scholarly journals Genetic Impairment of Cellulose Biosynthesis Increases Cell Wall Fragility and Improves Lipid Extractability from Oleaginous Alga Nannochloropsis salina

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1195
Author(s):  
Seok Won Jeong ◽  
Kwon HwangBo ◽  
Jong Min Lim ◽  
Seung Won Nam ◽  
Bong Soo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Nannochloropsis Salina ◽  
Production Platform ◽  
Cellulose Synthase Gene ◽  
C And N ◽  
Sugar Phosphates ◽  
Photoassimilate Partitioning

In microalgae, photosynthesis provides energy and sugar phosphates for the biosynthesis of storage and structural carbohydrates, lipids, and nitrogenous proteins. The oleaginous alga Nannochloropsis salina does not preferentially partition photoassimilates among cellulose, chrysolaminarin, and lipids in response to nitrogenous nutrient deprivation. In the present study, we investigated whether genetic impairment of the cellulose synthase gene (CesA) expression would lead to protein accumulation without the accumulation of storage C polymers in N. salina. Three cesA mutants were generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 approach. Cell wall thickness and cellulose content were reduced in the cesA1 mutant, but not in cesA2 or cesA4 cells. CesA1 mutation resulted in a reduction of chrysolaminarin and neutral lipid contents, by 66.3% and 37.1%, respectively, but increased the soluble protein content by 1.8-fold. Further, N. salina cells with a thinned cell wall were susceptible to mechanical stress, resulting in a 1.7-fold enhancement of lipid extractability. Taken together, the previous and current studies strongly suggest the presence of a controlling mechanism that regulates photoassimilate partitioning toward C and N metabolic pathways as well as the cellulose metabolism as a potential target for cost-effective microalgal cell disruption and as a useful protein production platform.

Seeds as Economical Production Platform for Recombinant Proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarwar Khan ◽  
Faiz Ahmad Joyia ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Oral Delivery ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Production Platform ◽  
Vaccine Antigens ◽  
Term Storage

: The cost-effective production of high-quality and biologically active recombinant molecules especially proteins is extremely desirable. Seed-based recombinant protein production platforms are considered as superior choice owing to lack of human/animal pathogenic organisms, lack of cold chain requirements for transportation and long-term storage, easy scalability and development of edible biopharmaceuticals in plants with objective to be used in purified or partially processed form is desirable. This review article summarizes the exceptional features of seed-based biopharming and highlights the needs of exploiting it for commercial purposes. Plant seeds offer a perfect production platform for high-value molecules of industrial as well as therapeutic nature owing to lower water contents, high protein storage capacity, weak protease activity and long-term storage ability at ambient temperature. Exploiting extraordinarily high protein accumulation potential, vaccine antigens, antibodies and other therapeutic proteins can be stored without effecting their stability and functionality up to years in seeds. Moreover, ability of direct oral consumption and post-harvest stabilizing effect of seeds offer unique feature of oral delivery of pharmaceutical proteins and vaccine antigens for immunization and disease treatment through mucosal as well as oral route.

scholarly journals Functional Characterisation of the Poplar Atypical Aspartic Protease Gene PtAP66 in Wood Secondary Cell Wall Deposition

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1002
Author(s):  
Shenquan Cao ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Huanhuan Ji ◽  
Mengjie Guo ◽  
Jiyao Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Protease Gene ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Transcription Analysis ◽  
Functional Characterisation

Secondary cell wall (SCW) deposition is an important process during wood formation. Although aspartic proteases (APs) have been reported to have regulatory roles in herbaceous plants, the involvement of atypical APs in SCW deposition in trees has not been reported. In this study, we characterised the Populus trichocarpa atypical AP gene PtAP66, which is involved in wood SCW deposition. Transcriptome data from the AspWood resource showed that in the secondary xylem of P. trichocarpa, PtAP66 transcripts increased from the vascular cambium to the xylem cell expansion region and maintained high levels in the SCW formation region. Fluorescent signals from transgenic Arabidopsis plant roots and transiently transformed P. trichocarpa leaf protoplasts strongly suggested that the PtAP66-fused fluorescent protein (PtAP66-GFP or PtAP66-YFP) localised in the plasma membrane. Compared with the wild-type plants, the Cas9/gRNA-induced PtAP66 mutants exhibited reduced SCW thickness of secondary xylem fibres, as suggested by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data. In addition, wood composition assays revealed that the cellulose content in the mutants decreased by 4.90–5.57%. Transcription analysis further showed that a loss of PtAP66 downregulated the expression of several SCW synthesis-related genes, including cellulose and hemicellulose synthesis enzyme-encoding genes. Altogether, these findings indicate that atypical PtAP66 plays an important role in SCW deposition during wood formation.

scholarly journals In silico and functional characterization of the promoter of a Eucalyptussecondary cell wall associated cellulose synthase gene (EgCesA1)

