scholarly journals The Neglected Microbial Components of Commercial Probiotic Formulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1177
Author(s):  
Walter Fiore ◽  
Stefania Arioli ◽  
Simone Guglielmetti
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Probiotic Product ◽  
Minimum Numbers

Producers of probiotic products are legally required to indicate on the label only the minimum numbers of viable microorganisms at the end of shelf life expressed as colony-forming units (CFUs). Label specifications, however, describe only a fraction of the actual microbiological content of a probiotic formulation. This paper describes the microbiological components of a probiotic product that are not mentioned on the label, such as the actual number of CFUs, the presence of viable cells that cannot generate colonies on agar plates, and the abundance of dead cells. These “hidden” microbial fractions in probiotic products, the abundance of which may change during the shelf life, can promote biological responses in the host. Therefore, they should not be ignored because they may influence the efficacy and can be relevant for immunocompromised or fragile consumers. In conclusion, we propose the minimum requirements for microbiological characterization of probiotic products to be adopted for label specifications and clinical studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Lyophilization on Survivability and Growth Kinetic of Trichoderma Strains Preserved on Various Agriculture By-Products

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Witkowska ◽  
Katarzyna Buska-Pisarek ◽  
Wojciech Łaba ◽  
Michał Piegza ◽  
Anna Kancelista
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Growth Kinetic ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
By Products

Growth kinetics of four Trichoderma strains was tested on lignocellulosic by-products in solid state fermentation (SSF). The strains were also analyzed for their survival rate and growth after lyophilization on these carriers. All applied monocomponent and bicomponent media were substrates for the production and preservation of Trichoderma biomass. However, the maximum number of colony forming units (CFU/g dm) was acquired on bicomponent media based on dried grass and beet pulp or grass with corn cobs, when compared to monocomponent media. Although the process of lyophilization reduced the survival rate by 50%-60%, the actual number of viable cells in obtained biopreparations remained relatively high (0.58 × 108 - 1.68 × 108 CFU/g dm). The studied strains in the preserved biopreparations were characterized by a high growth rate, as evaluated in microcultures using the Bioscreen C system.

Density and morphological characterization of bacteria in integrated and exclusive production systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
A. R. B. Zanco ◽  
A. Ferreira ◽  
G. C. M. Berber ◽  
E. N. Gonzaga ◽  
D. C. C. Sabino
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Exclusive Production ◽  
Colony Forming Units

The different integrated production systems can directly interfere with its bacterial community. The present study aimed to assess density, bacterial diversity and the influence of dry and rainy season in different integrated and an exclusive production system. The fallow and a native forest area was assessed to. Samples were collected in 2012 March and September. The isolation were carried out into Petri dishes containing DYGS medium. The number of colony forming units (CFU) was counted after 48 hours and. The bacterial density ranged between 106 and 107 CFU g-1 soil. The crop system affected the dynamics of the bacterial community only in the rainy season. The rainy season showed greater density of total bacteria when compared to the dry period regardless of the cropping system. The dendrograms with 80 % similarity showed thirteen and fourteen groups in the rainy and dry seasons. Isolates with the capacity to solubilize phosphate in vitro were obtained from all areas in the two seasons, but this feature has been prevalent in bacteria isolated during the rainy season

scholarly journals PSIX-18 Laurate and its glycerol monoester, monolaurin, as potential additives to control Listeria monocytogenes and tetracycline resistant Enterococcus faecalis in air-exposed silage

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
Yamicela Castillo-Castillo ◽  
Marina Ontiveros ◽  
Eric J Scholljegerdes ◽  
Robin Anderson ◽  
Claudio Arzola-Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Risk Infection

Abstract Silages can harbor pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant microbes which risk infection of food-producing animals. Livestock producers need effective yet environmentally friendly interventions to preserve the feed value of these fermented materials. Medium chain fatty acids such as laurate and its glycerol monoester, monolaurin, are potent inhibitors of many Gram-positive bacteria and when tested at 5 mg/mL in anaerobic cultures (n = 3/treatment) inoculated with 105 colony forming units (CFU) of Listeria monocytogenes and grown at 37oC in ½ strength Brain Heart infusion broth achieved near complete elimination of viable cells after 6 h compared to a 2.2 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/mL increase observed in controls. Culture of a tetracycline-resistant Enterococcus faecalis with 5 mg laurate/mL likewise achieved near complete elimination of viable cells (5 log10 CFU/mL) by 6 h incubation. The bactericidal effect of 5 mg monolaurin was less against E. faecalis, achieving a decrease of 1.8 ± 0.2 log10 CFU/mL and not decreased further after 24 h. When tested against air-exposed silage, pH 7.53 (4 g), mixed with 4 mL water, 5 mg laurate or monolaurin decreased viability of experimentally-inoculated L. monocytogenes (105 CFU/g silage) more (P < 0.05) than untreated controls after 24 h aerobic incubation (22oC), with viable counts being decreased 6.3 ± 0.1, 5.9 ± 0.8 and 4.5 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/g, respectively. In contrast, viable recovery of the experimentally-inoculated (105 CFU/g) tetracycline-resistant E. faecalis was reduced more (P < 0.05) than controls (decreased 0.7 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/g) after 6 h incubation when similarly tested with laurate and monolaurin (1.7 ± 0.5 and 3.0 ± 0.9 log10 CFU/g, respectively) but counts after 24 h were similar, decreasing on average 2.0 ± 0.5 log10 CFU/g). Results indicate laurate and monolaurin may be useful in killing L. monocytogenes and tetracycline-resistant E. faecalis during silage feed-out.

