scholarly journals Characterization of Indigenous Lactic Acid Bacteria in Cow Milk of the Maltese Islands: A Geographical and Seasonal Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 812
Author(s):  
Elisa Garroni ◽  
Agapi I. Doulgeraki ◽  
Foteini Pavli ◽  
David Spiteri ◽  
Vasilis P. Valdramidis

A geographical and seasonal assessment of indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in Maltese cow milk was conducted in this study. To investigate this, milk was collected from different regions of Malta during winter and summer seasons. Total viable counts (TVC) and LAB population were enumerated. Afterwards, LAB were isolated and identified by molecular methods. According to the results, similar TVC were enumerated on winter and summer samples, while highest LAB population was detected on summer samples. LAB isolates were grouped in seven different clusters which were assigned to Lactobacillus casei, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Weissella paramesenteroides, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactococcus lactis, and Lactococcus garvieae. In addition, Enterococcus and Streptococcus species were also isolated. Season seemed to affect the genus/species of LAB since Lactobacillus were mainly isolated from winter samples, while Lactococcus and Enterococcus species were the main genera identified in summer samples. Regarding the geographical distribution, the majority of the Lactobacillus spp. were isolated from the South-eastern region in both seasons. In conclusion, through this study the diversity of indigenous LAB in the Maltese cow milk was monitored for the first time and highlighted that the microbial communities are affected by seasonality and geographical distribution of the farms.

Author(s):  
Maria Tereza Pereira ◽  
Elsa Helena Walter de Santana ◽  
Joice Sifuentes dos Santos

Produtos lácteos fermentados contêm bactérias ácido lácticas (BAL), naturalmente presentes ou adicionadas na matriz láctea como culturas iniciadoras (starters), contribuindo com aroma, textura, valor nutricional e segurança microbiológica. Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., Lactococcus spp. e Leuconostoc spp. são utilizados como culturas starters em laticínios. As BAL podem ser classificadas em mesofílicas (ex Lactococcus lactis) e termofílicas (ex Streptococcus thermophilus), e de acordo com seus metabólitos de fermentação em homofermentativas (ácido lático) e heterofermentativas (ácido lático, dióxido de carbono, diacetil e outros compostos flavorizantes). Entre as BAL há um grupo de bactérias lácticas que não fazem parte da cultura láctica (non starter lactic acid bacteria - NSLAB), que são oriundas do leite cru, do ambiente de ordenha ou da indústria formando biofilmes. As NSLAB são representadas por espécies heterofermentativas de lactobacilos mesofílicos como Lactobacillus casei spp., L. paracasei spp., L. rhamnosus spp. e L. plantarum spp., e ainda por Pediococcus spp., Leuconostoc spp. e Micrococcus spp. NSLAB termoduricas como Bacillus spp. também são relatadas. As NSLAB em queijos podem ajudar a desenvolver sabor e aroma, porém também são associadas aos defeitos em queijos e leites fermentados. Problemas como odores estranhos, sabor amargo ou muito ácido, perda de viscosidade, perda de coloração, estufamento e formação de gás são associados com a presença e contaminação por NSLAB. Assim, as BAL são importantes micro-organismos na indústria láctea, garantindo sabores e aromas aos derivados. Já a presença de NSLAB podem ser associados com defeitos em queijos e leites fermentados, sendo um problema na indústria beneficiadora.   Palavras-chave: Característica Sensorial. Leites Fermentados. Queijo. Textura.                       Abstract Fermented dairy products contain acid bacteria (BAL) naturally present or added to the dairy matrix as starter cultures (starters), contributing to aroma, texture, nutritional value and microbiological safety. Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., Lactococcus spp. and Leuconostoc spp. are used as starter dairy crops. As BAL it can be classified as mesophilic (ex: Lactococcus lactis) and thermophilic (ex: Streptococcus thermophilus), and agree with its fermentation metabolites in homofermentative (lactic acid) and heterofermentative (lactic acid, carbon dioxide, diacetyl and other flavorings). Among the BAL, there is a group of lactic bacteria that are not part of the dairy culture (non-initiating lactic acid bacteria - NSLAB) that originate from raw milk, the milking environment or the biofilm-forming industry. NSLAB is represented by heterofermentative species of mesophilic lactobacilli such as Lactobacillus casei spp., L. paracasei spp., L. rhamnosus spp. and L. plantarum spp., and also by Pediococcus spp., Leuconostoc spp. and Micrococcus spp. Termoduric NSLAB such as Bacillus spp. are also related. NSLAB in cheeses may help develop flavor and aroma, and they are also associated with defects in fermented cheeses and milks. Problems such as strange odors, bitter or very acidic taste, loss of viscosity, loss of color, establishment and gas training are associated with the presence and contamination by NSLAB. Thus,  BALs are important microorganisms in the dairy industry, contributing to the dairy flavors and aromas. The presence of NSLAB, on the other hand, can be associated with defects in fermented milk and cheese, being a problem in the processing industry.   Keywords: Cheese. Fermented Milk. Sensory Characteristic. Texture.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yeshambel Taye ◽  
Tadesse Degu ◽  
Haben Fesseha ◽  
Mesfin Mathewos

