scholarly journals Candida albicans Virulence Factors and Pathogenicity for Endodontic Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1300
Author(s):  
Yeon-Jee Yoo ◽  
A Reum Kim ◽  
Hiran Perinpanayagam ◽  
Seung Hyun Han ◽  
Kee-Yeon Kum
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Host Defenses ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Tooth Dentin ◽  
Endodontic Infections ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gel

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the fungus most frequently isolated from endodontic root canal infections. Although recognized by dental pulp and periradicular tissue cells that elicit immune responses, it eludes host defenses and elicits cell death. Then, C. albicans binds tooth dentin, forms biofilms, and invades dentinal tubules to resist intracanal disinfectants and endodontic treatments. Insensitive to most common medicaments, it survives sequestered within biofilms and intratubular dentin. Thus, C. albicans has been associated with cases of persistent or refractory root canal infections. Its treatment strategies may require alternative intracanal irrigants, intracanal medicaments such as chlorhexidine gel or human beta defensin-3 (HBD3), Ca-Si-based obturating materials, and microsurgical procedures.

scholarly journals Candida albicans Biofilm Heterogeneity and Tolerance of Clinical Isolates: Implications for Secondary Endodontic Infections

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Alkhir Alshanta ◽  
Suror Shaban ◽  
Christopher J Nile ◽  
William McLean ◽  
Gordon Ramage
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Complex Surface ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Biofilm Heterogeneity ◽  
Endodontic Infections ◽  
Endodontic Irrigation ◽  
Metabolic Reduction

Aim: Endodontic infections are caused by the invasion of various microorganisms into the root canal system. Candida albicans is a biofilm forming yeast and the most prevalent eukaryotic microorganism in endodontic infections. In this study we investigated the ability of C. albicans to tolerate treatment with standard endodontic irrigants NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and a combination thereof. We hypothesized that biofilm formed from a panel of clinical isolates differentially tolerate disinfectant regimens, and this may have implications for secondary endodontic infections. Methodology: Mature C. albicans biofilms were formed from 30 laboratory and oral clinical isolates and treated with either 3% NaOCl, 17% EDTA or a sequential treatment of 3% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA for 5 min. Biofilms were then washed, media replenished and cells reincubated for an additional 24, 48 and 72 h at 37 °C. Regrowth was quantified using metabolic reduction, electrical impedance, biofilm biomass and microscopy at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h. Results: Microscopic analysis and viability readings revealed a significant initial killing effect by NaOCl, followed by a time dependent significant regrowth of C. albicans, but with inter-strain variability. In contrast to NaOCl, there was a continuous reduction in viability after EDTA treatment. Moreover, EDTA significantly inhibited regrowth after NaOCl treatment, though viable cells were still observed. Conclusions: Our results indicate that different C. albicans biofilm phenotypes grown in a non-complex surface topography have the potential to differentially tolerate standard endodontic irrigation protocols. This is the first study to report a strain dependent impact on efficacy of endodontic irrigants. Its suggested that within the complex topography of the root canal, a more difficult antimicrobial challenge, that existing endodontic irrigant regimens permit cells to regrow and drive secondary infections.

scholarly journals Microleakage: Apical Seal vs Coronal Seal

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Harsh Amlani
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Open Cavity ◽  
Operative Procedures ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Previously Treated

ABSTRACT Microorganisms can reach the dental pulp through the open cavity, dentinal tubules, gingival sulcus, periodontal ligament through a broken occlusal seal or faulty restoration of tooth previously treated by endodontic therapy or extension of a periapical infection from adjacent infected teeth. During operative procedures, these possible paths must be considered to prevent ingress. While endodontic therapy is being performed, these paths must be blocked to avoid contamination during and after the treatment. Well treated tooth might also fail if microorganisms reach the periradicular tissues. After root canal obliteration, care must be taken to ensure maintenance of the coronal as well as apical seal from contaminants. How to cite this article Amlani H, Hegde V. Microleakage: Apical Seal vs Coronal Seal. World J Dent 2013;4(2):113-116.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF A 980-NM DIODE LASER’S ACTIVATION OF 2.5% NAOCL AND 2% CHLORHEXIDINE ANTIFUNGAL IRRIGATION SOLUTIONS ON CANDIDA ALBICANS BIOFILMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Chitra Iselinni ◽  
Ratna Meidyawati ◽  
Nilakusuma Djauharie
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Candida Albicans Biofilms

