scholarly journals Evidence that Bacteria Packaging by Tetrahymena Is a Widespread Phenomenon

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1548
Author(s):  
Alicia F. Durocher ◽  
Alix M. Denoncourt ◽  
Valérie E. Paquet ◽  
Steve J. Charette
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Packaging Process ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Pellet Morphology ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon

Protozoa are natural predators of bacteria, but some bacteria can evade digestion once phagocytosed. Some of these resistant bacteria can be packaged in the fecal pellets produced by protozoa, protecting them from physical stresses and biocides. Depending on the bacteria and protozoa involved in the packaging process, pellets can have different morphologies. In the present descriptive study, we evaluated the packaging process with 20 bacteria that have never been tested before for packaging by ciliates. These bacteria have various characteristics (shape, size, Gram staining). All of them appear to be included in pellets produced by the ciliates Tetrahymena pyriformis and/or T. thermophila in at least one condition tested. We then focused on the packaging morphology of four of these bacteria. Our results demonstrated that, as shown previously for Mycobacterium smegmatis, the packaging of Microbacterium oxydans, Micrococcus luteus, and Cupriavidus sp. was formed of a single layer of material. The packaging of Cellulosimicrobiumfunkei was made of indistinguishable material. A different pellet morphology was obtained for each of the four bacterial strains studied. The ingestion of small bacteria resulted in rounder, denser, and more regular pellets. These results support the idea that bacteria packaging is a relatively widespread phenomenon.

scholarly journals Isolation of a Mycobacteriophage against Mycobacterium smegmatis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Raquel M. M. Pereira ◽  
Hugo V. C. Oliveira ◽  
Suanni L. Andrade ◽  
Elliot W. Kitajima ◽  
Rudi E. L. Procopio
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Contractile Tail ◽  
Amazonas State

The Mycobacterium genus has important pathogenic species, such as M. leprae and M. tuberculosis, with high incidence in the human population. The number of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics is steadily increasing, and in particular no new antibiotics have been developed for Mycobacterium. Mycobacteriophages have been shown to be viable alternatives, mainly to counteract antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A new mycobacteriophage (Myms-1) was isolated from sewage in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil, with lytic activity against M. smegmatis. Morphological analysis of the Mysm-1 phage shows that it probably belongs to the genus Fromanvirus (family Siphoviridae). It has an icosahedral head with approximate diameter of 50 nm and a long non-contractile tail with approximate length of 200 nm. M. smegmatis is a fast-growing mycobacterium found in the environment that is normally non-pathogenic, so it is a promising bacterium for initial tests of this genus.

scholarly journals Significance of bio-treatment by acid washing for enlargement of arsenic desorption in indigenous arsenic-resistant bacteria from gold mine

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahid Ali Hamood Altowayti ◽  
Abdullah Aysh Dahawi ◽  
Shafinaz Shahir
Keyword(s):  
Acid Solution ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Acid Washing

Mining activities can lead to the generation of large quantities of heavy metal, specifically arsenic which is released from a gold mine, causing widespread contamination of the ecosystem. Removal of carcinogenic and toxic arsenic from wastewater is essential for the safety of water that may be used for irrigation or drinking. In this study, three different of indigenous arsenic resistant bacterial strains were isolated from gold mine environment, Bacillus thuringiensis strain WS3, Pseudomonas stutzeri strain WS9, and Micrococcus yunnanensis strain WS11. WS9, WS3, and WS11 reached stationary phase after eight, ten, and seven hours, respectively, at 37 °C when grown in LB with arsenic. Gram staining showed WS9 as gram-negative rods, WS3 as gram-positive rods, and WS11 as gram-positive cocci. From the Silver nitrate test, WS3 and WS11 reduced As (V) to As (III) while WS9 oxidized As (III) to As (V). The desorption of arsenic using acid washing and parameters affecting the desorption of arsenic such as acid concentration, time, adsorbent dosage, and different volume of acid solution were investigated. The batch experiments were carried out using bacterial biomass cultured in LB with 2 mM arsenite (III) and 5 mM arsenate (V). Optimum conditions for desorption arsenic were determined, being 1 M acid concentration at 37 °C and 2 hours of contact with (50 mg) bacterial biomass in 100 ml acid solution. The removal of arsenite and arsenate increased after acid washing of bacterial biomass of the three strains. Consequently, desorption of arsenic using acid washing is essential for biomass regeneration.

