scholarly journals Influence of Sampling Site and other Environmental Factors on the Bacterial Community Composition of Domestic Washing Machines

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Jacksch ◽  
Dominik Kaiser ◽  
Severin Weis ◽  
Mirko Weide ◽  
Stefan Ratering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Washing Machines ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Pyrosequencing ◽  
Machine Parts

Modern, mainly sustainability-driven trends, such as low-temperature washing or bleach-free liquid detergents, facilitate microbial survival of the laundry processes. Favourable growth conditions like humidity, warmth and sufficient nutrients also contribute to microbial colonization of washing machines. Such colonization might lead to negatively perceived staining, corrosion of washing machine parts and surfaces, as well as machine and laundry malodour. In this study, we characterized the bacterial community of 13 domestic washing machines at four different sampling sites (detergent drawer, door seal, sump and fibres collected from the washing solution) using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and statistically analysed associations with environmental and user-dependent factors. Across 50 investigated samples, the bacterial community turned out to be significantly site-dependent with the highest alpha diversity found inside the detergent drawer, followed by sump, textile fibres isolated from the washing solution, and door seal. Surprisingly, out of all other investigated factors only the monthly number of wash cycles at temperatures ≥ 60 °C showed a significant influence on the community structure. A higher number of hot wash cycles per month increased microbial diversity, especially inside the detergent drawer. Potential reasons and the hygienic relevance of this finding need to be assessed in future studies.

scholarly journals 16S rRNA gene amplicon-based metagenomic analysis of bacterial communities in the rhizospheres of selected mangrove species from Mida Creek and Gazi Bay, Kenya

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248485
Author(s):  
Edith M. Muwawa ◽  
Chinedu C. Obieze ◽  
Huxley M. Makonde ◽  
Joyce M. Jefwa ◽  
James H. P. Kahindi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Gazi Bay

Prokaryotic communities play key roles in biogeochemical transformation and cycling of nutrients in the productive mangrove ecosystem. In this study, the vertical distribution of rhizosphere bacteria was evaluated by profiling the bacterial diversity and community structure in the rhizospheres of four mangrove species (Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Ceriops tagal and Avicennia marina) from Mida Creek and Gazi Bay, Kenya, using DNA-metabarcoding. Alpha diversity was not significantly different between sites, but, significantly higher in the rhizospheres of S. alba and R. mucronata in Gazi Bay than in Mida Creek. Chemical parameters of the mangrove sediments significantly correlated inversely with alpha diversity metrics. The bacterial community structure was significantly differentiated by geographical location, mangrove species and sampling depth, however, differences in mangrove species and sediment chemical parameters explained more the variation in bacterial community structure. Proteobacteria (mainly Deltaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria) was the dominant phylum while the families Desulfobacteraceae, Pirellulaceae and Syntrophobacteraceae were dominant in both study sites and across all mangrove species. Constrained redundancy analysis indicated that calcium, potassium, magnesium, electrical conductivity, pH, nitrogen, sodium, carbon and salinity contributed significantly to the species–environment relationship. Predicted functional profiling using PICRUSt2 revealed that pathways for sulfur and carbon metabolism were significantly enriched in Gazi Bay than Mida Creek. Overall, the results indicate that bacterial community composition and their potential function are influenced by mangrove species and a fluctuating influx of nutrients in the mangrove ecosystems of Gazi Bay and Mida Creek.

scholarly journals Vaginal bacterial community composition and concentrations of estradiol at the time of artificial insemination in Brangus heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riley D Messman ◽  
Zully E Contreras-Correa ◽  
Henry A Paz ◽  
George Perry ◽  
Caleb O Lemley
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Vaginal Tract

