scholarly journals Unraveling the Fungal Community Associated with Leaf Spot on Crataegus sp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Sonia Salazar-Cerezo ◽  
María de la Cruz Meneses-Sánchez ◽  
Rebeca D. Martínez-Contreras ◽  
Nancy Martínez-Montiel
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Necrotic Spots ◽  
Aureobasidium Sp

Crataegus sp. is a tree that grows in temperate zones with worldwide distribution and is commonly known in Mexico as tejocote. The use of products derived from Crataegus in traditional medicine, food, and cosmetics has increased over the last few years and the relevance of this plant has also grown. Here, we report a disease that was observed in tejocote plants that grew both in the wild and in greenhouses in Puebla (Mexico). The disease was characterized by necrotic spots on the leaf ranging from brown to reddish tones that were accompanied by structures on the back of the leaf. Furthermore, we investigated the fungal genera associated with infected leaves in wild tejocote plants, from which we recovered Alternaria sp., Aureobasidium sp., Dreschlera sp., Fusarium sp., Paecilomyces sp. and Ulocladium sp. genera. Inoculation on healthy Crataegus sp. plants with isolate UAP140 showed similar symptoms as observed in nature, while inoculation with UAP127 resulted in the development of necrotic lesions in the leaf. The identity of these isolates was further studied through the phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, where isolate UAP140 showed the highest identity with Fusarium equiseti and isolate UAP127 was similar to Alternaria arborescens. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a characteristic disease developed in Crataegus sp. plants in Mexico where the fungal community associated to the lesion was analyzed. Further studies would be necessary to determine the ecological and environmental implications of the microbiome on the appearance and development of the disease.

scholarly journals Morpho-molecular identification and first report of Fusarium equiseti in causing chilli wilt from Kashmir (Northern Himalayas)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammarah Hami ◽  
Rovidha S. Rasool ◽  
Nisar A. Khan ◽  
Sheikh Mansoor ◽  
Mudasir A. Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
High Degree

AbstractChilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most significant vegetable and spice crop. Wilt caused by Fusarium Sp. has emerged as a serious problem in chilli production. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is widely used as a DNA barcoding marker to characterize the diversity and composition of Fusarium communities. ITS regions are heavily used in both molecular methods and ecological studies of fungi, because of its high degree of interspecific variability, conserved primer sites and multiple copy nature in the genome. In the present study we focused on morphological and molecular characterization of pathogen causing chilli wilt. Chilli plants were collected from four districts of Kashmir valley of Himalayan region. Pathogens were isolated from infected root and stem of the plants. Isolated pathogens were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR amplification. The amplified product was sequenced and three different wilt causing fungal isolates were obtained which are reported in the current investigation. In addition to Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani, a new fungal species was found in association with the chilli wilt in Kashmir valley viz., Fusarium equiseti that has never been reported before from this region. The studies were confirmed by pathogenicity test and re-confirmation by DNA barcoding.

scholarly journals Isolamento e identificação da microbiota fúngica e de dermatófitos da pele de eqüinos hígidos e daqueles afetados por dermatofitose

