scholarly journals Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma spp. against Phytopathogenic Bacteria and Root-Knot Nematode

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Asad Ali Khan ◽  
Saba Najeeb ◽  
Zhenchuan Mao ◽  
Jian Ling ◽  
Yuhong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites

Losses in crops caused by plant pathogenic bacteria and parasitic nematode are increasing because of a decrease in efficacy of traditional management measures. There is an urgent need to develop nonchemical and ecofriendly based management to control plant diseases. A potential approach of controlling plant disease in the crops is the use of biocontrol agents and their secondary metabolites (SMs). Luckily fungi and especially the genus Trichoderma comprise a great number of fungal strains that are the potential producer of bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study secondary metabolites from ten Trichoderma spp. were evaluated for their antibacterial and nematicidal potential against phytopathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas compestris and plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Five different growth media were evaluated for the production of SMs. It was shown that SMs of different Trichoderma spp. obtained on different growth media were different in the degree of their bioactivity. Comparison of five growth media showed that SMs produced on solid wheat and STP media gave higher antibacterial activity. SMs of T. pseudoharzianum (T113) obtained on solid wheat media were more effective against the studied bacteria followed by SMs from T. asperelloides (T136), T. pseudoharzianum (T129) and T. pseudoharzianum (T160). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was further conducted to observe the effect of SMs on bacterial cell morphology. As evident from the SEM, SMs produced severe morphological changes, such as rupturing of the bacterial cell walls, disintegration of cell membrane and cell content leaking out. SMs from T. viridae obtained on liquid STP and solid wheat media showed the highest percent of M. incognita juveniles (J2s) mortality and inhibition in egg hatching of M. incognita. The results of our study suggest that T. pseudoharzianum (T113) and T. viridae could be selected as an effective candidate for SMs source against phytopathogenic bacteria and M. incognita respectively.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of two species of Lamiaceae against phytopathogenic bacteria

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARZU GORMEZ ◽  
SEDAT BOZARI ◽  
DERYA YANMIS ◽  
MEDİNE GULLUCE ◽  
FİKRETTİN SAHIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

In this study, we aimed to determine chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Satureja hortensis and Calamintha nepeta against to 20 phytopathogenic bacteria causing serious crop loss. The essential oils of S. hortensis and C. nepeta were isolated by the hydrodistillation method and the chemical composition of the essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS. The antibacterial properties of the essential oils were evaluated against 20 phytopathogenic bacteria through Disc diffusion assay and micro dilution assay. The results revealed that the essential oils of S. hortensis and C. nepeta have significant antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the findings of the study are valuable for future investigations focusing on the alternative natural compounds to control plant diseases.

scholarly journals Potential of Trichoderma spp. Secondary Metabolite in Controlling Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD) on Cacao Seedlings

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Harni ◽  
Widi Amaria ◽  
Syafaruddin Syafaruddin ◽  
Anis Herliyati Mahsunah
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dieback Disease ◽  
Number Of Leaves

<p class="Default">Trichoderma<em> spp. is a beneficial microbe that produces bioactive molecules (secondary metabolites) containing antibiotics, enzymes, hormones, as well as toxins, which play an important role in plant diseases biocontrol. The research aimed to determine the potential of secondary metabolite </em>Trichoderma<em> spp. to control vascular streak dieback disease in cacao seedlings. The research was conducted in Plant Protection Laboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI) and farmers' garden in Balubus village, Lima Puluh Kota, West Sumatera, from April to August 2016. The research used a complete randomized design of 7 treatments using 5 replications, each treatment with 5 plants. The treatment was a secondary metabolite of </em>T. virens<em> LP1, </em>T. hamatum<em> LP2, </em>T. amazonicum<em> LP3, </em>T. atroviride<em> JB2, and </em>T. viride<em> PRD, control (no secondary metabolite), and chemical fungicide as comparison. The 3 months old cacao seedlings were treated with secondary metabolite of </em>Trichoderma<em> spp. by spraying the metabolite suspension throughout the leaf surface. The secondary metabolite applied once a week for 6 times. </em>C. theobromae <em>inoculation was conducted naturally by placing cacao seedlings under a cacao tree infected with VSD. Observations were incubation period, VSD intensity, and growth of cacao seedlings. The results showed that secondary metabolites potentially utilized for controlling VSD in cacao seedlings. The most potential secondary metabolites are </em>T. amazonicum<em> LP3 and </em>T. virens<em> LP1 with respective disease suppression up to 81.8% and 63.2% or higher than and equivalent chemical fungicide (63.6%), and can increase plants height, number of leaves, and girth diameter.</em></p>

