in HpN compared to H. pylori-positive gastritis (HpP) and H. pylori-negative non-gastritis group (control). Here, we studied 11 subjects with HpN, 40 with HpP and 24 controls. We performed endoscopy with six gastric biopsies. Comparison groups were defined based on strict histological criteria for the disease and H. pylori diagnosis. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to profile the gastric microbiota according to comparison groups. These results demonstrate that the HpP group had significantly lower bacterial richness by the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) counts, and Shannon and Simpson indices as compared to HpN or controls. The linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis showed the enrichment of Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria at phylum level in the HpN group. In the age-adjusted multivariate analysis, Streptococcus sp. and Haemophilus parainfluenzae were at a significantly increased risk for HpN (odds ratio 18.9 and 12.3, respectively) based on abundance. Treponema sp. was uniquely found in HpN based on occurrence. In this paper, we conclude that Streptococcus sp., Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Treponema sp. are candidate pathogenic bacterial species for HpN. These results if confirmed may have important clinical implications.

scholarly journals Supplementation of a lacto-fermented rapeseed-seaweed blend promotes gut microbial- and gut immune-modulation in weaner piglets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hui ◽  
Paulina Tamez-Hidalgo ◽  
Tomasz Cieplak ◽  
Gizaw Dabessa Satessa ◽  
Witold Kot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Colon Mucosa ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Final Body Weight

AbstractThe direct use of medical zinc oxide (ZnO) in feed will be abandoned after 2022 in Europe, leaving an urgent need for substitutes to prevent post-weaning disorders. This study assessed whether rapeseed meal added two brown macroalagae species (Saccharina latissima and Ascophylum nodosum) and fermented using lactic acid bacteria (FRS) could improve piglet performance and gut health. The weaned piglets were fed one of three different feeding regimens (n = 230 each): basal diet, 2.5% and 5% FRS from day 28 of life to day 85. The piglets fed with 2.5% FRS presented superior phenotype with alleviated intraepithelial and stromal lymphocytes infiltration in the gut, enhanced colon mucosa barrier as well as numerically improvements of final body weight. Colon microbiota composition was determined using amplicon sequencing of the V3 and V1 – V8 region of the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina Nextseq and Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing, respectively. The two amplicon sequencing strategies showed high consistence between the detected bacteria. Both sequencing technologies showed that the FRS fed piglets had a distinctly different microbial composition relative to the basal diet. Compared with piglets fed the basal diet, Prevotella stercorea was verified by both technologies to be more abundant in the FRS piglets, and positively correlated with colon mucosa thickness and negatively correlated with blood levels of leucocytes and IgG. In conclusion, FRS supplementation improved gut health of weaner piglets, and altered their gut microbiota composition. Increasing the dietary inclusion of FRS from 2.5% to 5% did not cause further improvements.

scholarly journals Sugar Beet Pectin Supplementation Did Not Alter Profiles of Fecal Microbiota and Exhaled Breath in Healthy Young Adults and Healthy Elderly

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran An ◽  
Ellen Wilms ◽  
Agnieszka Smolinska ◽  
Gerben D.A. Hermes ◽  
Ad A.M. Masclee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Healthy Elderly

Aging is accompanied with increased frailty and comorbidities, which is potentially associated with microbiome perturbations. Dietary fibers could contribute to healthy aging by beneficially impacting gut microbiota and metabolite profiles. We aimed to compare young adults with elderly and investigate the effect of pectin supplementation on fecal microbiota composition, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) while using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel design. Fifty-two young adults and 48 elderly consumed 15 g/day sugar beet pectin or maltodextrin for four weeks. Fecal and exhaled breath samples were collected before and after the intervention period. Fecal samples were used for microbiota profiling by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and for analysis of SCFAs by gas chromatography (GC). Breath was used for VOC analysis by GC-tof-MS. Young adults and elderly showed similar fecal SCFA and exhaled VOC profiles. Additionally, fecal microbiota profiles were similar, with five genera significantly different in relative abundance. Pectin supplementation did not significantly alter fecal microbiota, SCFA or exhaled VOC profiles in elderly or young adults. In conclusion, aside from some minor differences in microbial composition, healthy elderly and young adults showed comparable fecal microbiota composition and activity, which were not altered by pectin supplementation.

scholarly journals Polymorphism in Toll-Like Receptors and Helicobacter Pylori Motility in Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis and Gastric Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valli De Re ◽  
Ombretta Repetto ◽  
Mariangela De Zorzi ◽  
Mariateresa Casarotto ◽  
Massimo Tedeschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Host Cell Interactions ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis

Autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) is associated with an increased risk of certain types of gastric cancer (GC). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may have a role in the induction and/or maintenance of AAG and GC. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are essential for H. pylori recognition and subsequent innate and adaptive immunity responses. This study therefore aimed to characterize TLR polymorphisms, and features of bacterial flagellin A in samples from patients with AAG (n = 67), GC (n = 114) and healthy donors (HD; n = 97). TLR5 rs5744174 C/C genotype was associated with GC, lower IgG anti H. pylori response and a higher H. pylori flagellin A abundance and motility. In a subset of patients with AAG, H. pylori strains showed a reduction of the flagellin A abundance and a moderate motility compared with strains from GC patients, a prerequisite for active colonization of the deeper layers of the mucosa, host immune response and inflammation. TLR9 rs5743836 T allele showed an association with serum gastrin G17. In conclusion, our study suggests that alterations of flaA protein, moderate motility in H. pylori and two polymorphisms in TLR5 and TLR9 may favor the onset of AAG and GC, at least in a subset of patients. These findings corroborate the function of pathogen–host cell interactions and responses, likely influencing the pathogenetic process.

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