scholarly journals Degradation Potential of the Nonylphenol Monooxygenase of Sphingomonas sp. NP5 for Bisphenols and Their Structural Analogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Takeo ◽  
Junichi Akizuki ◽  
Aika Kawasaki ◽  
Seiji Negoro
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Bisphenol F ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Monooxygenase Gene ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

The nonylphenol-degrading bacterium Sphingomonas sp. strain NP5 has a very unique monooxygenase that can attack a wide range of 4-alkylphenols with a branched side chain. Due to the structural similarity, it can also attack bisphenolic compounds, which are very important materials for the synthesis of plastics and resins, but many of them are known to or suspected to have endocrine disrupting effects to fish and animals. In this study, to clarify the substrate specificity of the enzyme (NmoA) for bisphenolic compounds, degradation tests using the cell suspension of Pseudomonas putida harboring the nonylphenol monooxygenase gene (nmoA) were conducted. The cell suspension degraded several bisphenols including bisphenol F, bisphenol S, 4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylether, and 4,4′-thiodiphenol, indicating that this monooxygenase has a broad substrate specificity for compounds with a bisphenolic structure.

scholarly journals Membrane-bound dd-carboxypeptidases from Bacillus megaterium KM. General properties, substrate specificity and sensitivity to penicillins, cephalosporins and peptide inhibitors of the activity at pH5

1974 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Diaz-Mauriño ◽  
Manuel Nieto ◽  
Harold R. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Peptide Inhibitors ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Natural Substrate ◽  
Bivalent Cation ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Membrane Bound

1. The membrane from Bacillus megaterium KM contained a dd-carboxypeptidase with optimum activity under the following conditions: pH5.2, bivalent cation, 3mm; ionic strength, 40mm; temperature, 35°C. It was inactivated by treatment with p-chloromercuribenzoate but was fairly insensitive to 2-mercaptoethanol. 2. The enzyme was inhibited by penicillins and cephalosporins. The inhibition of this enzyme was partially reversed on dialysis but 0.2m-2-mercaptoethanol could neither prevent nor reverse the inhibition. 3. The enzyme was extremely sensitive to changes in the configuration and size of the side chain of the C-terminal dipeptide of the substrate. An aliphatic side chain of a well-defined length and polarity was required in the residue that precedes the C-terminal dipeptide. 4. The enzyme was inhibited by a wide range of analogues of the peptidic portion of the natural substrate.

Sustainable biodegradation of phenolic endocrine-disrupting chemicals by Phragmites australis–rhizosphere bacteria association

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Toyama ◽  
T. Ojima ◽  
Y. Tanaka ◽  
K. Mori ◽  
M. Morikawa
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Bisphenol F ◽  
Phenolic Ring ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Sustainable Treatment

The efficacy of two rhizobacteria (Sphingobium fuliginis TIK1 and Sphingobium sp. IT4) of Phragmites australis for the sustainable treatment of water polluted with phenolic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) was investigated. Strains TIK1 and IT4 have recently been isolated from Phragmites rhizosphere and shown to degrade various 4-alkylphenols–TIK1 via phenolic ring hydroxylation and meta-cleavage and IT4 via ipso-hydroxylation. The two strains also degraded bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol B, bisphenol E, bisphenol F, bisphenol P and bisphenol S (BPS). Thus, strains TIK1 and IT4 have wide degradation spectra for phenolic EDCs. The two strains utilized Phragmites root extracts as a sole carbon source and sustainably colonized Phragmites roots, where they degraded phenolic EDCs. In sequencing batch reactor experiments using Phragmites in association with TIK1 or IT4, both associations repeatedly removed phenolic EDCs from polluted secondary effluent water (BPA, BPS, 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol) from polluted secondary effluent water. The results suggest that hydroponic systems using Phragmites–TIK and Phragmites–IT4 associations would be useful for sustainable treatment of polluted waters containing various phenolic EDCs.

