scholarly journals Soil Type Affects Organic Acid Production and Phosphorus Solubilization Efficiency Mediated by Several Native Fungal Strains from Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorcas Zúñiga-Silgado ◽  
Julio C. Rivera-Leyva ◽  
Jeffrey J. Coleman ◽  
Ayixon Sánchez-Reyez ◽  
Susana Valencia-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Acidity Constants ◽  
Organic Acid Production ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Different Soils

Phosphorus (P) is considered a scarce macronutrient for plants in most tropical soils. The application of rock phosphate (RP) has been used to fertilize crops, but the amount of P released is not always at a necessary level for the plant. An alternative to this problem is the use of Phosphorus Solubilizing Microorganisms (PSM) to release P from chemically unavailable forms. This study compared the P sorption capacity of soils (the ability to retain P, making it unavailable for the plant) and the profile of organic acids (OA) produced by fungal isolates and the in vitro solubilization efficiency of RP. Trichoderma and Aspergillus strains were assessed in media with or without RP and different soils (Andisol, Alfisol, Vertisol). The type and amount of OA and the amount of soluble P were quantified, and according to our data, under the conditions tested, significant differences were observed in the OA profiles and the amount of soluble P present in the different soils. The efficiency to solubilize RP lies in the release of OAs with low acidity constants independent of the concentration at which they are released. It is proposed that the main mechanism of RP dissolution is the production of OAs.

scholarly journals Biochar Enhances Aspergillus niger Rock Phosphate Solubilization by Increasing Organic Acid Production and Alleviating Fluoride Toxicity

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 3081-3085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto de Oliveira Mendes ◽  
David Lopez Zafra ◽  
Nikolay Bojkov Vassilev ◽  
Ivo Ribeiro Silva ◽  
José Ivo Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Activated Alumina ◽  
Organic Acid Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACTDuring fungal rock phosphate (RP) solubilization, a significant quantity of fluoride (F−) is released together with phosphorus (P), strongly inhibiting the process. In the present study, the effect of two F−adsorbents [activated alumina (Al2O3) and biochar] on RP solubilization byAspergillus nigerwas examined. Al2O3adsorbed part of the F−released but also adsorbed soluble P, which makes it inappropriate for microbial RP solubilization systems. In contrast, biochar adsorbed only F−while enhancing phosphate solubilization 3-fold, leading to the accumulation of up to 160 mg of P per liter. By comparing the values of F−measured in solution at the end of incubation and those from a predictive model, it was estimated that up to 19 mg of F−per liter can be removed from solution by biochar when added at 3 g liter−1to the culture medium. Thus, biochar acted as an F−sink during RP solubilization and led to an F−concentration in solution that was less inhibitory to the process. In the presence of biochar,A. nigerproduced larger amounts of citric, gluconic, and oxalic acids, whether RP was present or not. Our results show that biochar enhances RP solubilization through two interrelated processes: partial removal of the released F−and increased organic acid production. Given the importance of organic acids for P solubilization and that most of the RPs contain high concentrations of F−, the proposed solubilization system offers an important technological improvement for the microbial production of soluble P fertilizers from RP.

scholarly journals In vitro Organic Acid Production and In Vivo Food Pathogen Suppression by Probiotic S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smith Etareri Evivie ◽  
Amro Abdelazez ◽  
Bailiang Li ◽  
Xin Bian ◽  
Wan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Organic Acid Production ◽  
Food Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Suppression

In vitro ileal and caecal fermentation of fibre substrates in the growing pig given a human-type diet

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Montoya ◽  
Paul Blatchford ◽  
Paul J. Moughan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Organic Acid Production ◽  
Human Type ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Caecal Fermentation

