scholarly journals Yeast–Yeast Interactions: Mechanisms, Methodologies and Impact on Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Bordet ◽  
Alexis Joran ◽  
Géraldine Klein ◽  
Chloé Roullier-Gall ◽  
Hervé Alexandre
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Wine Composition ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Composition Modification ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Yeast Interactions ◽  
Wine Matrix

During the winemaking process, alcoholic fermentation is carried out by a consortium of yeasts in which interactions occurs. The consequences of these interactions on the wine matrix have been widely described for several years with the aim of controlling the winemaking process as well as possible. In this review, we highlight the wide diversity of methodologies used to study these interactions, and their underlying mechanisms and consequences on the final wine composition and characteristics. The wide variety of matrix parameters, yeast couples, and culture conditions have led to contradictions between the results of the different studies considered. More recent aspects of modifications in the composition of the matrix are addressed through different approaches that have not been synthesized recently. Non-volatile and volatile metabolomics, as well as sensory analysis approaches are developed in this paper. The description of the matrix composition modification does not appear sufficient to explain interaction mechanisms, making it vital to take an integrated approach to draw definite conclusions on them.

Does Vitamin K Intake Influence High Phosphate Induced Vascular Pseudo-ossification: An Underappreciated Therapeutic Prospect in General Population?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-430
Author(s):  
Zar Chi Thent ◽  
Gabriele R.A. Froemming ◽  
Suhaila Abd Muid
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Vascular Complication ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
High Phosphate

Increasing interest in vascular pseudo-ossification has alarmed the modern atherosclerotic society. High phosphate is one of the key factors in vascular pseudo ossification, also known as vascular calcification. The active process of deposition of the phosphate crystals in vascular tissues results in arterial stiffness. High phosphate condition is mainly observed in chronic kidney disease patients. However, prolonged exposure with high phosphate enriched foods such as canned drinks, dietary foods, etc. can be considered as modifiable risk factors for vascular complication in a population regardless of chronic kidney disease. High intake of vitamin K regulates the vascular calcification by exerting its anti-calcification effect. The changes in serum phosphate and vitamin K levels in a normal individual with high phosphate intake are not well investigated. This review summarised the underlying mechanisms of high phosphate induced vascular pseudo ossification such as vascular transdifferentiation, vascular apoptosis and phosphate uptake by sodium-dependent co-transporters. Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar were searched using the terms ‘vitamin K’, ‘vascular calcification, ‘phosphate’, ‘transdifferentiation’ and ‘vascular pseudoossification’. Vitamin K certainly activates the matrix GIA protein and inhibits vascular transition and apoptosis in vascular pseudo-ossification. The present view highlighted the possible therapeutic linkage between vitamin K and the disease. Understanding the role of vitamin K will be considered as potent prophylaxis agent against the vascular disease in near future.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage-Based Biosensing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An Integrated Approach for the Putative Real-Time Detection of Multi-Drug-Resistant Strains

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Liliam K. Harada ◽  
Waldemar Bonventi Júnior ◽  
Erica C. Silva ◽  
Thais J. Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda C. Moreli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Metabolic Versatility ◽  
The Matrix

During the last decennium, it has become widely accepted that ubiquitous bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages, exert enormous influences on our planet’s biosphere, killing between 4–50% of the daily produced bacteria and constituting the largest genetic diversity pool on our planet. Currently, bacterial infections linked to healthcare services are widespread, which, when associated with the increasing surge of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, play a major role in patient morbidity and mortality. In this scenario, Pseudomonas aeruginosa alone is responsible for ca. 13–15% of all hospital-acquired infections. The pathogen P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic one, being endowed with metabolic versatility and high (both intrinsic and acquired) resistance to antibiotics. Bacteriophages (or phages) have been recognized as a tool with high potential for the detection of bacterial infections since these metabolically inert entities specifically attach to, and lyse, bacterial host cells, thus, allowing confirmation of the presence of viable cells. In the research effort described herein, three different phages with broad lytic spectrum capable of infecting P. aeruginosa were isolated from environmental sources. The isolated phages were elected on the basis of their ability to form clear and distinctive plaques, which is a hallmark characteristic of virulent phages. Next, their structural and functional stabilization was achieved via entrapment within the matrix of porous alginate, biopolymeric, and bio-reactive, chromogenic hydrogels aiming at their use as sensitive matrices producing both color changes and/or light emissions evolving from a reaction with (released) cytoplasmic moieties, as a bio-detection kit for P. aeruginosa cells. Full physicochemical and biological characterization of the isolated bacteriophages was the subject of a previous research paper.

Precipitation of highly luminescent phases from PECVD Si suboxides

2004 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Perálvarez ◽  
M. López ◽  
B. Garrido ◽  
J.R. Morante ◽  
J. Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Composition Profile ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Detailed Composition ◽  
Preparation Route

ABSTRACTSi nanoclusters (Si-nc) embedded in SiO2 present outstanding luminescent emission in the visible and are the material of choice for the realization of efficient light sources integrated with Si technology. PECVD is an attractive preparation route but there is still the need to understand how Si excess and matrix composition affect the precipitation of Si-nc and their photoluminescence (PL) efficiency. The SiOx PECVD layers studied here have a Si excess up to 50% and a thickness between 50 and 100 nm. The phase separation, precipitation and growth of the Si-nc have been achieved by annealing at 1250 °C. For reference, the same study has been performed in Si-nc/SiO2 materials synthesized by ion implantation and annealing. Refractive index and thickness measured by ellipsometry show a densification of the layers after the H release during annealing. A detailed composition profile has been determined by XPS and FTIR analyses and shows almost complete phase separation except for the interfaces, where a depletion of Si-nc is found. EFTEM demonstrates that isolated Si-nc are formed for Si excess up to 25% while for higher Si excess a continuous Si phase is observed. The PL efficiency in PECVD samples is maximized for a Si excess of 17% which is the same Si excess than that for the most emitting implanted samples. No dependence of PL efficiency has been found on the presence of Nitrogen in the matrix (up to the 10%).