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Mayumi Ishikawa ◽  
Ronaldo Lucas ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Larsson ◽  
Walderez Gambale ◽  
Wilson Roberto Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Scopulariopsis Brevicaulis ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aureobasidium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Pela inexistência na literatura latino-americana e brasileira de trabalhos que enfoquem a microbiota fúngica de eqüinos hígidos e as principais espécies de dermatófitos em casos de eqüinos com lesões sugestivas de infecção dermatofítica do tegumento cutâneo, utilizaram-se 175 eqüinos, de ambos os sexos, tanto de raça definida como daqueles sem perfeita definição racial, de diferentes idades e que foram reunidos em 2 grupos. O GRUPO I composto de 133 eqüinos assintomáticos e desprovidos de lesões cutâneas, dos quais, após exame dermatológico, interposiçãoda Luz de Wood (48 eqüinos), colheram-se, pela técnica do carpete, material que foi semeado em meios de ágar Sabouraud Dextrose, Mycobiotic ágar, Tricophyton ágar 3, Tricophyton ágar 5 e incubados a 25° e 37°C durante 30 dias. Isolaram-se: Penicillium sp (80,4%), fíhizopus sp (62,4%), Aspergillus sp (41,3%), Fusarium sp (40,6%), Cladosporium sp (33,1%), Trichoderma sp (21,0%), Mucorsp (18,0%), Epicoccum sp (12,0%), Mycelia sterillia (8,8%), Rhodotorula sp (7,5%), Neurospora sp (4,5%), Alternaria sp (3,7%), Aureobasidium sp (3,7%), Geotrichum sp (3,0%), Paecilomyces sp (2,2%), Monascus sp (2,2%), Cephalosporium sp (1,5%), Nigrospora sp (0,7%), Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (0,7%), Trichosporon sp (0,7%). O GRUPO II foi composto por 42 eqüinos portadores de lesões sugestivas de dermatofitose que, após terem sido submetidos a exame dermatológico, expostos à luz de Wood (22 eqüinos), tiveram pelame e crostas submetidos a cultivo micológico, isolando-se em 6 (14,3%) cepas de Dermatophylus congolensis eem 3 (7,1%) eqüinos houve o crescimento de dermatófitos da espécie Microsporum canis. Dos 70 eqüinos expostos à radiação ultravioleta observou-se falsa fluorescência em 2 animais.

scholarly journals Presence and importance of saprophyte fungal organisms on dog skin

2007 ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Stojanov ◽  
Sandra Jaksic ◽  
Jasna Prodanov
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Mycosis ◽  
Skin Changes ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
One Year

Dogs are animals that are most often kept as pets in the cities. Their health problem may be the cause of infections of humans and animals. Skin changes and etiology factors present important segment of the diseases that disturb health of the pets. The objective of this work was mycology examination of scarifications and skin swabs from dogs with clinical symptoms. The aim was to find out which fungi species can be isolated from the changed parts of the skin, and whether is possible that, besides dermatophyte, saprophyte fungi from the environment may also be the cause of the changes, and to reveal their effect on the host. During a one year period, 67 swabs and scarifications from dogs were examined to detect the presence of fungi. The samples were streaked on Sabourdaud's dextrose agar and incubated for 10-21 days at 25?C. In microscopis examination according to their shape, and color, the colonies were identified as conidia, macroconidia and conidiaophora. From 59, of total 67 samples, the following saprophyte fungi were isolated: Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Alternaria sp., Mucor sp. and Fusarium sp. Occurrence of these fungi means that a considerable increase of this microbiological flora may be expected in homes of the owners. This may be the cause of systemic mycosis and allergies in animals and humans, as well as a possibility of contaminated food and incidence of mycotoxicosis.

scholarly journals First Report of Black Stem of Avicennia marina Caused by Fusarium equiseti in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.-H. Lu ◽  
Q.-Z. Huang ◽  
H. He ◽  
K.-W. Li ◽  
Y.-B. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
First Report ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Β Tubulin