Objective: Candida albicans is the most frequently found fungi in persistent root canal infections; it can form a biofilm and penetrate into dentinal tubules. Endodontic irrigants, such as 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), have antifungal properties, but limited penetration into dentinal tubules, which somewhat protects the C. albicans fungi. The use of a diode laser is an innovative approach in root canal treatments because it is able to penetrate deeper into the dentinal tubules. This study examined the effect of a 980-nm diode laser on the antifungal properties of 2.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX on C. albicans biofilms.Methods: The number of C. albicans colonies in the biofilms was recorded after irrigation using 2.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX. Then, the biofilms were radiated using a 980-nm diode laser.Results: Showed statistically significant differences between the use of the irrigants only and the use of the irrigants plus the diode laser treatment in the reduction of the C. albicans colonies in the biofilm.Conclusion: Diode laser is able to activate the antifungal properties of the 2.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX endodontic irrigants.

scholarly journals Debunking the Concept of Dentinal Tubule Penetration of Endodontic Sealers: Sealer Staining with Rhodamine B Fluorescent Dye Is an Inadequate Method

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3211
Author(s):  
David Donnermeyer ◽  
Sina Schmidt ◽  
Arno Rohrbach ◽  
Johannes Berlandi ◽  
Sebastian Bürklein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Dentinal Tubule ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Rhodamine B Dye

The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of rhodamine B dye staining of an epoxy resin sealer (AH Plus) and calcium-silicate-based sealers (Total Fill BC Sealer, BioRoot RCS) to represent the penetration depth of the sealers into dentinal tubules after root canal obturation. In a three-step process, (1) leaching of rhodamine B from sealers into a buffer solution, (2) passive penetration of leached rhodamine B into dentinal tubules, and (3) conformity of rhodamine B penetration assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and sealer penetration assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in root-canal-filled teeth, were evaluated. Rhodamine B dye massively leached out of Total Fill BC Sealer and BioRoot RCS into the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). A pinkish coloration of AH Plus was found after contact with PBS. Leached rhodamine B dye passively penetrated dentinal tubules from all three sealers when placed on root dentin. No correlation was observed between sealer penetration in SEM and rhodamine B penetration in CLSM. Staining of sealers using rhodamine B is an inadequate method with which to evaluate sealer penetration depth into dentinal tubules, as it overestimates the penetration of sealers into root dentin tubules.

scholarly journals Development of A Nano-Apatite Based Composite Sealer for Endodontic Root Canal Filling

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Angelica Bertacci ◽  
Daniele Moro ◽  
Gianfranco Ulian ◽  
Giovanni Valdrè
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Acid Attack ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Sealing Capacity ◽  
Endodontic Sealers

Recently, endodontic sealers based on injectable bioactive materials were proposed to improve the filling of anatomical irregularities during root canal obturation. In this context, this preliminary work investigated the possibility of realizing a new calcium phosphate-based composite sealer for root canal filling with an optimized composition on setting kinetics and dentin tubules occlusion. Several calcium phosphate/liquid phase mixtures were initially evaluated for their workability, finding two suitable formulations. Both of them contained 66 wt.% of a nano-apatite-based cement (solid powdered phase). The liquid phase (34 wt.%) comprised 13.6% propanediol and 20.4% PEG 1000 (formulation 1), and formulation 2 comprised 27.2% glycerin and 6.8% PEG 200 (formulation 2). Then, these formulations were tested by means of permeability measurements and observation by scanning electron microscopy of treated model dentin samples. Both formulations succeeded in occluding dentinal tubules: the first one was able to create a full-bodied layer on dentin surface and, moreover, to resist, at least to a large extent, against citric acid attack. The second one showed a lower effectiveness after citric acid exposure. The composite compound that better satisfied the overall required characteristics of use, workability and sealing capacity was formulation 1.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of the effectiveness of the chemomechanical preparation against Enterococcus faecalis after single- or multiple-visit root canal treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Diogo Gurgel-Filho ◽  
Nilton Vivacqua-Gomes ◽  
Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida Gomes ◽  
Caio Cezar Randi Ferraz ◽  
Alexandre Augusto Zaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Single Visit ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Multiple Visit ◽  
Microbial Samples ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gel