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (S7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicky Creux ◽  
Minique De Castro ◽  
Martin Ranik ◽  
Antanas Spokevicius ◽  
Gerd Bossinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Cellulose Synthase Gene

scholarly journals Cellulose synthase interactive1- and microtubule-dependent cell wall architecture is required for acid growth in Arabidopsis hypocotyls

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2982-2994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoran Xin ◽  
Lei Lei ◽  
Yunzhen Zheng ◽  
Tian Zhang ◽  
Sai Venkatesh Pingali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Acid Growth ◽  
Cell Wall Assembly ◽  
Dependent Cell ◽  
Cell Wall Architecture

Abstract Auxin-induced cell elongation relies in part on the acidification of the cell wall, a process known as acid growth that presumably triggers expansin-mediated wall loosening via altered interactions between cellulose microfibrils. Cellulose microfibrils are a major determinant for anisotropic growth and they provide the scaffold for cell wall assembly. Little is known about how acid growth depends on cell wall architecture. To explore the relationship between acid growth-mediated cell elongation and plant cell wall architecture, two mutants (jia1-1 and csi1-3) that are defective in cellulose biosynthesis and cellulose microfibril organization were analyzed. The study revealed that cell elongation is dependent on CSI1-mediated cell wall architecture but not on the overall crystalline cellulose content. We observed a correlation between loss of crossed-polylamellate walls and loss of auxin- and fusicoccin-induced cell growth in csi1-3. Furthermore, induced loss of crossed-polylamellate walls via disruption of cortical microtubules mimics the effect of csi1 in acid growth. We hypothesize that CSI1- and microtubule-dependent crossed-polylamellate walls are required for acid growth in Arabidopsis hypocotyls.

scholarly journals Revised Phylogeny of the Cellulose Synthase Gene Superfamily: Insights into Cell Wall Evolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 177 (3) ◽  
pp. 1124-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Little ◽  
Julian G. Schwerdt ◽  
Neil J. Shirley ◽  
Shi F. Khor ◽  
Kylie Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Cellulose Synthase Gene ◽  
Cellulose Synthase Gene Superfamily

Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids from Nannochloropsis salina enhanced by breaking microalgae cell wall under alkaline digestion

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaojing Qiu ◽  
Craig Frear ◽  
Shulin Chen ◽  
Pius Ndegwa ◽  
Joe Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nannochloropsis Salina ◽  
Alkaline Digestion ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Synthesis of Kojic Ester Derivatives as Potential Antibacterial Agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolynne Zie Wei Sie ◽  
Zainab Ngaini ◽  
Nurashikin Suhaili ◽  
Eswaran Madiahlagan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
C And N ◽  
Fungal Fermentation ◽  
Sago Waste ◽  
Azobenzene Derivatives

The search for lead product with beneficial pharmacological properties has become a great challenge and costly. Extraction and synthetic modification of bioactive compounds from natural resources has gained great attention and is cost effective. In this study, kojic acid was produced from fungal fermentation, using sago waste as substrate, and chemically incorporated with chalcones and azobenzene to form a series of kojic ester derivatives and evaluated for antibacterial activities. Kojic ester bearing halogenated chalcone demonstrated active inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus compared to that of standard ampicillin. The inhibition increased as the electronegativity of halogens decreased, while incorporation of azobenzene derivatives on kojic acid backbone demonstrated fair antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 190–330 ppm. The presence of C=C and N=N reactive moieties in both chalcone and azo molecules contributed to the potential biological activities of the kojic acid ester.

scholarly journals Differential Gene Expression of Brachypodium distachyon Roots Colonized by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and the Role of BdCESA8 in the Colonization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Yang ◽  
Kathleen A. Hill ◽  
Ryan S. Austin ◽  
Lining Tian
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing

Alternatives to synthetic nitrogen fertilizer are needed to reduce the costs of crop production and offset environmental damage. Nitrogen-fixing bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus has been proposed as a possible biofertilizer for monocot crop production. However, the colonization of G. diazotrophicus in most monocot crops is limited and deep understanding of the response of host plants to G. diazotrophicus colonization is still lacking. In this study, the molecular response of the monocot plant model Brachypodium distachyon was studied during G. diazotrophicus root colonization. The gene expression profiles of B. distachyon root tissues colonized by G. diazotrophicus were generated via next-generation RNA sequencing, and investigated through gene ontology and metabolic pathway analysis. The RNA sequencing results indicated that Brachypodium is actively involved in G. diazotrophicus colonization via cell wall synthesis. Jasmonic acid, ethylene, gibberellin biosynthesis. nitrogen assimilation, and primary and secondary metabolite pathways are also modulated to accommodate and control the extent of G. diazotrophicus colonization. Cellulose synthesis is significantly downregulated during colonization. The loss of function mutant for Brachypodium cellulose synthase 8 (BdCESA8) showed decreased cellulose content in xylem and increased resistance to G. diazotrophicus colonization. This result suggested that the cellulose synthesis of the secondary cell wall is involved in G. diazotrophicus colonization. The results of this study provide insights for future research in regard to gene manipulation for efficient colonization of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in Brachypodium and monocot crops. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

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