scholarly journals Complete Genome of Isoprene Degrading Nocardioides sp. WS12

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Gibson ◽  
Nasmille L. Larke-Mejía ◽  
J. Colin Murrell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Monooxygenase Gene ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Emissions ◽  
Rubber Degradation

Isoprene is a climate-active gas whose wide-spread global production stems mostly from terrestrial plant emissions. The biodegradation of isoprene is carried out by a number of different bacteria from a wide range of environments. This study investigates the genome of a novel isoprene degrading bacterium Nocardioides sp. WS12, isolated from soil associated with Salix alba (Willow), a tree known to produce high amounts of isoprene. The Nocardioides sp. WS12 genome was fully sequenced, revealing the presence of a complete isoprene monooxygenase gene cluster, along with associated isoprene degradation pathway genes. Genes associated with rubber degradation were also present, suggesting that Nocardioides sp. WS12 may also have the capacity to degrade poly-cis-1,4-isoprene.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effects of Bisphenols F and S with Respect to Bisphenol A on Primordial Germ Cell Migration in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos Using Immunofluorescence Microscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Siti Safura ◽  
George Roba ◽  
Edward Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Bisphenol F ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Primordial Germ Cell (PGC) migration occurs in early embryonic development and is highly conserved across taxa. PGC migration occurs within the first 24 hours post fertilization (hpf) in zebrafish, making the organism an efficient model for observing the migration pathway. Proper PGC migration is necessary for normal gonad development and, in some species, sex determination. Disruption of this process leads to defects in gonad formation and abnormal sex determination and differentiation. Studies show that endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) disrupt PGC migration in zebrafish. BPA is an estrogenic compound that has been linked to a variety of human diseases, including various cancers, diabetes, reproductive disorders, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. It is one of the most widely used synthetic compounds worldwide, as it used to make polycarbonate plastics. Many studies provide evidence of the harmful effects of BPA on living organisms. In response, manufacturers have started to use replacements such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). However, due to their structural similarity, it is likely that BPF and BPS are just as harmful to organisms as BPA. In this study, we use antibody staining and immunofluorescence microscopy to confirm that BPA exposure results in abnormal PGC migration in zebrafish embryos, as previously studied, and to illustrate that BPF and BPS exposure results in similar PGC migration defects. KEYWORDS: Zebrafish; Zebrafish Embryos; Primordial Germ Cells; PGC Migration; Gonad Development; Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals; Bisphenol A; Bisphenol S; Bisphenol F; Sex Determination

Nanofiltration of endocrine disrupting compounds

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gallenkemper ◽  
T. Wintgens ◽  
T. Melin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Set Up

Endocrine disrupting compounds can affect the hormone system in organisms. A wide range of endocrine disrupters were found in sewage and effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants. Toxicological evaluations indicate that conventional wastewater treatment plants are not able to remove these substances sufficiently before disposing effluent into the environment. Membrane technology, which is proving to be an effective barrier to these substances, is the subject of this research. Nanofiltration provides high quality permeates in water and wastewater treatment. Eleven different nanofiltration membranes were tested in the laboratory set-up. The observed retention for nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) ranged between 70% and 100%. The contact angle is an indicator for the hydrophobicity of a membrane, whose influence on the permeability and retention of NP was evident. The retention of BPA was found to be inversely proportional to the membrane permeability.

scholarly journals Polymer cyclization for the emergence of hierarchical nanostructures

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaojian Chen ◽  
Manjesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Katrin Wunderlich ◽  
Sean Harvey ◽  
Colette J. Whitfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Nanomaterial Synthesis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Linear Poly ◽  
Polymer Folding ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