scholarly journals Sleep disorders in migraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
N. V. Vashchenko ◽  
A. I. Kozhev ◽  
Ju. E. Azimovа
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Migraine and sleep disorders are common in the general population, may be associated with each other and often significantly reduce patients’ quality of life. Clinicians and epidemiological studies have long acknowledged a link between these conditions. However, the exact nature of this relationship, its underlying mechanisms and patterns are complex and not fully understood. This publication brings together the latest data on the relationship between migraine and sleep disorders: the biochemical and functional-anatomical background, the mutual influence of these conditions on each other and the typical sleep disturbances in migraine patients (such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, parasomnia, snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness). The paper discusses the hypotheses of pathogenetic relationships based on the studies of the central nervous system’s anatomical and physiological features in people with migraine and sleep disorders. The available data should encourage physicians to evaluate sleep quality in migraineurs and use combination therapy systematically. The therapy of insomnia is reviewed: both nonpharmacological and pharmacological therapies are discussed; the advantages of an integrated approach are discussed, and a brief overview of each group of medications is offered.Lastly, a case study of a patient with chronic migraine and insomnia treated with Doxylamine in combination therapy is presented. Treatment with Doxylamine significantly reduced the incidence of insomnia, probably thereby positively influencing the course of migraine as well.

Slurry Wear Test of Long Kenaf Polyester Composite (LKPC) and Long Kenaf Polyester with Fiberglass Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 919-924
Author(s):  
Muhd Azimin Ab Ghani ◽  
A.F. Ahmad Kamal ◽  
Mohamad Ali Ahmad ◽  
Y.M.D. Taib ◽  
Z. Salleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Slurry Erosion ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Fiberglass Composite ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Erosion Test

This paper presents an experimental study on the influence of fiberglass woven in Long Kenaf Polyester Composite (LKPC). Wear and friction characteristics were examined using sea water and sand as a slurry. Wear test were carried out using Slurry Erosion Test Rig (TR-40). These tests were performed at room temperature with speed of 200 rpm for every 2 km interval. The results from the tests show that mass loss were depends on the matrix composition of the composite. Surface Roughness, Ra, was consistently reduced after each test in all cases.

Influence of WC Particle Size and Matrix Composition on the Behavior of WC-Co-Cr Coatings Sprayed by the HVOF Process

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Berget ◽  
E. Bardal ◽  
T. Rogne
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Deposition Efficiency ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Coating Properties ◽  
Hvof Process ◽  
Erosion Corrosion ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract WC-Co-Cr powders with different WC particle size have been sprayed by the HVOF process. At constant spraying conditions the powders give coatings of different quality. The deposition efficiency during spraying of powders containing large WC particles was found to be low compared to powders with finer WC grains. In addition the amounts of porosity and cracks were different. The coatings have been characterised by different methods. Erosion and erosion-corrosion tests showed that the WC particle size also influence the wear resistance of the coatings. Small WC particle size was found to be beneficial. Chemical composition of the matrix was also found to be decisive for the coating properties. An increase of the chromium content improved the erosion-corrosion resistance.

scholarly journals Viability-PCR Allows Monitoring Yeast Population Dynamics in Mixed Fermentations Including Viable but Non-Culturable Yeasts

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1373
Author(s):  
Yurena Navarro ◽  
María-Jesús Torija ◽  
Albert Mas ◽  
Gemma Beltran
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Yeast Population ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Differential Medium ◽  
Yeast Interactions

The use of controlled mixed inocula of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and non-Saccharomyces yeasts is a common practice in winemaking, with Torulaspora delbrueckii, Lachancea thermotolerans and Metschnikowia pulcherrima being the most commonly used non-Saccharomyces species. Although S. cerevisiae is usually the dominant yeast at the end of mixed fermentations, some non-Saccharomyces species are also able to reach the late stages; such species may not grow in culture media, which is a status known as viable but non-culturable (VBNC). Thus, an accurate methodology to properly monitor viable yeast population dynamics during alcoholic fermentation is required to understand microbial interactions and the contribution of each species to the final product. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) has been found to be a good and sensitive method for determining the identity of the cell population, but it cannot distinguish the DNA from living and dead cells, which can overestimate the final population results. To address this shortcoming, viability dyes can be used to avoid the amplification and, therefore, the quantification of DNA from non-viable cells. In this study, we validated the use of PMAxx dye (an optimized version of propidium monoazide (PMA) dye) coupled with qPCR (PMAxx-qPCR), as a tool to monitor the viable population dynamics of the most common yeast species used in wine mixed fermentations (S. cerevisiae, T. delbrueckii, L. thermotolerans and M. pulcherrima), comparing the results with non-dyed qPCR and colony counting on differential medium. Our results showed that the PMAxx-qPCR assay used in this study is a reliable, specific and fast method for quantifying these four yeast species during the alcoholic fermentation process, being able to distinguish between living and dead yeast populations. Moreover, the entry into VBNC status was observed for the first time in L. thermotolerans and S. cerevisiae during alcoholic fermentation. Further studies are needed to unravel which compounds trigger this VBNC state during alcoholic fermentation in these species, which would help to better understand yeast interactions.

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