Avicennia marina is a pioneer species of mangroves, a woody plant community that periodically emerges in the intertidal zone of estuarine regions in tropical and subtropical regions. In February 2013, a new disease that caused the stems of A. marina to blacken and die was found in Techeng Island of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China. Initial symptoms of the disease were water-soaked brown spots on the biennial stems that coalesced so whole stems browned, twigs and branches withered, leaves defoliated, and finally trees died. This disease has the potential to threaten the ecology of the local A. marina community. From February to May 2013, 11 symptomatic trees were collected in three locations on the island and the pathogen was isolated as followed: tissues were surface disinfected with 75% ethanol solution (v/v) for 20 s, soaked in 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 45 s, rinsed with sterilized water three times, dried, placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated for 3 to 5 days at 28°C without light. Five isolates (KW1 to KW5) with different morphological characteristics were obtained, and pathogenic tests were done according Koch's postulates. Fresh wounds were made with a sterile needle on healthy biennial stems of A. marina, and mycelial plugs of each isolate were applied and covered with a piece of wet cotton to maintain moisture. All treated plants were incubated at room temperature. Similar symptoms of black stem were observed only on the stems inoculated the isolate KW5 after 35 days, while the control and all stems inoculated with the other isolates remained symptomless. An isolate similar to KW5 was re-isolated from the affected materials. The pathogenic test was repeated three times with the same conditions and it was confirmed that KW5 was the pathogen causing the black stem of A. marina. Hyphal tips of KW5 were transferred to PDA medium in petri dishes for morphological observation. After 48 to 72 h, white, orange, or brown flocculence patches of KW5 mycelium, 5.0 to 6.0 cm in diameter, grew. Tapering and spindle falciform macroconidia (11 to 17.3 μm long × 1.5 to 2.5 μm wide) with an obviously swelled central cell and narrow strips of apical cells and distinctive foot cells were visible under the optical microscope. The conidiogenous cells were intertwined with mycelia and the chlamydospores were globose and formed in clusters. These morphological characteristics of the isolate KW5 are characteristic of Fusarium equiseti (1). For molecular identification, the ITS of ribosomal DNA, β-tubulin, and EF-1α genes were amplified using the ITS4/ITS5 (5), T1/T2 (2), and EF1/EF2 (3) primer pairs. These sequences were deposited in GenBank (KF515650 for the ITS region; KF747330 for β-tubulin region, and KF747331 for EF-1α region) and showed 98 to 99% identity to F. equiseti strains (HQ332532 for ITS region, JX241676 for β-tubulin gene, and GQ505666 for EF-1α region). According to both morphological and sequences analysis, the pathogen of the black stem of A. marina was identified as F. equiseti. Similar symptoms on absorbing rootlets and trunks of A. marina had been reported in central coastal Queensland, but the pathogen was identified as Phytophthora sp. (4). Therefore, the disease reported in this paper differs from that reported in central coastal Queensland. To our knowledge, this is the first report of black stems of A. marina caused by F. equiseti in China. References: (1) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual, 1st ed. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, NJ, 2006. (2) K. O'Donnell and E. Cigelnik. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 7:103, 1997. (3) K. O'Donnell et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95:2044, 1998. (4) K. G. Pegg. Aust et al. Plant Pathol. 3:6, 1980. (5) A. W. Zhang et al. Plant Dis. 81:1143, 1997.

scholarly journals Detecção de Fungos em Sementes de Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Spolaor Fantinel ◽  
Luciana Magda de Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Trezzi Casa ◽  
Priscilla Félix Schneider ◽  
Emerson Couto da Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Acca Sellowiana

RESUMO Acca sellowiana é uma espécie frutífera nativa da Região Sul do Brasil que está despertando grande interesse econômico devido ao alto potencial organoléptico de seus frutos. A principal forma de propagação da espécie é via sexuada. Objetivando determinar a qualidade sanitária das sementes, foram comparadas três formas de detecção de fungos, com ou sem a assepsia superficial, em sementes oriundas de quatro municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e de três municípios do Estado de Santa Catarina. Foram testados os meios de cultura Batata-Dextrose-Ágar (BDA), V8 (suco de tomate) e o método Blotter Test. Foram identificados os seguintes fungos: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., Alternaria sp., Trichoderma sp., Epicoccum sp. e Phomopsis sp. Os meios agarizados são mais sensíveis na detecção de fungos em sementes de goiaba serrana. A assepsia das sementes reduz a incidência de fungos infestantes.

