scholarly journals Combined Use of Diagnostic Fumarate Addition Metabolites and Genes Provides Evidence for Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation in Contaminated Groundwater

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1532
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Kharey ◽  
Gabrielle Scheffer ◽  
Lisa M. Gieg
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Contaminated Groundwater ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Catabolic Genes ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Fumarate Addition ◽  
Monoaromatic Hydrocarbon

The widespread use of hydrocarbon-based fuels has led to the contamination of many natural environments due to accidental spills or leaks. While anaerobic microorganisms indigenous to many fuel-contaminated groundwater sites can play a role in site remediation (e.g., monitored natural attenuation, MNA) via hydrocarbon biodegradation, multiple lines of evidence in support of such bioremediation are required. In this study, we investigated two fuel-contaminated groundwater sites for their potential to be managed by MNA. Microbial community composition, biogeochemical indicators, fumarate addition metabolites, and genes diagnostic of both alkane and alkyl-monoaromatic hydrocarbon activation were assessed. Fumarate addition metabolites and catabolic genes were detected for both classes of hydrocarbon biodegradation at both sites, providing strong evidence for in situ anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation. However, relevant metabolites and genes did not consistently co-occur within all groundwater samples. Using newly designed mixtures of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) primers to target diverse assA and bssA genes, we measured assA gene abundances ranging from 105–108 copies/L, and bssA gene abundances ranging from 105–1010 copies/L at the sites. Overall, this study demonstrates the value of investigating fuel-contaminated sites using both metabolites and genes diagnostic of anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation for different classes of hydrocarbons to help assess field sites for management by MNA.

scholarly journals Changes in Microbial Community Composition and Function during a Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Phytoremediation Field Trial

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Siciliano ◽  
James J. Germida ◽  
Kathy Banks ◽  
Charles W. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Catabolic Gene ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Catabolic Genes ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which phytoremediation systems promote hydrocarbon degradation in soil. The composition and degradation capacity of the bulk soil microbial community during the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with aged hydrocarbons was assessed. In the bulk soil, the level of catabolic genes involved in hydrocarbon degradation (ndoB, alkB, and xylE) as well as the mineralization of hexadecane and phenanthrene was higher in planted treatment cells than in treatment cells with no plants. There was no detectable shift in the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) composition of the bulk soil community between treatments, but there were plant-specific and -selective effects on specific catabolic gene prevalence. Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) increased the prevalence of ndoB, alkB, and xylE as well as naphthalene mineralization in rhizosphere soil compared to that in bulk soil. In contrast, Rose Clover (Trifolium hirtum) decreased catabolic gene prevalence and naphthalene mineralization in rhizosphere soil. The results demonstrated that phytoremediation systems increase the catabolic potential of rhizosphere soil by altering the functional composition of the microbial community. This change in composition was not detectable by 16S rDNA but was linked to specific functional genotypes with relevance to petroleum hydrocarbon degradation.

Determination of the abundance of δ15N in nitrate ion in contaminated groundwater samples using an elemental analyzer coupled to a mass spectrometer

The Analyst ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (7) ◽  
pp. 1051-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Ogawa ◽  
Masataka Nishikawa ◽  
Osami Nakasugi ◽  
Hiroyuki Ii ◽  
Tatemasa Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Contaminated Groundwater ◽  
Nitrate Ion ◽  
Groundwater Samples

scholarly journals Prevalence of Human Norovirus by Genotype in Contaminated Groundwater in Korea Over the Last Decade (2007-2016)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwon Lee ◽  
Sang-Jung Park ◽  
Ji-Hye Kim ◽  
Wonseok Lee ◽  
Hyen-Mi Chung
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Contaminated Groundwater ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Tree Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Reference Sequences ◽  
Groundwater Wells

This study investigated the presence of human Norovirus (HuNoV) by genotype in 1,486 groundwater samples, collected from 843 groundwater wells suspected of contamination during 2007-2016, in Republic of Korea. We identified and genotyped 186 HuNoV sequences in 178 HuNoV-positive samples using the RIVM-NoroNet norovirus genotyping tool (NGT) and phylogenetic tree analysis based on RIVM-NoroNet reference sequences. HuNoV GII was more prevalent than GI. The major genotypes detected were HuNoV GII.4 (43.0%), GII.22 (15.6%), GI.5 (10.2%) and GI.1 (8.6%); 14 genotypes accounted for < 5.0%. Increasing HuNoV GII.17 has displayed a worldwide trend, including in Europe and Asia since 2010, and it was the dominant HuNoV genotype during 2013-2014 in Korea. However, HuNoV GII.4 was the major genotype detected in groundwater in Korea in 2015-2016, and it is becoming increasingly prevalent similar to HuNoV GII.17.