Abstract The knowledge surrounding the bovine vaginal microbiota and its implications on fertility and reproductive traits remains incomplete. The objective of the current study was to characterize the bovine vaginal bacterial community and estradiol concentrations at the time of artificial insemination (AI). Brangus heifers (n = 78) underwent a 7-d Co-Synch + controlled internal drug release estrus synchronization protocol. At AI, a double-guarded uterine culture swab was used to sample the anterior vaginal tract. Immediately after swabbing the vaginal tract, blood samples were collected by coccygeal venipuncture to determine concentrations of estradiol. Heifers were retrospectively classified as pregnant (n = 29) vs. nonpregnant (n = 49) between 41 and 57 d post-AI. Additionally, heifers were classified into low (1.1 to 2.5 pg/mL; n = 21), medium (2.6 to 6.7 pg/mL; n = 30), and high (7.2 to 17.6 pg/mL; n = 27) concentration of estradiol. The vaginal bacterial community composition was determined through sequencing of the V4 region from the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina Miseq platform. Alpha diversity was compared via ANOVA and beta diversity was compared via PERMANOVA. There were no differences in the Shannon diversity index (alpha diversity; P = 0.336) or Bray–Curtis dissimilarity (beta diversity; P = 0.744) of pregnant vs. nonpregnant heifers. Overall, bacterial community composition in heifers with high, medium, or low concentrations of estradiol did not differ (P = 0.512). While no overall compositional differences were observed, species-level differences were present within pregnancy status and estradiol concentration groups. The implications of these species-level differences are unknown, but these differences could alter the vaginal environment thereby influencing fertility and vaginal health. Therefore, species-level changes could provide better insight rather than overall microbial composition in relation to an animal’s reproductive health.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Bacterial Community Composition and Activity during a Mesocosm Diatom Bloom

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 578-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasse Riemann ◽  
Grieg F. Steward ◽  
Farooq Azam
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Community Dynamics ◽  
Diatom Blooms

ABSTRACT Bacterial community composition, enzymatic activities, and carbon dynamics were examined during diatom blooms in four 200-liter laboratory seawater mesocosms. The objective was to determine whether the dramatic shifts in growth rates and ectoenzyme activities, which are commonly observed during the course of phytoplankton blooms and their subsequent demise, could result from shifts in bacterial community composition. Nutrient enrichment of metazoan-free seawater resulted in diatom blooms dominated by a Thalassiosira sp., which peaked 9 days after enrichment (≈24 μg of chlorophylla liter−1). At this time bacterial abundance abruptly decreased from 2.8 × 106 to 0.75 × 106 ml−1, and an analysis of bacterial community composition, by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments, revealed the disappearance of three dominant phylotypes. Increased viral and flagellate abundances suggested that both lysis and grazing could have played a role in the observed phylotype-specific mortality. Subsequently, new phylotypes appeared and bacterial production, abundance, and enzyme activities shifted from being predominantly associated with the <1.0-μm size fraction towards the >1.0-μm size fraction, indicating a pronounced microbial colonization of particles. Sequencing of DGGE bands suggested that the observed rapid and extensive colonization of particulate matter was mainly by specialized α-Proteobacteria- andCytophagales-related phylotypes. These particle-associated bacteria had high growth rates as well as high cell-specific aminopeptidase, β-glucosidase, and lipase activities. Rate measurements as well as bacterial population dynamics were almost identical among the mesocosms indicating that the observed bacterial community dynamics were systematic and repeatable responses to the manipulated conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of intramuscular depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate initiation on vaginal microbiota in the postpartum period

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget M Whitney ◽  
Sujatha Srinivasan ◽  
Kenneth Tapia ◽  
Eric Munene Muriuki ◽  
Bhavna H Chohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Nugent Score ◽  
Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The vaginal microbiome plays a key role in women’s reproductive health. Use of exogenous hormones, such as intramuscular depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM), may alter the composition of vaginal bacterial community. Methods Vaginal swabs were collected from postpartum Kenyan women initiating DMPA-IM or non-hormonal contraception (non-HC). Bacterial vaginosis was assessed by Nugent score (Nugent-BV) and bacterial community composition was evaluated using broad-range 16S rRNA gene PCR with high-throughput sequencing. Changes in Nugent score, alpha diversity (Shannon diversity index), and total bacterial load between contraceptive groups from enrollment to three-months post-initiation were estimated using multivariable linear mixed effects regression. Results Among 54 HIV-negative women, 33 choosing DMPA-IM and 21 choosing non-HC, Nugent-BV was more common among DMPA-IM users at enrollment. At follow-up, Nugent score had decreased significantly among DMPA-IM users (Δ=-1.89 (95%CI:-3.53, -0.25; p=0.02) while alpha diversity remained stable (Δ=0.03, 95%CI:-0.24, 0.30; p=0.83). Conversely, Nugent score remained relatively stable among non-HC users (Δ=-0.73, 95%CI:-2.18, 0.73; p=0.33) while alpha diversity decreased (Δ=-0.34, 95%CI:-0.67, -0.001; p=0.05). Total bacterial load decreased slightly in DMPA-IM users and increased slightly among non-HC users, resulting in a significant difference in change between the contraceptive groups (difference=-0.64 log10 gene copies/swab, 95%CI:-1.19, -0.08; p=0.02). While significant changes in Nugent score and alpha diversity were observed within contraceptive groups, changes between groups were not significantly different. Conclusions Postpartum vaginal bacterial diversity did not change in DMPA-IM users despite a reduction in Nugent-BV, but decreased significantly among women using non-HC. Choice of contraception may influence Lactobacillus recovery in postpartum women.