Isolation, identification and characterization of bacteria from Lawachara National Park, Moulovibazar, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 2211-2216
Author(s):  
R. Hasan ◽  
M. N. H. Rony ◽  
M. S. A. Sarker ◽  
M. Z. Tareq ◽  
R. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Staining

Bacteria are essential elements of natural environments. As bacteria are the key critical components of food webs and nutrient cycles, they contribute to ecosystem functioning via mutualists and pathogens for larger species. The present study has provided substantial grounds to confirm that microbial communities present in natural environments are much more diverse. Here, we tend to study a singular environment Lawachara National Park. Total 125 bacterial strains were isolated using serial dilution method. Thirteen unique colonies were selected, cultured and characterized by gram staining and biochemical tests. Based on morphological, biochemical, 16S rDNA gene sequencing and phylogeny analysis revealed that the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringensis, Serratia marcescens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Enterobacter cowanii, Acidobacterium capsulatum, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. This study serves as a baseline survey of bacterial diversity in the Lawachara National Park.

Phyto-fabrication of Iron Nanoparticles: Characterization and Antibacterial Capacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma S. Algebaly ◽  
Afrah E. Mohammed ◽  
Mudawi M. Elobeid
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plant Sources

Introduction: Fabrication of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) has recently gained a great concern for their varied applications in remediation technologies of the environment. Objective: The current study aimed to fabricate iron nanoparticles by green technology approach using different plant sources, Azadirachta indica leaf and Calligonum comosum root following two extraction methods. Methods: Currently, a mixture of FeCl2 and FeCl3 was used to react with the plant extracts which are considered as reducing and stabilizing agents for the generation of FeNPs in one step. Different techniques were used for FeNPs identification. Results: Immediately after mixing of the two reaction components, the color changed to dark brown as an indication of safe conversion of Fe ions to FeNPs, that later confirmed by zeta sizer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FeNPs fabricated by C. comosum showed smaller size when compared by those fabricated by A. indica. Using both plant sources, FeNPs fabricated by the aqueous extract had smaller size in relation to those fabricated by ethanolic extract. Furthermore, antibacterial ability against two bacterial strains was approved. Conclusion: The current results indicated that, at room temperature plant extracts fabricated Fe ion to Fe nanoparticles, suggesting its probable usage for large scale production as well as its suitability against bacteria. It could also be recommended for antibiotic resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Smells Like Teen Spirit—A Model to Generate Laundry-Associated Malodour In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 974
Author(s):  
Marc-Kevin Zinn ◽  
Marco Singer ◽  
Dirk Bockmühl
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Dimethyl Trisulfide ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Washing Machines ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis

Although malodour formation on textiles and in washing machines has been reported to be a very relevant problem in domestic laundry, the processes leading to bad odours have not been studied intensively. In particular, the smell often described as “wet-and-dirty-dustcloth-like malodour” had not been reproduced previously. We developed a lab model based on a bacterial mixture of Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus hominis, and Corynebacterium jeikeium, which can produce this odour type and which might allow the detailed investigation of this problem and the development of counteractions. The model uses bacterial strains that have been isolated from malodourous textiles. We could also show that the three volatile compounds dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, and indole contribute considerably to the “wet-fabric-like” malodour. These substances were not only found to be formed in the malodour model but have already been identified in the literature as relevant malodourous substances.

Nghiên cứu sự kháng kháng sinh của các chủng vi khuẩn gây nhiễm khuẩn đường tiết niệu phân lập được tại Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Đa khoa Nghệ An

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trâm Quế Anh
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Linezolid Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections

