scholarly journals Environmentally Relevant Concentration of Bisphenol S Shows Slight Effects on SIHUMIx

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1436
Author(s):  
Stephanie Serena Schäpe ◽  
Jannike Lea Krause ◽  
Rebecca Katharina Masanetz ◽  
Sarah Riesbeck ◽  
Robert Starke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Membrane Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Human Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function

Bisphenol S (BPS) is an industrial chemical used in the process of polymerization of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins and thus can be found in various plastic products and thermal papers. The microbiota disrupting effect of BPS on the community structure of the microbiome has already been reported, but little is known on how BPS affects bacterial activity and function. To analyze these effects, we cultivated the simplified human intestinal microbiota (SIHUMIx) in bioreactors at a concentration of 45 µM BPS. By determining biomass, growth of SIHUMIx was followed but no differences during BPS exposure were observed. To validate if the membrane composition was affected, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) profiles were compared. Changes in the individual membrane fatty acid composition could not been described; however, the saturation level of the membranes slightly increased during BPS exposure. By applying targeted metabolomics to quantify short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), it was shown that the activity of SIHUMIx was unaffected. Metaproteomics revealed temporal effect on the community structure and function, showing that BPS has minor effects on the structure or functionality of SIHUMIx.

Lipids of the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) from North Atlantic waters. IV. Fin whale milk

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
C. A. Eaton ◽  
S. N. Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fin Whale ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Fatty acid compositions were determined for total lipid (17.5% of the milk and > 95% triglycerides), 2-monoglyceride obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of isolated triglyceride, and isolated phospholipid (~1% of total lipids). The total lipid fatty acids of the milk had a composition similar to fin whale depot fat but were enriched in hexadecanoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids at the expense of monoethylenic acids; correspondingly the iodine value of 136 (methyl esters) was higher than the normal range (105–120) of North Atlantic fin whale blubber oils. Over 80% of the fatty acids in the 2-position of the triglycerides were accounted for by relatively short chain fatty acids, especially hexadecanoic (54.6%), tetradecanoic (13.7%), and hexadecenoic (11.2%), so that the ester iodine value was only 48. The milk phospholipids had a fatty acid composition basically similar to that of liver phospholipids (methyl ester iodine value 120) with somewhat more polyunsaturated fatty acids and accordingly an iodine value of 144 for methyl esters.

scholarly journals The Simplified Human Intestinal Microbiota (SIHUMIx) Shows High Structural and Functional Resistance against Changing Transit Times in In Vitro Bioreactors

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Serena Schäpe ◽  
Jannike Lea Krause ◽  
Beatrice Engelmann ◽  
Katarina Fritz-Wallace ◽  
Florian Schattenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Human Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Model Community ◽  
High Structural Stability ◽  
Transition Times ◽  
And Function

Many functions in host–microbiota interactions are potentially influenced by intestinal transit times, but little is known about the effects of altered transition times on the composition and functionality of gut microbiota. To analyze these effects, we cultivated the model community SIHUMIx in bioreactors in order to determine the effects of varying transit times (TT) on the community structure and function. After five days of continuous cultivation, we investigated the influence of different medium TT of 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h. For profiling the microbial community, we applied flow cytometric fingerprinting and revealed changes in the community structure of SIHUMIx during the change of TT, which were not associated with changes in species abundances. For pinpointing metabolic alterations, we applied metaproteomics and metabolomics and found, along with shortening the TT, a slight decrease in glycan biosynthesis, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism and, furthermore, a reduction in butyrate, methyl butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate concentrations. Specifically, B. thetaiotaomicron was identified to be affected in terms of butyrate metabolism. However, communities could recover to the original state afterward. This study shows that SIHUMIx showed high structural stability when TT changed—even four-fold. Resistance values remained high, which suggests that TTs did not interfere with the structure of the community to a certain degree.

The antifungal activity of the cuticular and internal fatty acid methyl esters and alcohols in Calliphora vomitoria

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
pp. 972-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAREK GOŁĘBIOWSKI ◽  
MAGDALENA CERKOWNIAK ◽  
MAŁGORZATA DAWGUL ◽  
WOJCIECH KAMYSZ ◽  
MIECZYSŁAWA I. BOGUŚ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Cuticular Lipids ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Individual

SUMMARYThe composition of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and alcohol fractions of the cuticular and internal lipids of Calliphora vomitoria larvae, pupae and male/female adults was obtained by separating these two fractions by HPLC–LLSD and analysing them quantitatively using GC–MS. Analysis of the cuticular lipids of the worldwide, medically important ectoparasite C. vomitoria revealed 6 FAMEs with odd-numbered carbon chains from C15:0 to C19:0 in the larvae, while internal lipids contained 9 FAMEs ranging from C15:1 to C19:0. Seven FAMEs from C15:0 to C19:0 were identified in the cuticular lipids of the pupae, whereas the internal lipids of the pupae contained 10 FAMEs from C13:0 to C19:0. The cuticular lipids of males and females and also the internal lipids of males contained 5, 7 and 6 FAMEs from C15:0 to C19:0 respectively. Seven FAMEs from C13:0 to C19:0 were identified in the internal lipids of females, and 7, 6, 5 and 3 alcohols were found in the cuticular lipids of larvae, pupae, males and females respectively. Only saturated alcohols with even-numbered carbon chains were present in these lipids. Only 1 alcohol (C22:0) was detected in the internal lipids of C. vomitoria larvae, while just 4 alcohols from – C18:0 to C24:0 – were identified in the internal lipids of pupae, and males and females. We also identified glycerol and cholesterol in the larvae, pupae, males and females of C. vomitoria. The individual alcohols and FAMEs, as well as their mixtures isolated from the cuticular and internal lipids of larvae, pupae, males and females of C. vomitoria, demonstrated antimicrobial activity against entomopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Impact of Bacterial Membrane Fatty Acid Composition on the Failure of Daptomycin To KillStaphylococcus aureus