Abstract This study characterised the in vitro ileal fermentability of different substrates in the growing pig, adopted as an animal model for the adult human, and compared in vitro ileal and caecal fermentation in the pig. Substrates (arabinogalactan (AG), cellulose, fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), inulin, mucin, citrus pectin and resistant starch) were fermented in vitro (ileal 2 h and caecal 24 h) with an ileal or caecal inoculum prepared from ileal or caecal digesta collected from growing pigs (n 5) fed a human-type diet for 15 d. The organic matter (OM) fermentability and production of organic acids were determined. In general, there was considerable in vitro ileal fermentation of fibre, and the substrates differed (P < 0·001) for both in vitro ileal and caecal OM fermentability and for organic acid production. Pectin had the greatest in vitro ileal OM fermentability (26 %) followed by AG, FOS and resistant starch (15 % on average), and cellulose, inulin and mucin (3 % on average). The fermentation of FOS, inulin and mucin was greater for in vitro caecal fermentation compared with the ileal counterpart (P ≤ 0·05). In general, the organic acid production was higher for in vitro caecal fermentation (P ≤ 0·05). For instance, the in vitro ileal acetic acid production represented 4–46 % of in vitro caecal production. Energy from fibre fermentation of 0·6–11 kJ/g substrate fermented could be expected in the ileum of the pig. In conclusion, substrates are fermented in both the ileum and caecum. The degree of fermentation varies among substrates, especially for in vitro ileal fermentation.

Metabolism of Wheat Dextrin, Partially Hydrolysed Guar Gum and Inulin by Bifidobacterium lactis or Lactobacillus acidophilus in an In Vitro Gut Model Fermentation System

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
S. Pyle ◽  
R.A. Rastall ◽  
G.R. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Bifidobacterium Lactis ◽  
Organic Acid Production ◽  
Bacterial Metabolites

Combining the fibres wheat dextrin (WD), partially hydrolysed guar gum (PHGG) and inulin with probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (NCFM) or Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 (HN019) may enhance bacterial metabolites leading to a healthier gut community. The aim of this study was to determine whether WD, PHGG and inulin or NCFM and HN019 alone generate a more favourable gut bacterial community than when combined. A secondary aim was to assess organic acid production following prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotic fermentation. An in vitro gut model batch culture fermentation was run for 72h. Samples were collected for bacterial enumeration (fluorescent in situ hybridisation combined with flow cytometry) and organic acid production (gas chromatography). Inulin and HN019 combination significantly increased bifidobacteria compared to inulin alone. Additionally, a significant increase in lactic acid bacteria, Bacteroides and Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale was found in the inulin containing probiotic vessels. The WD and PHGG vessels combined with the probiotic did not show any alteration in bacterial metabolism compared to the dietary fibres alone. In conclusion, synbiotic inulin combined with either HN019 or NCFM may help to enhance bacterial metabolites and cross-feeding to lead to a prolonged elevation in Bifidobacterium spp., and lactic acid bacteria.

Organic acid exudation by Laccaria bicolor and Pisolithus tinctorius exposed to aluminum in vitro

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R Cumming ◽  
Troy D Swiger ◽  
Betsy S Kurnik ◽  
Daniel G Panaccione
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Laccaria Bicolor ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Organic Acid Production ◽  
Organic Acid Exudation

Ectomycorrhizal fungi exhibit varying degrees of aluminum (Al) tolerance and often confer Al tolerance to their host trees. The mechanisms of Al tolerance operating in ectomycorrhizae have yet to be elucidated. We exposed cultures of Laccaria bicolor (Maire) P.D. Orton and Pisolithus tinctorius Coker & Couch to Al in vitro and assessed organic acid production and the accumulation of Al and other nutrients in mycelia. Both L. bicolor and P. tinctorius were tolerant of Al in culture media at concentrations up to 500 µM. Aluminum did not significantly alter patterns of organic acid exudation in L. bicolor. Exposure to Al changed organic acid exudation profiles of P. tinctorius, altering patterns of tartrate, glycolate, and formate production and inducing oxalate production. Although growth was unaffected by Al in media, the concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Fe in mycelia were significantly reduced by exposure to Al in both species. The concentration of Al in mycelia increased with media Al concentration, with P. tinctorius accumulating four times more Al than L. bicolor. These results suggest that organic acid production may not be involved in Al tolerance in these ectomycorrhizal fungi, since patterns of exudation were not affected by Al in L. bicolor and the production of oxalate by P. tinctorius was ineffective at ameliorating Al-induced changes in ion accumulation by mycelia of this species.

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