scholarly journals Microbial Communities in Soils and Endosphere of Solanum tuberosum L. and their Response to Long-Term Fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Kracmarova ◽  
Jana Karpiskova ◽  
Ondrej Uhlik ◽  
Michal Strejcek ◽  
Jirina Szakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Set Up

An understanding of how fertilization influences endophytes is crucial for sustainable agriculture, since the manipulation of the plant microbiome could affect plant fitness and productivity. This study was focused on the response of microbial communities in the soil and tubers to the regular application of manure (MF; 330 kg N/ha), sewage sludge (SF; 330 and SF3x; 990 kg N/ha), and chemical fertilizer (NPK; 330-90-300 kg N-P-K/ha). Unfertilized soil was used as a control (CF), and the experiment was set up at two distinct sites. All fertilization treatments significantly altered the prokaryotic and fungal communities in soil, whereas the influence of fertilization on the community of endophytes differed for each site. At the site with cambisol, prokaryotic and fungal endophytes were significantly shifted by MF and SF3 treatments. At the site with chernozem, neither the prokaryotic nor fungal endophytic communities were significantly associated with fertilization treatments. Fertilization significantly increased the relative abundance of the plant-beneficial bacteria Stenotrophomonas, Sphingomonas and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In tubers, the relative abundance of Fusarium was lower in MF-treated soil compared to CF. Although fertilization treatments clearly influenced the soil and endophytic community structure, we did not find any indication of human pathogens being transmitted into tubers via organic fertilizers.

Grazing intensity rather than host plant’s palatability shape the community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a steppe grassland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maede Faghihinia ◽  
Yi Zou ◽  
Yongfei Bai ◽  
Martin Dudáš ◽  
Rob Marrs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Steppe Grassland

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the predominant type of mycorrhizal fungi in roots and rhizosphere soil of grass species worldwide. Grasslands are currently experiencing increasing grazing pressure, but it is not yet clear how grazing intensity and host plant grazing preference by large herbivores interact with soil- and root-associated AMF communities. Here, we tested whether the diversity and community composition of AMF in the roots and rhizosphere soil of two dominant perennial grasses grazed differently by livestock change in response to grazing intensity. We conducted a study in a long-term field experiment in which seven levels of field-manipulated grazing intensities were maintained for 13 years in a typical steppe grassland in northern China. We extracted DNA from the roots and rhizosphere soil of two dominant grasses, Leymus chinense (Trin.) Tzvel. and Stipa grandis P. Smirn, with contrasting grazing preference by sheep. AMF DNA from root and soil samples were then subjected to molecular analysis. Our results showed that AMF α-diversity (richness) at the virtual taxa (VT) level varied as a function of grazing intensity. Different VTs showed completely different responses along the gradient, one increasing, one decreasing and others showing no response. Glomeraceae was the most abundant AMF family along the grazing gradient, which fits well with the theory of disturbance tolerance of this group. In addition, sheep grazing preference for host plants did not explain a considerable variation in AMF α-diversity. However, the two grass species exhibited different community composition in their roots and rhizosphere soils. Roots exhibited a lower α-diversity and higher β-diversity within the AMF community than soils. Overall, our results suggest that long-term grazing intensity might have changed the abundance of functionally-diverse AMF taxa in favor of those with disturbance-tolerant traits. We suggest our results would be useful in informing the choice of mycorrhizal fungi indicator variables when assessing the impacts of grassland management choices on grassland ecosystem functioning.

Organic fertilizers alter the composition of pathogens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in maize roots

2017 ◽  
Vol 165 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 448-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Aguilar ◽  
Yazmin Carreón-Abud ◽  
Dante López-Carmona ◽  
John Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Maize Roots

scholarly journals Novel Approach to Study the Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities in Qatar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Oja ◽  
Sakeenah Adenan ◽  
Abdel-Fattah Talaat ◽  
Juha Alatalo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Fungal Abundance ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Soil Climate

