scholarly journals Effects of Low and High FODMAP Diets on Human Gastrointestinal Microbiota Composition in Adults with Intestinal Diseases: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Doris Vandeputte ◽  
Marie Joossens
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
Colonic Health ◽  
Irritable Bowel

A diet high in non-digestible carbohydrates is known to promote health, in part through its effect on the gut microbiome. While substantially proven for healthy individuals, these effects are more ambiguous in subjects with intestinal diseases. At the same time, a diet low in these fermentable carbohydrates, the low FODMAP (acronym for Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides, And Polyols) diet, is gaining popularity as a treatment option for symptom relief in irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. There are, however, several indications that this diet induces effects opposite to those of prebiotic supplementation, resulting in gut microbiome changes that might be detrimental. Here, we provide a systematic review of the effects of low and high FODMAP diets on human gastrointestinal microbiota composition in adults with intestinal diseases, through literature screening using the databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. We summarize study findings on dietary impact in patients, including the effect on bacterial taxa and diversity. In general, similar to healthy subjects, restricting non-digestible carbohydrate intake in patients with intestinal diseases has opposite effects compared to prebiotic supplementation, causing a reduction in bifidobacteria and an increase in bacteria associated with dysbiosis. Future studies should focus on assessing whether the induced microbial changes persist over time and have adverse effects on long-term colonic health.

scholarly journals Determining the association between fibromyalgia, the gut microbiome and its biomarkers: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Erdrich ◽  
Jason A Hawrelak ◽  
Stephen P Myers ◽  
Joanna E Harnett
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
Gut Dysfunction ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The association between fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome is well-established. Alterations in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome in irritable bowel syndrome have been reported, however, this association is poorly understood in fibromyalgia. Our aim was to summarise the research reporting on the gastrointestinal microbiome and its biomarkers in people with fibromyalgia.Methods A systematic review of published original research reporting on the gastrointestinal microbiota and its biomarkers in adults with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia was undertaken.Results From 4771 studies, 11 met our inclusion criteria and were separated into four main groups: papers reporting Helicobacter pylori ; other gut bacterial markers; metabolomics and other biomarkers, which included intestinal permeability and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Conclusion The results suggest there is a paucity of quality research in this area, with indications that the gut microbiota may play a role in fibromyalgia within the emerging field of the gut-musculoskeletal axis. Further investigations into the relationship between the gut microbiota, gut dysfunction and fibromyalgia are warranted.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activities of a Chinese Herbal Formula IBS-20In VitroandIn Vivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghan Yang ◽  
Viktoriya Grinchuk ◽  
Siu Po Ip ◽  
Chun-Tao Che ◽  
Harry H. S. Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder and the etiology is not well understood. Currently there is no cure for IBS and no existing medication induces symptom relief in all patients. IBS-20 is a 20-herb Chinese medicinal formula that offers beneficial effects in patients with IBS; however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study showed that IBS-20 potently inhibited LPS- or IFNΓ-stimulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as classically activated macrophage marker nitric oxide synthase 2. Similarly, IBS-20 or the component herbCoptis chinensisdecreased LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from JAWS II dendritic cells. IBS-20 or the component herbs also blocked or attenuated the IFNΓ-induced drop in transepithelial electric resistance, an index of permeability, in fully differentiated Caco-2 monolayer. Finally, the up-regulation of key inflammatory cytokines in inflamed colon from TNBS-treated mice was suppressed significantly by orally administrated IBS-20, including IFNΓ and IL-12p40. These data indicate that the anti-inflammatory activities of IBS-20 may contribute to the beneficial effects of the herbal extract in patients with IBS, providing a potential mechanism of action for IBS-20. In addition, IBS-20 may be a potential therapeutic agent against other Th1-dominant gut pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals IMAGINE Network’s Mind And Gut Interactions Cohort (MAGIC) Study: a protocol for a prospective observational multicentre cohort study in inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e041733
Author(s):  
Paul Moayyedi ◽  
Glenda MacQueen ◽  
Charles N Bernstein ◽  
Stephen Vanner ◽  
Premysl Bercik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

IntroductionGut microbiome and diet may be important in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and comorbid psychiatric conditions, but the mechanisms are unclear. We will create a large cohort of patients with IBS, IBD and healthy controls, and follow them over time, collecting dietary and mental health information and biological samples, to assess their gastrointestinal (GI) and psychological symptoms in association with their diet, gut microbiome and metabolome.Methods and analysisThis 5-year observational prospective cohort study is recruiting 8000 participants from 15 Canadian centres. Persons with IBS who are 13 years of age and older or IBD ≥5 years will be recruited. Healthy controls will be recruited from the general public and from friends or relatives of those with IBD or IBS who do not have GI symptoms. Participants answer surveys and provide blood, urine and stool samples annually. Surveys assess disease activity, quality of life, physical pain, lifestyle factors, psychological status and diet. The main outcomes evaluated will be the association between the diet, inflammatory, genetic, microbiome and metabolomic profiles in those with IBD and IBS compared with healthy controls using multivariate logistic regression. We will also compare these profiles in those with active versus quiescent disease and those with and without psychological comorbidity.Ethics and disseminationApproval has been obtained from the institutional review boards of all centres taking part in the study. We will develop evidence-based knowledge translation initiatives for patients, clinicians and policymakers to disseminate results to relevant stakeholders.Trial registration number:NCT03131414

scholarly journals Correlation Between the Gut Microbiome and Immunotherapy Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Cureus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Karpinska-Leydier ◽  
Jashvini Amirthalingam ◽  
Khadija Alshowaikh ◽  
Anuruddhika Iroshani Jayarathna ◽  
Divya Bala Anthony Manisha R Salibindla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Lipidomics As Tools For Finding Biomarkers Of Intestinal Pathology: From Irritable Bowel Syndrome To Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Ortega Moreno ◽  
Pilar Navarro Sánchez ◽  
Raquel Abalo
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Intestinal Diseases ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

: Lipidomics is an emerging and promising branch that analyses the different lipid mole-cules in a biological sample. It is considered a branch of metabolomics, which is defined as the comprehensive analysis of metabolites in a biological specimen. Nonetheless, in recent years lipidomics is becoming a distinct discipline in the biomedicine field. Lipids play important roles in many biological pathways and can work as biomarkers of disease or therapeutic targets for the treatment of diseases. The major lipidomics strategies are shotgun lipidomics and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Gastro-intestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease, are chronic diseases that need non-invasive biomarkers for prognosis and diagnosis. Even more, patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at significantly increased risk of colorectal cancer, principally resulting from the pro-neoplastic effects of chronic intesti-nal inflammation. Current screening methods utilized globally include sigmoidoscopy or standard colonoscopy, but it is important to develop non-invasive and accurate screen-ing tools to facilitate early detection and precise staging of colorectal cancer. Disease progression and response to treatment may also benefit from the application of these potential new tools. This review focuses on studies that use lipidomics approaches to discover potential biomarkers for monitoring the mentioned intestinal diseases and, par-ticularly, tumor progression.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document