TÓM TẮT Đặt vấn đề: Xác định đúng căn nguyên gây NKĐTN và mức độ kháng kháng sinh của các vi khuẩn sẽ giúp cho việc điều trị có hiệu quả, giảm được chi phí điều trị, hạn chế sự gia tăng vi khuẩn đề kháng kháng sinh. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Các chủng VK gây nhiễm khuẩn đương tiết niệu phân lập được tại bệnh viện Hữu nghị Đa khoa Nghệ An từ 1/2020 đến 12/2020. Thiết kế nghiên cứu: Cắt ngang mô tả. Kết quả: Phân lập được 473 chủng vi khuẩn gây NKĐTN, trong đó, E. coli 38,48%; P. aeruginosa 14,15; Enterococcus sp 10,57; K. pneumoniae 13,32%. E. coli: kháng các kháng sinh Cephalosporine, Quinolones từ 56,7 - 63,8%, Carbapenem 4,5 - 6,2%, sinh ESBL 49,4%. P. aeruginosa: đã kháng các kháng sinh thử nghiệm từ 59,1 - 69,2%. Enterococcus sp: kháng với các kháng sinh nhóm Quinolone 73,5%, kháng Vancomycin 8,3%; Chưa ghi nhận đề kháng Linezolid. K. pneumoniae: kháng nhóm Cephalosporin, Quinolone từ 66,7 - 74,6%, đề kháng với Carbapenem từ 46,0 - 50,8%. Kết luận: Các vi khuẩn gây nhiễm khuẩn tiết niệu thường gặp là: E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp. K. pneumoniae. Các vi khuẩn phân lập được đã đề kháng với nhiều kháng sinh thường dùng với các mức độ khác nhau. Xuất hiện các chủng vi khuẩn Gram âm kháng Carbapenem, Gram dương kháng Vancomycin. Từ khóa: Nhiễm khuẩn tiết niệu, E.coli, Klebsiella, P.aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp ABSTRACT RESEARCH OF ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE OF BACTERIA STRAINS CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS ISOLATED AT NGHEAN FRIENDSHIP GENERAL HOSPITAL Background: The good identification of UTI microorganism and their antimicrobial susceptibility would promote the effective treatment, reduce the cost as well as the emergence of drug resistant bacteria. Methods: Bacterial strains causing urinary tract infections were isolated at Nghe An Friendship General Hospital from 1/2020 to 12/2020. Study design: Descriptive cross section. Results: 473 bacterial strains causing UTIs were isolated, in which, E. coli 38.48%; P. aeruginosa 14.15; Enterococcus sp 10.57; K. pneumoniae 13.32%. E. coli: resistant to Cephalosporin antibiotics, Quinolones from 56.7 - 63.8%, Carbapenem 4.5 - 6.2%, producing ESBL 49.4%. P. aeruginosa: was resistant to the tested antibiotics from 59.1 - 69.2%. Enterococcus sp: resistant to Quinolone antibiotics 73.5%, resistant to Vancomycin 8.3%; Linezolid resistance has not been recorded. K. pneumoniae: resistant to Cephalosporin, Quinolone from 66.7 - 74.6%, resistant to Carbapenem from 46.0 - 50.8%. Conclusion: Common bacteria causing urinary tract infections are: E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp. K. pneumoniae. The isolates were resistant to many commonly used antibiotics to varying degrees. Occurrence of strains of Gram - negative bacteria resistant to Carbapenem, Gram - positive resistant to Vancomycin. Keywords: Urinary Tract infections, E. coli, Klebsiella, P. aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of arsenic resistant soil bacteria and their effects on germination of rice under arsenic contamination

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
Istiaq Ahmed ◽  
Md Tofazzal Islam ◽  
Md Akhter Hossain Chowdhury ◽  
Md Kamruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Resistant Strains

This study was carried out to isolate, screen and characterize arsenic (As) resistant bacteria from As contaminated soils of Dumrakandi and Matlab under Faridpur and Chandpur districts and to evaluate their efficiency in reducing As toxicity against rice seedlings during germination. Thirteen strains were isolated from the soils which showed resistance to different levels of sodium arsenite (viz. 5, 10, 20 and 40 mM) in both agar plate and broth assay using BSMY I media. Among the isolates, BTL0011, BTL0012, BTL0015 and BTL0022 showed highest resistance to 40 mM sodium arsenite. Gram staining and KOH solubility test revealed that five strains were gram positive and rest eight was gram negative. They grew well in the liquid media at pH 5.5 to 8.5. In-vitro rice seedling bioassay with two superior isolates (BTL0011 and BTL0022) revealed that As resistant strains significantly enhanced seed germination of BRRI dhan29 and BRRI dhan47 at 60 ppm As. This study was laid out in CRD with three replications. The performance of BTL 0022 was superior to BTL0011. The overall results suggest that BTL0011 and BTL0022 can be used for bioremediation of As contaminated soils and to increase the germination and seedling growth of rice in As contaminated soils.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(2): 229-237, August 2015

scholarly journals Advances in Antarctic Research for Antimicrobial Discovery: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Bacteria from Antarctic Environments as Potential Sources of Novel Antibiotic Compounds Against Human Pathogens and Microorganisms of Industrial Importance