scholarly journals Cyprus Sausages’ Bacterial Community Identification Through Metataxonomic Sequencing: Evaluation of the Impact of Different DNA Extraction Protocols on the Sausages’ Microbial Diversity Representation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Kamilari ◽  
Marina Efthymiou ◽  
Dimitrios A. Anagnostopoulos ◽  
Dimitrios Tsaltas
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
The Impact

Cyprus traditional sausages from the Troodos mountainous region of Pitsilia gained the protected geographical indication (PGI) designation from the European Committee (EU 2020/C 203/06). Still, we lack authentication protocols for the distinction of “Pitsilia” from industrially produced Cyprus sausages. Microbial activity is an essential contributor to traditional sausages’ sensorial characteristics, but whether the microbial patterns might be associated with the area of production is unclear. In the present research, we applied high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to provide a linkage between the area of production and Cyprus sausages’ bacterial diversity. To strengthen our findings, we used three different DNA extraction commercial kits: (i) the DNeasy PowerFood Microbial Kit (QIAGEN); (ii) the NucleoSpin Food Kit (MACHEREY-NAGEL); and (iii) the blackPREP Food DNA I Kit (Analytik Jena), in which we applied three different microbial cell wall lysis modifications. The modifications included heat treatment, bead beating, and enzymatic treatment. Results regarding metagenomic sequencing were evaluated in terms of number of reads, alpha diversity indexes, and taxonomic composition. The efficacy of each method of DNA isolation was assessed quantitatively based on the extracted DNA yield and the obtained copy number of (a) the 16S rRNA gene, (b) the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and (c) three Gram-positive bacteria that belong to the genera Latilactobacillus (formerly Lactobacillus), Bacillus, and Enterococcus via absolute quantification using qPCR. Compared with some examined industrial sausages, Pitsilia sausages had significantly higher bacterial alpha diversity (Shannon and Simpson indexes). Principal coordinates analysis separated the total bacterial community composition (beta diversity) of the three Pitsilia sausages from the industrial sausages, with the exception of one industrial sausage produced in Pitsilia, according to the manufacturer. Although the eight sausages shared the abundant bacterial taxa based on 16S rDNA HTS, we observed differences associated with bacterial diversity representation and specific genera. The findings indicate that the microbial communities may be used as an additional tool for identifying of the authenticity of Cypriot sausages.

scholarly journals 22 Comparison of vaginal microbiome and concentrations of estradiol at artificial insemination in Brangus heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
Riley D Messman ◽  
Zully Contreras-Correa ◽  
Henry A Paz ◽  
George Perry ◽  
Caleb O Lemley
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome

Abstract The knowledge surrounding the bovine vaginal microbiome and its implications on fertility and reproductive traits remains incomplete. The objective of the current study was to characterize the bovine vaginal microbiome and estradiol concentrations at time of artificial insemination (AI). Brangus heifers (n = 78) underwent a 7-d Co-Synch + CIDR estrus synchronization protocol. At AI, a double guarded uterine culture swab was used to sample the anterior vaginal tract. Blood samples were collected by coccygeal venipuncture to determine concentrations of estradiol. Heifers were retrospectively classified as pregnant (n = 29) versus nonpregnant (n = 49) on day 35. Lastly, heifers were classified into low (1.1 - 2.5 pg/ml; n = 21), medium (2.6 - 6.7 pg/ml; n = 30), and high (7.2 - 17.6 pg/ml; n = 27) concentrations of estradiol. The vaginal bacterial community composition was determined through sequencing of the V4-V5 region from the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina Miseq platform. ANOVA was used to compare the diversity metrics between treatment groups. PERMANOVA was utilized to determine variation in community structure. There were no statistical differences in the Shannon diversity index (alpha diversity; P = 0.336) or principal component analysis (beta diversity; P = 0.744) of pregnant versus nonpregnant animals. The vaginal microbiome of pregnant and nonpregnant animals was similar with the four most abundant phyla being Tenericutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Firmicutes. Overall bacterial community composition in animals with high, medium, or low concentrations of estradiol did not differ (P = 0.512). These results indicate that concentration of estradiol does not impact vaginal microbiome composition. In conclusion, the composition of the bovine vaginal microbiome, although dynamic, may not be directly linked to an animal’s reproductive ability.

scholarly journals 23 Comparison of vaginal microbiome and concentrations of estradiol at artificial insemination in Brangus heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Riley D Messman ◽  
Zully Contreras-Correa ◽  
Henry A Paz ◽  
George Perry ◽  
Caleb O Lemley
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome

Abstract The knowledge surrounding the bovine vaginal microbiome and its implications on fertility and reproductive traits remains incomplete. The objective of the current study was to characterize the bovine vaginal microbiome and estradiol concentrations at time of artificial insemination (AI). Brangus heifers (n = 78) underwent a 7-day Co-Synch + CIDR estrus synchronization protocol. At AI, a double guarded uterine culture swab was used to sample the anterior vaginal tract. Blood samples were collected by coccygeal venipuncture to determine concentrations of estradiol. Heifers were retrospectively classified as pregnant (n = 29) versus nonpregnant (n = 49) on day 35. Lastly, heifers were classified into low (1.1 - 2.5 pg/ml; n = 21), medium (2.6 - 6.7 pg/ml; n = 30), and high (7.2 - 17.6 pg/ml; n = 27) concentrations of estradiol. The vaginal bacterial community composition was determined through sequencing of the V4-V5 region from the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina Miseq platform. ANOVA was used to compare the diversity metrics between treatment groups. PERMANOVA was utilized to determine variation in community structure. There were no statistical differences in the Shannon diversity index (alpha diversity; P = 0.336) or principal component analysis (beta diversity; P = 0.744) of pregnant versus nonpregnant animals. The vaginal microbiome of pregnant and nonpregnant animals was similar with the four most abundant phyla being Tenericutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Firmicutes. Overall bacterial community composition in animals with high, medium, or low concentrations of estradiol did not differ (P = 0.512). These results indicate that concentration of estradiol does not impact vaginal microbiome composition. In conclusion, the composition of the bovine vaginal microbiome, although dynamic, may not be directly linked to an animal’s reproductive ability.

scholarly journals Effects of Simulated Nitrogen Deposition on the Bacterial Community of Urban Green Spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Lingzi Mo ◽  
Augusto Zanella ◽  
Xiaohua Chen ◽  
Bin Peng ◽  
Jiahui Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Soil Bacterial Community ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Continuing nitrogen (N) deposition has a wide-ranging impact on terrestrial ecosystems. To test the hypothesis that, under N deposition, bacterial communities could suffer a negative impact, and in a relatively short timeframe, an experiment was carried out for a year in an urban area featuring a cover of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) and simulating environmental N deposition. NH4NO3 was added as external N source, with four dosages (N0 = 0 kg N ha−2 y−1, N1 = 50 kg N ha−2 y−1, N2 = 100 kg N ha−2 y−1, N3 = 150 kg N ha−2 y−1). We analyzed the bacterial community composition after soil DNA extraction through the pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons. N deposition resulted in soil bacterial community changes at a clear dosage-dependent rate. Soil bacterial diversity and evenness showed a clear trend of time-dependent decline under repeated N application. Ammonium nitrogen enrichment, either directly or in relation to pH decrease, resulted in the main environmental factor related to the shift of taxa proportions within the urban green space soil bacterial community and qualified as a putative important driver of bacterial diversity abatement. Such an impact on soil life induced by N deposition may pose a serious threat to urban soil ecosystem stability and surrounding areas.

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