Isolation and Identification of the Main Pathogenic Fungi from Postharvest Hami Melon in Later Period of Storage

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 1212-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun Kun Chen ◽  
Wen Sheng Wang ◽  
Jia Ning ◽  
Yuan Hui Gao
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Koch’S Postulates ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Koch's Postulates

In order to investigate the reasons for the occurrence of melon disease, according to Koch’s postulates, the pathogenic fungi which caused the disease of postharvest melon“86-1”has been isolated and three kinds of bacterial strain has been identified. By identifying the pathogenicity, results revealed that they are Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp.. They are the major pathogenic fungi which caused the decay of the postharvest Hami melon.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium equiseti Associated on Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) Seeds in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lazarotto ◽  
M. F. B. Muniz ◽  
R. F. dos Santos ◽  
E. Blume ◽  
R. Harakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] is an important producing nut tree that has been intensively cultivated in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) in recent decades. This species is commonly grown in association with other crops and more often with cattle or sheep. An elevated incidence of the fungal genus Fusarium was observed during a quality control seed assay of pecan seeds obtained from orchards in the city of Anta Gorda (28°53′54.7″ S, 52°01′59.9″ W). Concomitantly, seedlings of this species, cultivated in a nursery, showed foliar necrosis, wilt, and root rot. The fungus was thereafter isolated from the seeds (from original seeds lots) and subcultured from single spores. Cultures were purified in order to perform pathogenicity tests. The isolated Fusarium sp. was increased on autoclaved wet corn kernels that were incubated for 14 days (1), and then were mixed with commercial substrate (sphagnum turf, expanded vermiculite, dolomitic limestone, gypsum, and NPK fertilizer) in plastic trays (capacity 7 L), with drainage holes. Twenty seeds were sowed and 90 days later, evaluations were undertaken. Forty percent of the seedlings presented symptoms, i.e., foliar necrosis and wilt owing to root rot. Fusarium sp. was re-isolated from the affected roots by transferring hyphal tips to potato dextrose agar (PDA) and carnation leaf agar (CLA) medium in petri dishes in order to identify the species morphologically. On PDA, the colony pigmentation was yellowish brown and the aerial mycelium was whitish to peach; macroconidia were relatively long and narrow (31.75 × 4.02 μm), with 5 septa on average, and whip-like bent apical cells (2). Chlamydospores were not observed on PDA or CLA. Primer pairs ITS1 and ITS4 (3) and EF1-T and EF1-1567R (4) were employed to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor-1α (TEF 1-α) regions, respectively. The resulting DNA sequences showed 99% for ITS and 98% for TEF 1-α similarity with Fusarium equiseti (Corda) Sacc. and phylogenetic analysis grouped it with sequences of this species. The consensus sequence was submitted to GenBank and received the accession numbers KC810063 (ITS) and KF601580 (TEF 1-α). The pathogen was re-isolated on PDA and CLA substrate in order to complete Koch's postulates. The pathogenicity test was repeated with the same conditions described before and the results were confirmed. No symptoms were observed on the control seedlings. This species is considered a weak parasite (2); however, it has been reported causing wilt in Coffea arabica in Brazil (5). This pathogen could cause serious damage and high losses to seedling in commercial nurseries. Besides that, it could also carry the disease to the field causing further damage on established plants. To our knowledge, this is the first to report of F. equiseti causing foliar necrosis and wilt on C. illinoinensis in Brazil. References: (1) L. H. Klingelfuss et al. Fitopatol. Brasil. 32:1, 2007. (2) W. Gerlach and H. Nirenberg. The Genus Fusarium – a Pictorial Atlas. Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Braunschweig, Germany, 1982. (3) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990. (4) S. A. Rehner and E. A. Buckley. Mycologia 97:84, 2005. (5) L. H. Pfenning and M. F. Martins. Page 283 in: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil, 2000.

scholarly journals PATOGENICIDADE E TRANSMISSÃO DE FUNGOS ASSOCIADOS ÀS SEMENTES DE Tectona grandis L.f.