scholarly journals Marine Sediments Harbor Diverse Archaea and Bacteria With Potentials for Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Degradation via Fumarate Addition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuwen Zhang ◽  
Rainer U. Meckenstock ◽  
Shengze Weng ◽  
Guangshan Wei ◽  
Casey R.J. Hubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Functional Profiling ◽  
Fumarate Addition ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degraders

Abstract Background: Marine sediments can contain large amounts of alkanes and methylated aromatic hydrocarbons that are introduced by natural processes or anthropogenic activities. These compounds can be biodegraded by anaerobic microorganisms via enzymatic addition of fumarate. Previous gene- and genome-based surveys have detected ubiquitous and novel fumarate-adding enzymes (FAE), but these were neither confirmed as occurring within full degradation pathways nor affiliated with known organisms. The identity and ecological roles of a significant fraction of anaerobic hydrocarbon degraders in marine sediments therefore remains unknown.Results: By combining phylogenetic reconstructions, protein homolog modelling, and functional profiling of publicly available and newly sequenced metagenomes and genomes, 61 draft bacterial and archaeal genomes encoding anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation via fumarate addition were obtained. Besides Deltaproteobacteria that are well-known to catalyze these reactions, Chloroflexi are dominant FAE-encoding bacteria in hydrocarbon-impacted sediments, potentially coupling sulfate reduction or fermentation to anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation. Among Archaea, besides Archaeoglobi previously shown to have this capability, genomes of Heimdallarchaeota, Lokiarchaeota, Thorarchaeota and Thermoplasmata also suggest fermentative hydrocarbon degradation using archaea-type FAE. The biogeography survey reveals these bacterial and archaeal hydrocarbon degraders occur in a wide range of marine sediments, including high abundances of FAE-encoding Asgard archaea associated with natural seeps and subseafloor ecosystems.Conclusions: Our results expand the knowledge of novel microbial lineages engaged in anaerobic degradation of alkanes and methylated aromatic hydrocarbons, and shed new light on the importance of marine sedimentary archaea in hydrocarbon degradation.

Unravelling the impact of hydrocarbon structure on the fumarate addition mechanism – a gas-phaseab initiostudy

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 4054-4066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek S. Bharadwaj ◽  
Shubham Vyas ◽  
Stephanie M. Villano ◽  
C. Mark Maupin ◽  
Anthony M. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Fumarate Addition ◽  
The Impact

The fumarate addition mechanism for hydrocarbon biodegradation. Model aromatic and aliphatic fuel degradation is comparedviaa reduced gas-phase model.

scholarly journals Molybdenum Availability Is Key to Nitrate Removal in Contaminated Groundwater Environments

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (15) ◽  
pp. 4976-4983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Thorgersen ◽  
W. Andrew Lancaster ◽  
Brian J. Vaccaro ◽  
Farris L. Poole ◽  
Andrea M. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Contaminated Groundwater ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Toxic Concentrations ◽  
Global Nitrogen Cycle

ABSTRACTThe concentrations of molybdenum (Mo) and 25 other metals were measured in groundwater samples from 80 wells on the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) (Oak Ridge, TN), many of which are contaminated with nitrate, as well as uranium and various other metals. The concentrations of nitrate and uranium were in the ranges of 0.1 μM to 230 mM and <0.2 nM to 580 μM, respectively. Almost all metals examined had significantly greater median concentrations in a subset of wells that were highly contaminated with uranium (≥126 nM). They included cadmium, manganese, and cobalt, which were 1,300- to 2,700-fold higher. A notable exception, however, was Mo, which had a lower median concentration in the uranium-contaminated wells. This is significant, because Mo is essential in the dissimilatory nitrate reduction branch of the global nitrogen cycle. It is required at the catalytic site of nitrate reductase, the enzyme that reduces nitrate to nitrite. Moreover, more than 85% of the groundwater samples contained less than 10 nM Mo, whereas concentrations of 10 to 100 nM Mo were required for efficient growth by nitrate reduction for twoPseudomonasstrains isolated from ORR wells and by a model denitrifier,Pseudomonas stutzeriRCH2. Higher concentrations of Mo tended to inhibit the growth of these strains due to the accumulation of toxic concentrations of nitrite, and this effect was exacerbated at high nitrate concentrations. The relevance of these results to a Mo-based nitrate removal strategy and the potential community-driving role that Mo plays in contaminated environments are discussed.