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rym Boudjemaa ◽  
Clément Cabriel ◽  
Florence Dubois-Brissonnet ◽  
Nicolas Bourg ◽  
Guillaume Dupuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Membrane Fatty Acid ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Membrane Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTDaptomycin is a last-resort membrane-targeting lipopeptide approved for the treatment of drug-resistant staphylococcal infections, such as bacteremia and implant-related infections. Although cases of resistance to this antibiotic are rare, increasing numbers of clinical,in vitro, and animal studies report treatment failure, notably againstStaphylococcus aureus. The aim of this study was to identify the features of daptomycin and its target bacteria that lead to daptomycin treatment failure. We show that daptomycin bactericidal activity againstS. aureusvaries significantly with the growth state and strain, according to the membrane fatty acid composition. Daptomycin efficacy as an antibiotic relies on its ability to oligomerize within membranes and form pores that subsequently lead to cell death. Our findings ascertain that daptomycin interacts with tolerant bacteria and reaches its membrane target, regardless of its bactericidal activity. However, the final step of pore formation does not occur in cells that are daptomycin tolerant, strongly suggesting that it is incapable of oligomerization. Importantly, membrane fatty acid contents correlated with poor daptomycin bactericidal activity, which could be manipulated by fatty acid addition. In conclusion, daptomycin failure to treatS. aureusis not due to a lack of antibiotic-target interaction, but is driven by its capacity to form pores, which depends on membrane composition. Manipulation of membrane fluidity to restoreS. aureusdaptomycin bactericidal activityin vivocould open the way to novel antibiotic treatment strategies.

Microbial community structure and biomass in developing drinking water biofilms

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna M Keinänen ◽  
Pertti J Martikainen ◽  
Merja H Kontro (Suutari)
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Water Residence Time

Traditional techniques to study microbes, such as culturable counts, microbial biomass, or microbial activity, do not give information on the microbial ecology of drinking water systems. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the microbial community structure and biomass differed in biofilms collected from two Finnish drinking water distribution systems (A and B) receiving conventionally treated (coagulation, filtration, disinfection) surface water. Phospholipid fatty acid methyl esters (PLFAs) and lipopolysaccharide 3-hydroxy fatty acid methyl esters (LPS 3-OH-FAs) were analyzed from biofilms as a function of water residence time and development time. The microbial communities were rather stabile through the distribution systems, as water residence time had minor effects on PLFA profiles. In distribution system A, the microbial community structure in biofilms, which had developed in 6 weeks, was more complex than those grown for 23 or 40 weeks. The microbial communities between the studied distribution systems differed, possibly reflecting the differences in raw water, water purification processes, and distribution systems. The viable microbial biomass, estimated on the basis of PLFAs, increased with increasing water residence time in both distribution systems. The quantitative amount of LPS 3-OH-FAs increased with increasing development time of biofilms of distribution system B. In distribution system A, LPS 3-OH-FAs were below the detection limit.Key words: biofilm, distribution system, 3-hydroxy fatty acid, microbial community, PLFA.

scholarly journals On the Combined Application of Iatroscan TLC-FID and GC-FID to Identify Total, Neutral, and Polar Lipids and Their Fatty Acids Extracted from Foods

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassilia J. Sinanoglou ◽  
Irini F. Strati ◽  
Sotirios M. Bratakos ◽  
Charalampos Proestos ◽  
Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Geometrical Isomers ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
The Individual

An efficient separation and quantification of the individual neutral and polar lipid classes and their constituent fatty acids was achieved by the combination of two different detection techniques: Iatroscan TLC-FID and GC-FID. The solvent composition and ratio of development system, the sample size, the fidelity, and precision were tested in order to estimate the effectiveness of separation of individual neutral and polar lipid classes and the quantitative reproducibility of the Iatroscan TLC-FID technique. GC-FID method, with a high-quality capillary column, allowed sensitive and reproducible fatty acid qualitative and quantitative analyses, separation of fatty acid structural isomers (e.g., n-C16:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C16:0), positional isomers (e.g., C18:1ω-9 and C18:1ω-7), geometrical isomers (cis-trans), and homologues (e.g., C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, etc.) in standards and complex lipid samples. Seventeen (17) lipid classes and fifty-two (52) saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids were identified and quantified, respectively, in samples of standard lipid and fatty acid mixtures, simulating the composition of natural lipids and their fatty acid methyl esters in common foods. The wide number of applications establishes this combination of Iatroscan TLC-FID and GC-FID methods as a powerful tool for lipid class and fatty acid analysis of any fat origin.

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