A broad diversity of microorganisms can be found in soil, where they are essential for nutrient cycling and energy transfer. Recent high-throughput sequencing methods have greatly advanced our knowledge about how soil, climate and vegetation variables structure the composition of microbial communities in many world regions. However, we are lacking information from several regions in the world, e.g. Middle-East. We have collected soil from 19 different habitat types for studying the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities (both fungi and bacteria) in Qatar and determining which edaphic parameters exert the strongest influences on these communities. Preliminary results indicate that in overall bacteria are more abundant in soil than fungi and few sites have notably higher abundance of these microbes. In addition, we have detected some soil patameters, which tend to have reduced the overall fungal abundance and enhanced the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and N-fixing bacteria. More detailed information on the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities is expected from the high-throughput sequenced data.

scholarly journals Non-Specific Interactions of Rhizospheric Microbial Communities Support the Establishment of Mimosa acutistipula var. ferrea in an Amazon Rehabilitating Mineland

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2079
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique de Oliveira Costa ◽  
Sidney Vasconcelos do Nascimento ◽  
Hector Herrera ◽  
Markus Gastauer ◽  
Silvio Junio Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Wide Range

Mimosa acutistipula var. ferrea (Fabaceae) is endemic to ferruginous tropical rocky outcrops in the eastern Amazon, also known as canga. Canga are often associated with mining activities and are the target of protection and rehabilitation projects. M. acutistipula stands out in this biodiversity hotspot with high growth rates, even in rehabilitating minelands (RMs). However, little is known about the diversity of soil microorganisms interacting with M. acutistipula in canga and RMs. This study analyzed the rhizosphere-associated bacterial and fungal microbial communities associated with M. acutistipula growing in an RM and a native shrub canga. The fungal phylum Ascomycota was the dominant taxa identified in the rhizosphere of the canga (RA: 98.1) and RM (RA: 93.1). The bacterial phyla Proteobacteria (RA: 54.3) and Acidobacteria (RA: 56.2) were the dominant taxa identified in the rhizosphere in the canga and RM, respectively. Beneficial genera such as Bradyrhizobium, Rhodoplanes, and Paraconiothyrium were identified in the rhizosphere of M. acutistipula in both areas. However, the analyses showed that the fungal and bacterial diversity differed between the rhizosphere of the canga and RM, and that the microbial taxa adapted to the canga (i.e., Rasamsonia, Scytalidium, Roseiarcus, and Rhodomicrobium) were lacking in the RM. This influences the microbe-mediated soil processes, affecting long-term rehabilitation success. The results showed that M. acutistipula established non-specific interactions with soil microorganisms, including beneficial taxa such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, and other beneficial endophytes, well known for their importance in plant adaptation and survival. High levels of microbe association and a plant’s ability to recruit a wide range of soil microorganisms help to explain M. acutistipula’s success in rehabilitating minelands.

scholarly journals Impacts of long‐term elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations on communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 3445-3458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Maček ◽  
Dave R. Clark ◽  
Nataša Šibanc ◽  
Gerald Moser ◽  
Dominik Vodnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity and transpiratory rate in long-term field cover crop systems from tropical ecosystem, northeastern Brazil

Symbiosis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Sombra Barbosa ◽  
Tancredo Augusto Feitosa de Souza ◽  
Edjane de Oliveira Lucena ◽  
Lucas Jónatan Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Lídia Klestadt Laurindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Tropical Ecosystem ◽  
Term Field

scholarly journals Influence of bioproducts and mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and yielding of sweet cherry trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Sławomir Głuszek ◽  
Edyta Derkowska ◽  
Lidia Sas Paszt ◽  
Mirosław Sitarek ◽  
Beata Sumorok
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Cherry Trees

The experiment assessed the influence of various biofertilizers and biostimulants on the growth characteristics of the root system, its colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the yielding of sweet cherry trees in field conditions. The experiment, conducted in Pomological Orchard of Research Institute of Horticulture located in Skierniewice during 2011–2014, involved the use of a mycorrhizal substrate, organic fertilizers and biostimulant in randomised block design. The control combination consisted of plants fertilized with mineral fertilizers (NPK). The use of the organic fertilizer BF Ekomix in dose 100 g per tree each year in the spring significantly increased the number of root tips in comparison with the control trees. There was also a tendency for the roots to lengthen and increase their surface area under the influence of this biofertilizer. In addition, the inoculation of roots with the mycorrhizal substrate in dose 200 g per tree per year stimulated the colonization of the roots of sweet cherry trees by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which in turn led to improved root growth parameters.

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