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 970
Author(s):  
Nathana Izabela Silva Sales ◽  
Evelynne Urzêdo Leão ◽  
Marcos Giongo ◽  
Gil Rodrigues dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp

A produção de mudas de teca é realizada principalmente por sementes, que é um importante veículo de transmissão de diversos patógenos. Objetivou-se com este trabalho identificar e quantificar os fungos associados às sementes de teca, a patogenicidade desses microrganismos às mudas e a transmissibilidade semente-plântula. Para o teste de sanidade foram utilizadas sementes coletadas em Tocantins e outras adquiridas nos estados do Goiás (GO) e São Paulo (SP). Os tratamentos utilizados foram sementes desinfestadas e não desinfestadas, e sementes com e sem mesocarpo. O ensaio foi conduzido utilizando o método do papel de filtro (Blotter test). Para o teste de patogenicidade em mudas, foram utilizados os isolados de Fusarium sp., Botryodiplodia sp., Alternaria sp. e Plenodomus sp. Para a avaliação da transmissão de fungos via semente-plântula foram utilizadas sementes de cada local. Foram identificados os seguintes gêneros de fungos nas sementes: Fusarium, Trichoderma, Botryodiplodia, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Alternaria e Plenodomus. Foi observada maior ocorrência de fungos nas sementes provenientes dos estados de GO e SP. Fusarium foi o gênero fúngico com maior incidência nas sementes dos três estados. Apenas os gêneros Fusarium e Botryodiplodia foram patogênicos às mudas de teca. Houve baixa transmissibilidade semente-plântula, sendo que apenas o gênero fitopatogênico Fusarium foi transmitido.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF FUNGICIDE TREATMENTS APPLIED TO WHEAT CROP (Triticum aestivum L.) ON SEED PATHOGENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Alexandra Loredana Suciu ◽  
Cătălin Perneș ◽  
Camelia Giurgiu ◽  
Ana-Maria Păcurar ◽  
Laura Șopterean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Health State ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Effectiveness of fungicide treatments during vegetation is recognized as important conditioning factor for the health of wheat crops. Furthermore, quantity and quality of the harvested grain are fundamentally affected by the health state of the crop during vegetation. Aim of this research was to identify the influence exercised by a gradient of fungicide treatments applied to wheat crop on seed mycosis susceptibility after harvest. Seeds belonging to three wheat cultivars (‘Andrada’, ‘Codru’, ‘Exotic’) that received a number of 0-3 fungicide treatments with some commonly used commercial products during vegetation (Credo, Evolus, Acanto Plus), were screened for germination rate, Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. incidence. Overall seed germination frequency was 96%, Alternaria sp. frequency was 8.78% and Fusarium sp. frequency was 2.25%. Seeds from the crop that received three fungicide treatments during vegetation displayed 5.38% higher seed germination relative to control, decrease of Alternaria sp. frequency of 60.94% and decrease of Fusarium sp. frequency of 57.10% relative to control. Results suggest a decrease of seed mycotic load associated with increased number of fungicide treatments applied on the crop. Optimization of fungicide application might be possible by studying the influence of phenophase on the effectiveness of the treatments, and these aspects shall receive more attention in the future.

scholarly journals Botrytis squamosa - the causal agent of onion leaf blight in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brankica Tanovic ◽  
Milan Koscica ◽  
Jovana Hrustic ◽  
Milica Mihajlovic ◽  
Vojislav Trkulja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Botrytis Squamosa ◽  
The Past ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Necrotic Spots ◽  
Temperature And Growth

Over the past several decades, necrotic spots, lesions and blight symptoms have been observed on onion leaves in several locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the crop is grown intensively. The type of symptoms indicated a possible infection with Botrytis squamosa, a widespread pathogen of onion. As symptoms of leaf spots and necrotic lesions can also be caused by some other biotic and abiotic factors, our research focused on identifying the causal agent of the observed symptoms. The pathogen was isolated from diseased tissue using standard phytopathological procedure and identified based on pathogenic and morphological features. Identification was confirmed by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The influence of temperature and growth medium on mycelial growth rate of the isolates was also studied.

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