AbstractThe creation of synthetic polymer nanoobjects with well-defined hierarchical structures is important for a wide range of applications such as nanomaterial synthesis, catalysis, and therapeutics. Inspired by the programmability and precise three-dimensional architectures of biomolecules, here we demonstrate the strategy of fabricating controlled hierarchical structures through self-assembly of folded synthetic polymers. Linear poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) of different lengths are folded into cyclic polymers and their self-assembly into hierarchical structures is elucidated by various experimental techniques and molecular dynamics simulations. Based on their structural similarity, macrocyclic brush polymers with amphiphilic block side chains are synthesized, which can self-assemble into wormlike and higher-ordered structures. Our work points out the vital role of polymer folding in macromolecular self-assembly and establishes a versatile approach for constructing biomimetic hierarchical assemblies.

scholarly journals Bisphenol S and bisphenol F are less disruptive to cardiac electrophysiology and potentially safer for use in medical products, as compared to bisphenol A

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Prudencio ◽  
Luther Swift ◽  
Devon Guerrelli ◽  
Blake Cooper ◽  
Marissa Reilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Cardiac Electrophysiology ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Bisphenol F ◽  
Bisphenol Analogues ◽  
Whole Heart

ABSTRACTBackgroundBisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production volume chemical that is commonly used to manufacture consumer and medical-grade plastic products. Due to its ubiquity, the general population can incur daily environmental exposure to BPA, while heightened BPA exposure has been reported in intensive care patients and industrial workers. Due to health concerns, structural analogues are being explored as replacements for BPA.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the direct nongenomic effects of BPA on cardiac electrophysiology and compare its safety profile to recently developed alternatives, including BPS (bisphenol S) and BPF (bisphenol F).MethodsWhole-cell voltage-clamp recordings were performed on cell lines transfected with Nav1.5, hERG, or Cav1.2. Results of single channel experiments were validated by conducting electrophysiology studies on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) and intact, whole heart preparations.ResultsOf the chemicals tested, BPA was the most potent inhibitor of both fast (INa-P) and late (INa-L) sodium channel (IC50 = 55.3 and 23.6 μM, respectively), L-type calcium channel (IC50 = 30.8 μM) and hERG channel current (IC50 = 127 μM). The inhibitory effects of BPA and BPF on L-type calcium channels were supported by microelectrode array recordings, which revealed shortening of the extracellular field potential (akin to QT interval). Further, BPA and BPF exposure impaired atrioventricular conduction in intact, whole heart experiments. BPS did not alter any of the cardiac electrophysiology parameters tested.DiscussionResults of this study demonstrate that BPA and BPF exert an immediate inhibitory effect on cardiac ion channels, and that BPS may be a safer alternative. Intracellular signaling or genomic effects of bisphenol analogues were not investigated; therefore, additional mechanistic studies are necessary to fully elucidate the safety profile of bisphenol analogues on the heart.

scholarly journals Probing the promiscuity of ent-kaurene oxidases via combinatorial biosynthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 2526-2531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibongile Mafu ◽  
Meirong Jia ◽  
Jiachen Zi ◽  
Dana Morrone ◽  
Yisheng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Combinatorial Biosynthesis ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Engineering System ◽  
Insight Into

The substrate specificity of enzymes from natural products’ metabolism is a topic of considerable interest, with potential biotechnological use implicit in the discovery of promiscuous enzymes. However, such studies are often limited by the availability of substrates and authentic standards for identification of the resulting products. Here, a modular metabolic engineering system is used in a combinatorial biosynthetic approach toward alleviating this restriction. In particular, for studies of the multiply reactive cytochrome P450, ent-kaurene oxidase (KO), which is involved in production of the diterpenoid plant hormone gibberellin. Many, but not all, plants make a variety of related diterpenes, whose structural similarity to ent-kaurene makes them potential substrates for KO. Use of combinatorial biosynthesis enabled analysis of more than 20 such potential substrates, as well as structural characterization of 12 resulting unknown products, providing some insight into the underlying structure–function relationships. These results highlight the utility of this approach for investigating the substrate specificity of enzymes from complex natural products’ biosynthesis.

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