scholarly journals An integrated chemical and technological approach for assessing Portuguese wheat flours quality and lengthening bread shelf-life

2019 ◽  
pp. 884
Author(s):  
Fernando Cebola Lidon ◽  
Diana Daccak ◽  
Paula Scotti-Campos ◽  
Maria Manuela Silva ◽  
Ana Sofia Bagulho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
Technological Approach ◽  
Industrial Level

The current trend of large-scale bread production is to facilitate processing at an industrial level, considering the use of flour mixtures with different chemical and technological parameters and incorporating food additives. Accordingly, costs can be minimized, whereas the quality and the shelf-life of the final product might increase, but a full characterization of the flours that must be used and the selection of the food additives to be incorporated into the dough is required. In this context, three Portuguese wheat flour varieties were evaluated (FariRamos, Nacional and AJMiranda), as well as two types of food additives with the aim to increase bread shelf-life. In these flours, the levels of K, S, P, Ca and Cl prevailed, but the moisture and ash contents of FariRamos were the highest and lowest, respectively. The colour of all flours was generally within the desired standard values. Nacional flour contained a higher fat content, but all the flours showed a higher relative abundance of linoleic acid (C18:2), followed by palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1). AJMiranda flour revealed a higher content of wet gluten and protein, but the SDS sedimentation index showed a higher value in the FariRamos flour. The fall index, which directly monitors the activity of the α-amylase enzyme, showed a lower value in AJMiranda and Nacional. Through farinograph and alveographyc analysis it was found that FariRamos has a tenacious gluten, but AJMiranda and Nacional had a balanced gluten, yet all of them can be classified as medium flours. Bread making with a mix of FariRamos, AJMiranda and Nacional flours and incorporating preservative food additives revealed the highest shelf-life (11-days) with methyl p-hydroxybenzoate [0.05 %] and benzoic acid [0.1 %], but the colour of the breads showed a relationship of intensity of white colour that depended on the additive used. At the end of the shelf-life, molds of the Eurotium, Trichoderma and Cladosporium genera developed in the bread. It was concluded that the chemical and technological approach applied in the characterization of the flour varieties, can be directly used to define the quality and shelf-life in the bakery industry, allowing the establishment of minimum commercialization prices.

scholarly journals Characterization of Optimal Strain, Frequency and Duration of Mechanical Loading on Skeletal Myotubes' Biological Responses

In Vivo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1779-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATHANASIOS MOUSTOGIANNIS ◽  
ANASTASSIOS PHILIPPOU ◽  
EVANGELOS ZEVOLIS ◽  
ORJONA TASO ◽  
ANTONIOS CHATZIGEORGIOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Skeletal Myotubes ◽  
Strain Frequency

scholarly journals Dielectrophoretic Immobilization of Yeast Cells Using CMOS Integrated Microfluidics

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 501
Author(s):  
Honeyeh Matbaechi Ettehad ◽  
Pouya Soltani Zarrin ◽  
Ralph Hölzel ◽  
Christian Wenger
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Set Up

This paper presents a dielectrophoretic system for the immobilization and separation of live and dead cells. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a promising and efficient investigation technique for the development of novel lab-on-a-chip devices, which characterizes cells or particles based on their intrinsic and physical properties. Using this method, specific cells can be isolated from their medium carrier or the mixture of cell suspensions (e.g., separation of viable cells from non-viable cells). Main advantages of this method, which makes it favorable for disease (blood) analysis and diagnostic applications are, the preservation of the cell properties during measurements, label-free cell identification, and low set up cost. In this study, we validated the capability of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated microfluidic devices for the manipulation and characterization of live and dead yeast cells using dielectrophoretic forces. This approach successfully trapped live yeast cells and purified them from dead cells. Numerical simulations based on a two-layer model for yeast cells flowing in the channel were used to predict the trajectories of the cells with respect to their dielectric properties, varying excitation voltage, and frequency.

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