scholarly journals Biocontrol of Rice Seedling Rot Disease Caused by Curvularia lunata and Helminthosporium oryzae by Epiphytic Yeasts from Plant Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Savitree Limtong ◽  
Parichat Into ◽  
Panchapond Attarat
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Seedling Rot ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Epiphytic Yeast ◽  
Helminthosporium Oryzae

Seedling rot disease in rice leads to significant loss in the production of seedlings. This research was conducted to explore yeasts that could be used as biological control agents against rice seedling rot disease caused by Curvularia lunata and Helminthosporium oryzae. In total, 167 epiphytic yeast strains were evaluated, revealing that 13 of these yeast strains demonstrated antagonistic activities against fungal pathogens and either C. lunata DOAC 2313 or H. oryzae DOAC 2293. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and biofilm produced were possible antagonistic mechanisms in vitro for all the antagonistic yeast strains. Using nursery trays in a greenhouse, this study evaluated the control of rice seedling rot disease caused by these two fungal pathogens using antagonistic yeasts, identified in the present study and from our previous study. Torulaspora indica DMKU-RP31 and Wickerhamomyces anomalus YE-42 were found to completely control rice seedling rot disease caused by both of these fungal pathogens. Furthermore, W. anomalus DMKU-RP04 revealed 100% disease control when the disease was caused by H. oryzae. This is the first report on using antagonistic yeasts to control rice seedling rot disease caused by C. lunata and H. oryzae. These three antagonistic yeasts also showed promising potential for development as biocontrol agents against rice seedling rot disease caused by fungi.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Decontaminant HybenX® Compared to Chlorhexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite against Common Bacterial and Yeast Pathogens

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Antonelli ◽  
Luca Giovannini ◽  
Ilaria Baccani ◽  
Valentina Giuliani ◽  
Riccardo Pace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Endodontic Infections ◽  
Reference Strains

The recent increase in infections mediated by drug-resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens underlines the urgent need for novel antimicrobial compounds. In this study, the antimicrobial activity (inhibitory and cidal) of HybenX®, a novel dessicating agent, in comparison with commonly used sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine, against a collection of bacterial and yeast strains representative of the most common human pathogenic species was evaluated. The minimal inhibitory, bactericidal, and fungicidal concentrations (MIC, MBC, and MFC, respectively) of the three different antimicrobial agents were evaluated by broth microdilution assays, followed by subculturing of suitable dilutions. HybenX® was active against 26 reference strains representative of staphylococci, enterococci, Enterobacterales, Gram-negative nonfermenters, and yeasts, although at higher concentrations than sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine. HybenX® MICs were 0.39% for bacteria (with MBCs ranging between 0.39% and 0.78%), and 0.1–0.78% for yeasts (with MFCs ranging between 0.78% and 1.6%). HybenX® exhibited potent inhibitory and cidal activity at low concentrations against several bacterial and yeast pathogens. These findings suggest that HybenX® could be of interest for the treatment of parodontal and endodontic infections and also for bacterial and fungal infections of other mucous membranes and skin as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity in vitro of Sapranthus microcarpus (Annonaceae) against phytopathogens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván De-la-Cruz-Chacón ◽  
Nora Yazmin López-Fernández ◽  
Christian Anabí Riley-Saldaña ◽  
Marisol Castro Moreno ◽  
Alma Rosa González-Esquinca
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Alkaloid Extracts

Background and Aims: The phytochemistry study of Annonaceae has intensified in the last decades due to the discovery of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activities. The inhibitory activities of extracts and compounds from these species for phytopathogens are less known. The antifungal activity of Sapranthus microcarpus was determined in vitro against six fungal pathogens of important crops.Methods: Hexane, methanol, and alkaloid extracts of the leaves and root and stem bark of S. microcarpus were evaluated to determine whether they could inhibit the mycelial growth of the phytopathogens. The combined activity of the most active extracts for each phytopathogen was also determined. The alkaloid liriodenine was isolated and identified as an antifungal principle.Key results: All extracts inhibited the growth of the six phytopathogens to some extent. The root bark alkaloid extract showed the highest activity. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Curvularia lunata were the most sensitive phytopathogens. Liriodenine was active against all the plant pathogens (minimum inhibitory concentrations of 125-500 nmol ml-1).Conclusions: Sapranthus microcarpus is a native natural resource with great phytochemical potential.