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have long been consumed by people in several fermented foods such as dairy products. A study was conducted on lactating dairy cows to isolate and characterize LAB from dairy products found in and around Bahir-Dar city, North Western Ethiopia. Milk and milk products were randomly collected from dairy farms, milk vending shops, individual households, and supermarkets for bacteriological investigations. A total of sixteen samples were taken from different sources and cultured on different selective media: de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar for Lactobacillus spp.; M17 agar for Lactococcus spp.; Rogasa SL agar for Streptococci spp.; and MRS supplemented with cysteine (0.5%) for Bifidobacteria spp. Different laboratory techniques were implemented for LAB isolation and identification. A total of 41 bacterial isolates were grouped under five different genera of LAB and Bifidobacteria spp. were identified based on the growth morphology on the selective media, growth at a different temperature, gas production from glucose, carbohydrate fermentation, and other biochemical tests. LAB genera such as Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, and Bifidobacterium spp. were isolated and identified from raw milk, cheese, and yogurt. Based on the current study, the majority of the LAB (24.38%) was isolated from cheese and yogurt. Among these, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus (21.94%), Streptococcus (19.51%), Leuconostoc (14.64%), Bifidobacteria (12.19%), and Pediococcus (7.31%) spp. were also identified from these products. Furthermore, based on the bacterial load count and different identification methodologies, our study revealed that Lactobacillus spp. were the dominant LAB isolated from milk and milk products. As a result, since there are few studies on the isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from dairy products in Ethiopia, more research studies are needed to complete the identification and characterization to species level and their possible role as probiotics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Jeong A Kim ◽  
Geun Su Kim ◽  
Se Mi Choi ◽  
Myeong Seon Kim ◽  
Do Young Kwon ◽  
...  

Hardening of cheese is one of major issues that degrade the quality of Home Meal Replacement (HMR) foods containing cheese such as Cheese-ddukbokki rice cake (CD, stir-fried rice cakes with shredded cheese). The quality of cheese, such as pH, proteolytic, and flavor properties, depends on various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in cheese fermentation. The hardening of cheese is also caused by LAB. In this study, various LAB strains were isolated from CD samples that showed rapid hardening. The correlation of LAB with the hardening of cheese was investigated. Seven of the CD samples with different manufacturing dates were collected and tested for hardening properties of cheese. Among them, strong-hardening of cheese was confirmed for two samples and weak-hardening was confirmed for one sample. All LAB in two strong-hardening samples and 40% of LAB in one weak-hardening sample were identified as Latilactobacillus curvatus. On the other hand, most LAB in normal cheese samples were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus casei. We prepared cheese samples in which L. curvatus (LC-CD) and L. mesenteroides (LM-CD) were most dominant, respectively. Each CD made of the prepared cheese was subjected to quality test for 50 days at 10 °C. Hardening of cheese with LC-CD dominant appeared at 30 days. However, hardening of cheese with LM-CD dominant did not appear until 50 days. The pH of the LC-CD was 5.18 ± 0.04 at 30 days, lower than that of LM-CD. The proteolytic activity of LC-CD sample was 2993.67 ± 246.17 units/g, higher than that of LM-CD sample (1421.67 ± 174.5 units/g). These results indicate that high acid production and high protease activity of L. curvatus might have caused hardening of cheese.


2021 ◽  
Vol 709 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
Evy Rossi ◽  
Akhyar Ali ◽  
Raswen Efendi ◽  
Fajar Restuhadi ◽  
Yelmira Zalfiatri ◽  
...  

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