The purpose was to assess the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis in vitro in human mandibular premolars after chemomechanical preparation with or without the use of a calcium hydroxide dressing. After 60 days of contamination with E. faecalis, the root canals were prepared using the Crown-Down technique combined with 2% chlorhexidine gel irrigation. Then, the specimens were divided into two experimental groups, treated in a single visit or in multiple visits, and two control groups. The multiple-visit group received a dressing with calcium hydroxide for 14 days (CalenTM) and the single-visit group did not receive any medication. In the two control groups, the canals were filled with BHI after chemomechanical preparation with 2% chlorhexidine gel or distilled water. Microbial samples were taken from the root canals for colony forming unit count for each phase of the treatment using sterile paper points inside the root canal lumen. Data were ranked and analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test. The residual microbial colonies were then assessed. The results showed that chemomechanical preparation using 2% chlorhexidine gel with no intra-canal dressing reduced by 100% the E. faecalis contamination of the root canal lumen. The calcium-hydroxide group that received the 14-day intra-canal dressing allowed a small number of bacteria to grow between visits, but without statistical differences between groups.

Scanning electron microscope evaluation of chlorhexidine gel and liquid associated with sodium hypochlorite cleaning on the root canal walls

2010 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. e82-e87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Carneiro Valera ◽  
Adriana Chung ◽  
Márcia Maciel Menezes ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Fernandes Fernandes ◽  
Cláudio Antonio Talge Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gel ◽  
Scanning Electron

scholarly journals Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) expression in developing human teeth

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ferreira Martinez ◽  
Luciana Alves Herdy da Silva ◽  
Cristiane Furuse ◽  
Ney Soares de Araújo ◽  
Vera Cavalcanti de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Enamel Organ ◽  
Dentin Matrix Protein 1 ◽  
Tooth Formation ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Dental Lamina ◽  
Dentin Matrix Protein ◽  
Dental Papilla ◽  
Dentin Matrix

Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is an acidic phosphoprotein that plays an important role in mineralized tissue formation by initiation of nucleation and modulation of mineral phase morphology. The purpose of the present study was to examine the immunoexpression of DMP1 in tooth germs of 7 human fetuses at different gestational ages (14, 16, 19, 20, 21, 23 and 24 weeks) comparing with completed tooth formation erupted teeth. The results showed the presence of DMP1 in the dental lamina, as well as in the cells of the external epithelium, stellate reticulum and stratum intermedium of the enamel organ. However, in the internal dental epithelium, cervical loop region and dental papilla some cells have not labeled for DMP1. In the crown stage, DMP1 was expressed in the ameloblast and odontoblast layer, as well as in the dentinal tubules of coronal dentin near the odontoblast area. Erupted teeth with complete tooth formation exhibited immunolabeling for DMP1 only in the dentinal tubules mainly close to the dental pulp. No staining was observed in the enamel, predentin or dental pulp matrix. DMP1 is present in all developing dental structures (dental lamina, enamel organ, dental papilla) presenting few immunoexpression variations, with no staining in mineralized enamel and dentin.

scholarly journals In vivo immune responses to Candida albicans modified by treatment with recombinant murine gamma interferon.

1989 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1800-1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Garner ◽  
U Kuruganti ◽  
C W Czarniecki ◽  
H H Chiu ◽  
J E Domer
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Gamma Interferon

scholarly journals Immune Responses to Candida albicans in Genetically Distinct Mice

1982 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1020-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Hector ◽  
Judith E. Domer ◽  
Emily W. Carrow
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Immune Responses
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