scholarly journals Fusarium oxysporum (F221-B) as biocontrol agent against plant pathogenic fungi in vitro and in hydroponics

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thongkamngam Titi ◽  
Jaenaksorn Tanimnun
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Further Development

Efficacy of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum (F221-B) was assessed as a possible biocontrol agent against fungal pathogens, namely Curvularia lunata (C11, C12), F. semitectum (F113), F. oxysporum f.sp. lactucae (F221-R, F442-G), Rhizoctonia solani (R11, R12), Rhizoctonia sp. (R111, R112, R113) in vitro, while F221-B showed a moderate ability to inhibit the mycelial growth of tested fungi about 36–56%. Then, F221-B was further evaluated for its ability of controlling lettuce root rot and wilt caused by F442-G in hydroponics. It was revealed that F221-B reduced disease incidence and severity about 60–80% compared to the inoculated control and significantly promoted the growth of 3 lettuce varieties. Interestingly, using only F221-B gave the significantly highest fresh weight (twice over the healthy control). Conclusively, this study provides an important suggestion for further development of F221-B since it showed the ability of biocontrol agent and plant growth promoting fungus.

scholarly journals Postharvest Treatments with Three Yeast Strains and Their Combinations to Control Botrytis cinerea of Snap Beans

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2736
Author(s):  
Mingfang Feng ◽  
You Lv ◽  
Tiantian Li ◽  
Xinmao Li ◽  
Jiayin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Cryptococcus Albidus ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Yeast Strains

Three yeast strains, namely Cryptococcus albidus (Ca63), Cryptococcus albidus (Ca64), and Candida parapsilosis (Yett1006), and their combinations, including single yeast agent, two combined yeast strains, single yeast agent + NaHCO3, single yeast agent + chitosan, single yeast agent + ascorbic acid, and single yeast agent + konjac powder, were evaluated for their activity against Botrytis cinerea, the most economically important fungal pathogens causing postharvest disease of snap beans. In in vitro tests, no inhibition zone was observed in dual cultures of three yeast strains and B. cinerea. The mycelial growth inhibition rates of B. cinerea for Ca63, Ca64, and Yett1006 were 97%, 95%, and 97%, respectively. In in vivo tests, the optimal combination of the lowest disease index of snap beans with B. cinerea was Ca63 + Ca64, with a preventing effect of 75%. The decay rate and rust spots index of Ca64 + ascorbic acid combination were 25% and 20%, respectively, which were the lowest. The activities of defense-related enzymes increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content was suppressed in snap beans after different treatments. Our results highlight the potential of the three yeast strains and their combinations as new nonpolluting agents for the integrated control of B. cinerea on snap beans.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF FUNGAL MYCOFLORA ON RICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ASIF ILYAS ◽  
FAZAL UR REHMAN ◽  
AFTAB SULTAN ◽  
MRAN ILYAS ◽  
IQRA ILYAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
The World ◽  
Helminthosporium Oryzae ◽  
Nigrospora Oryzae ◽  
Isolated Species

Introduction: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second best essential cereal crop of the world as well as of Pakistan. There are various fungal pathogens that attack on rice and cause various rice diseases. Methods: Therefore, the present experiments were done to isolated different fungi associated with seeds, stems, and leaves of commercially grown rice varieties and of mainly isolated species. Results: Several fungi, namely, Magnaporthe oryzae, Curvularia lunata, Helminthosporium oryzae, Fusarium moniliforme, Alternaria alternata, Nigrospora oryzae, and Aspergillus niger were isolated from seeds, stems, and affected leaves of rice. Conclusion: In our research, the frequency of fungal mycoflora on rice has been calculated and the maximum isolates of Fusarium spp. have been found.