scholarly journals Microbial Communities across Global Marine Basins Show Important Compositional Similarities by Depth

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
John I. Miller ◽  
Stephen Techtmann ◽  
Dominique Joyner ◽  
Nagissa Mahmoudi ◽  
Julian Fortney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Marine Microbial Communities ◽  
Marine Basins

ABSTRACT The environmental surveys following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill identified a variety of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms, and laboratory studies with field-collected water samples then demonstrated faster-than-expected hydrocarbon biodegradation rates at 5°C. Knowledge about microbial community composition, diversity, and functional metabolic capabilities aids in understanding and predicting petroleum biodegradation by microbial communities in situ and is therefore an important component of the petroleum spill response decision-making process. This study investigates the taxonomic composition of microbial communities in six different global basins where petroleum and gas activities occur. Shallow-water communities were strikingly similar across basins, while deep-water communities tended to show subclusters by basin, with communities from the epipelagic, mesopelagic, and bathypelagic zones sometimes appearing within the same cluster. Microbial taxa that were enriched in the water column in the Gulf of Mexico following the DWH spill were found across marine basins. Several hydrocarbon-degrading genera (e.g., Actinobacteria, Pseudomonas, and Rhodobacteriacea) were common across all basins. Other genera such as Pseudoalteromonas and Oleibacter were highly enriched in specific basins. IMPORTANCE Marine microbial communities are a vital component of global carbon cycling, and numerous studies have shown that populations of petroleum-degrading bacteria are ubiquitous in the oceans. Few studies have attempted to distinguish all of the taxa that might contribute to petroleum biodegradation (including, e.g., heterotrophic and nondesignated microbes that respond positively to petroleum and microbes that grow on petroleum as the sole carbon source). This study quantifies the subpopulations of microorganisms that are expected to be involved in petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation, which is important information during the decision-making process in the event of a petroleum spill accident.

Removal of Organic Micropollutants from Contaminated Groundwater by Oxidation and Stripping

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Simovic ◽  
J.P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Contaminated Groundwater ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Air Stripping ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Iron Sulphate

Abstract In 1984, Environment Canada carried out a bench scale study on the removal of organic micropollutants from contaminated groundwater. The groundwater samples were obtained from the Special Waste Compound at Gloucester Landfill Site, near Ottawa, Ontario. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of chemical oxidation to destroy the organic micropollutants present in this groundwater. Comparison was made between the results of ozonation and the air stripping effects. The oxidants evaluated were ozone (O3), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with hydrated iron sulphate FeSO4 7H2O (Fenton’s reagent). The organics present in the contaminated groundwater included the following, predominantly volatile, compounds: bromodichloro-methane, bromoform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, chloroform, 1,1-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, and trichloroethylene. The process variables investigated were pH and oxidant dosage. The significance of low and high values of these variables was examined by using a full 22 factorial design. From the results, it appeared that the best removal efficiency was achieved by using ozone as an oxidant. However, during the experiments, it was observed that the ozonation process was being confounded with the air stripping process. Chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide, in that order, were determined to be less effective oxidants. Sodium hypochlorite was found to be the least effective oxidant in this study. The results of this study demonstrated that air stripping was the most appropriate technology for the removal of the organic compounds from this groundwater.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Arsenic Contaminated Groundwater of the Chaco Plain, Argentina

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cecilia Giménez ◽  
Patricia S. Blanes ◽  
Edgar E. Buchhamer ◽  
Rosa M. Osicka ◽  
Yamila Morisio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contaminated Groundwater ◽  
Quantification Limit ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Chaco Province

The occurrence and distribution of arsenic and 23 other trace elements have been investigated in groundwater from Comandante Fernández Department in the Central region of Chaco Province, Northern Argentine. The arsenic concentrations samples ranged between 0.7 to 1990 µg L−1; 91% (n=45) exceeds the 10 µg L−1 World Health Organization (WHO) provisional standard limits for drinking water. Fluorine was detected in 31% of groundwater samples. Furthermore, there was found a significant correlation between As and F (r2=0.50), indicating an association in the prevalence of both elements. In addition, about 78%, 31%, 16%, 13%, and 4.5% of groundwater samples had, respectively, B, Fe, Al, Mn, and Sb exceeding Código Alimentario Argentino (CAA) guideline values. In contrast of the previously values descript, the corresponding to Cr, Be, Ni, Pb, Ag, Se, and Zn were found below the quantification limit. The presence of As and trace elements in groundwater represents an important issue because it can cause a public health problem.

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