Antibiotics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kattia Núñez-Montero ◽  
Leticia Barrientos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antarctic Bacteria ◽  
Recent Emergence

The recent emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a critical public health problem. It is also a concern for industries, since multidrug-resistant microorganisms affect the production of many agricultural and food products of economic importance. Therefore, discovering new antibiotics is crucial for controlling pathogens in both clinical and industrial spheres. Most antibiotics have resulted from bioprospecting in natural environments. Today, however, the chances of making novel discoveries of bioactive molecules from various well-known sources have dramatically diminished. Consequently, unexplored and unique environments have become more likely avenues for discovering novel antimicrobial metabolites from bacteria. Due to their extreme polar environment, Antarctic bacteria in particular have been reported as a potential source for new antimicrobial compounds. We conducted a narrative review of the literature about findings relating to the production of antimicrobial compounds by Antarctic bacteria, showing how bacterial adaptation to extreme Antarctic conditions confers the ability to produce these compounds. We highlighted the diversity of antibiotic-producing Antarctic microorganisms, including the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, which has led to the identification of new antibiotic molecules and supports the belief that research on Antarctic bacterial strains has important potential for biotechnology applications, while providing a better understanding of polar ecosystems.

scholarly journals Isolation and selection of bacteria against shrimp pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from shrimp pond water on Duyen Hai district, Tra Vinh province

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Tran Vu Phuong ◽  
Dang Thi Ngoc Thanh ◽  
Cao Ngoc Diep
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Shrimp Pond ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
The Status

Antibiotic has frequently been used in the shrimp-farming process in Vietnam. This leads to the status that antibiotic-resistant bacteria and products do not receive in the market. Bacteria had the resistant ability to pathogenic bacteria in water, and they have an important role in sustainable aquaculture. This study aimed to isolate and select good bacterial strains against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, pathogenic bacteria, on shrimp from 8 samples of shrimp pond water at 3 villages Ngu Lac, Phuoc An and Long Toan of Duyen Hai district, Tra Vinh province on NB agar medium. As a result, fifty-nine bacterial isolates were isolated and 10/59 isolates (16.95%) were identified as resistant to Vibrio parahaemolyticus by the well diffusion method. In 10 isolates, there were 7 isolates had good resistance to select for PCR technique and sequencing. The result indicated that these seven strains, including DH1m, DH2f, DH4d, DH8i, DH8m, DH8n, belonged to Bacilli and DH1n strain belonged to Streptomyces sp.

scholarly journals Bactericidal Activity of Multilayered Hybrid Structures Comprising Titania Nanoparticles and CdSe Quantum Dots under Visible Light

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3331
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kolesova ◽  
Anastasia Bulgakova ◽  
Vladimir Maslov ◽  
Andrei Veniaminov ◽  
Aliaksei Dubavik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Titania Nanoparticles ◽  
Hybrid Structures ◽  
Cdse Quantum Dots ◽  
Superoxide Anions ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Titania nanoparticle/CdSe quantum dot hybrid structures are a promising bactericidal coating that exhibits a pronounced effect against light-sensitive bacteria. Here, we report the results of a comprehensive study of the photophysical properties and bactericidal functionality of these hybrid structures on various bacterial strains. We found that our structures provide the efficient generation of superoxide anions under the action of visible light due to electron transfer from QDs to titania nanoparticles with ~60% efficiency. We also tested the antibacterial activity of hybrid structures on five strains of bacteria. The formed structures combined with visible light irradiation effectively inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Mycobacterium smegmatis bacteria, the last of which is a photosensitive causative agent model of tuberculosis.

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