Allelochemical tricin in rice hull and its aurone isomer against rice seedling rot disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1018-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chui-Hua Kong ◽  
Xiao-Hua Xu ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Song-Zhu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Seedling Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals Toxoflavin is an Essential Factor for Virulence of Burkholderia glumae Causing Rice Seedling Rot Disease.

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyoshi YONEYAMA ◽  
Yoshiki KONO ◽  
Isamu YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Mamoru HORIKOSHI ◽  
Takashi HIROOKA
Keyword(s):  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
Seedling Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals Biological Control of Fruit Rot and Anthracnose of Postharvest Mango by Antagonistic Yeasts from Economic Crops Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilasinee Konsue ◽  
Tida Dethoup ◽  
Savitree Limtong
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Pseudozyma Hubeiensis

To select antagonistic yeasts for the control of fruit rot caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in postharvest mango fruit, 307 yeast strains isolated from plant leaves were evaluated for their antagonistic activities against these two fungal pathogens in vitro. Torulaspora indica DMKU-RP31, T. indica DMKU-RP35 and Pseudozyma hubeiensis YE-21 were found to inhibit the growth of L. theobromae whereas only Papiliotrema aspenensis DMKU-SP67 inhibited the growth of C. gloeosporioides. Antagonistic mechanisms of these four antagonistic yeasts in vitro consisted of the production of antifungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs), biofilm formation and siderophore production. T. indica DMKU-RP35 was the most effective strain in controlling fruit rot on postharvest mango fruits. Its action was comparable to that of the fungicide, benomyl, reducing the disease severity by 82.4%, whereas benomyl revealed 87.5% reduction. P. aspenensis DMKU-SP67 reduced anthracnose severity by 94.1%, which was comparable to that of using benomyl (93.9%). The antifungal VOCs produced by these yeast strains also reduced the severity of these diseases on postharvest mango fruits but at lower rates than using yeast cells. Therefore, these antagonistic yeasts have the potential for use as biological control agents for the control of fruit rot and anthracnose diseases.

scholarly journals In vitro screening of fungicides and tannins against fungal pathogens of jujube fruits

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
MZ Hoque ◽  
AM Akanda ◽  
MIH Miah ◽  
MKA Bhuiyan ◽  
MG Miah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Fusarium Semitectum ◽  
Poison Food Technique

The aim of this study to identify the effective fungicides for controlling major leaf and fruit diseases of Jujube caused by different fungal pathogens. An in vitro experiment was undertaken to screen ten fungicides and two Tannins against six important fungal pathogens of Jujube fruits which were Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium semitectum and Pestalotiopsis palmarum. Fungicides were Conza 5 EC (Hexaconazole), Folicur 250 EC (Tebuconazole) and Potent 250 EC (Propiconazole), Bavistin DF (Carbendazim), Kasumin 2% liquid (Kasugamycin), Rovral 50 WP (Iprodine), Matco 72 WP (Mancozeb 64% + Metalaxyl 8%), Geneb 80 WP (Mancozeb), Emivit 50 WP (Copper oxychloride) and Evavit 80 WG (Sulphur 80 WG). And two tannins were Chestnut Tannin and Quabracho Tannin. Plain water was used as control. Poison food technique was followed to conduct the experiment. Both Tannins did not show satisfactory inhibition of mycelial growth of any of the six fungal pathogens. The effectiveness of fungicides varied greatly with fungal species. The most effective fungicides were Folicur 250 EC followed by Potent 250 EC, Rovral 50 WP, Conza 5 WP and Bavistin DF. Folicur 250 EC caused 89.52% inhibition of mycelium growth of A. alternata and 100% growth inhibition in other five fungi. In addition, Potent 250 EC inhibited growth of L. theobromae, C. lunata, F. semitectum and P. palmarum by 100% and that of C. gloeosporioides by 91.79%. Complete growth inhibition of F. semitectum and P. palmarum was achieved with Bavistin DF. Furthermore, Conza 5 EC caused 100% growth inhibition in C. lunata and more than 90% in L. theobromae and F. semitectum.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 154-161, 2016

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