The use of Trichoderma spp. to control plant diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 401-428
Author(s):  
Enrique Monte ◽  
◽  
Rosa Hermosa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Trichoderma is one of the most studied genera of ascomycetous fungi due to the beneficial effects it has on plants. Trichoderma spp. are involved in the production of cell wall-degrading enzymes and metabolites with antimicrobial activity. It also produces volatile compounds that act together as direct biocontrol agents to protect plants against phytopathogenic fungi, oomycetes, nematodes and bacteria. Trichoderma spp. can also compete in the rhizosphere for space and nutrients while it can also protect plants by activating systemic immune responses that result in a faster and stronger induction of plant basal resistance mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses. The possibility that Trichoderma can also promote plant growth opens new opportunities to register strains as biostimulants. Adequate registration procedures are urgently needed as there is no appropriate legal framework for registering Trichoderma as both plant protection products and as biofertilizers.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF BIOACTIVE SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiv Kr Verma ◽  
Moti Lal ◽  
Mira Debnath Das
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumonia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites

Objective: In this research for bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytic fungal isolate CPR5, which was later identified and characterized as Aspergillus niger sp.Methods: Eight bioactive compounds (1-8) were isolated and purified using a series of chromatographic techniques and identified by applying 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and mass (ESI-MS spectrometry).Results: All the compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against a wide range of human and plant pathogenic bacteria as well as fungi. These microorganisms were, Xanthomonas oryzae, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus hyicus, Bacillus sphaericus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotinia, scleratiourum, and Phoma exigua minimum inhibitory concentration value have also been determine for these microorganism.Conclusion: In this study, a total 10 endophytic fungi were isolated from the Calotropis procera, show a great antibacterial activity against 24 human pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals In vitro antibacterial activity of Magnolia tamaulipana against tomato phytopathogenic bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 268-274
Author(s):  
Julio Chacón-Hernández ◽  
Roberto Arredondo-Valdés ◽  
Francisco Reyes-Zepeda ◽  
Francisco D. Hernández-Castillo ◽  
Julia C. Anguiano-Cabello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacteria ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Linnaeus) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. Still, there are phytopathogenic bacteria that cause a decrease in the yield or can kill the plant, like Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Xv), Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs ) and Agrobacterium tumefeciens (At). Synthetic chemical fungicides are primarily used to control plant pathogenic bacteria, but their rapid growth makes them resistant to control. This research work is aimed at assessing the in vitro antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Magnolia tamaulipana Vazquez leaves against Rs, Pst, Xv, Cmm, and At, as well as obtaining information about this plant species' chemical composition. The extract inhibited the growth of the five phytopathogenic bacteria that were tested. The growth inhibition rate ranged between 8.22 and 100%. The inhibitory concentration, IC<sub>50(90)</sub>, required to inhibit 50 (90%) of Pst, Xv, Cmm, and At bacterial growth, was 34.71 (39.62), 23.09 (441.88), 64.75 (176.73) and 97.72 (535.48) ppm, respectively. The phytochemical analysis detected the presence of phenols, tannins, terpenes, saponins. M. tamaulipana ethanolic extract has antimicrobial properties and it must be considered a new control agent.

scholarly journals Antibiotics- A Miracle Drug as Crop Protectants: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Valarmathi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Resistant Strains

Antibiotics known as the drugs of wonder seem to have long run since olden times as significant in its application towards agriculture. Antibiotics have its application to control bacterial, fungal, viral and phytoplasmal diseases of high valued tree crops and plants of ornamental in nature. The laws of drug in various countries differ distress over use of antibiotics as crop protectants. The main concern related to use of antibiotics is appropriate and hence more information is needed over the effectiveness and safety use of antibiotics in controlling plant diseases. Development of antibiotic resistance in plant-pathogenic bacteria alarmed problem in the agro pathosystems where it have been used for many years in disease control programs. The efficacy of antibiotics to control plant diseases has been diminished due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains for the particular pathogens. Inspite of negative aspect, the antibiotics seems to continue important tools for the management of the important devastating plant diseases.

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Geosmithia langdonii

Planta Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Malak ◽  
DW Bishay ◽  
AM Abdel-baky ◽  
AM Moharram ◽  
SJ Cutler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites

Screening bioactive secondary metabolites from Costa Rican enviromental microbial communities

Planta Medica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Araya ◽  
M Chavarría ◽  
A Pinto-Tomás ◽  
C Murillo ◽  
L Uribe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites
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