scholarly journals Molecular Typing of Mycoplasma genitalium-Positive Specimens Discriminates between Persistent and Recurrent Infections in Cases of Treatment Failure and Supports Contact Tracing

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Piñeiro ◽  
Pedro Idigoras ◽  
Gustavo Cilla
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Mycoplasma genitalium causes a sexually transmitted infection that sometimes persists or recurs despite adequate antibiotic treatment. Between 2014 and 2018, molecular typing was applied to 75 M. genitalium-positive samples from 48 patients with repeated infection and/or couples/groups of other infected sexual contacts. MG191 adhesin, MG309 lipoprotein, and the rRNA operon were amplified, sequenced, and typed using phylogenetic, variable number tandem repeat, and single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis, respectively. Amplicons were obtained in 74/75 samples, and the combination of locus patterns gave 44 different genetic profiles (discriminatory index of 0.987), with 43 considering only MG191 and MG309. Interestingly, 15/17 patients who presented a first sample sensitive and a second resistant to macrolides had the same genetic variant in the samples (persistence of the same strain). In 2/17 patients, discordant variants (one mixed infection and one recurrence due to incomplete contact tracing) were detected. In 31 additional not related and randomly distributed samples, MG191 typing obtained 23 different genotypes, with no appreciable clustering over time. The typing method allowed persistent and recurrent infections to be distinguished, indicating that macrolide resistance-associated mutations mostly developed during treatment. To detect these secondary resistant strains, prevent reinfections, and improve the control of M. genitalium infections, tests of cure and contact tracing of sexual partners should be mandatory.

scholarly journals Prevalence of urogenital, anal, and pharyngeal infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma genitalium: a cross-sectional study in Reunion island

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Calas ◽  
N. Zemali ◽  
G. Camuset ◽  
J. Jaubert ◽  
R. Manaquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Urogenital Infection ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Recommendations for sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening vary significantly across countries. This study evaluated the prevalence of urogenital and extragenital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) in patients visiting a French STI clinic in the Indian Ocean region to determine whether current STI screening practices should be updated. Methods This cross-sectional study examined all patients who visited the STI clinic between 2014 and 2015. Triplex polymerase chain reaction screening for CT, NG, and MG was performed on urine, vaginal, pharyngeal, and anal specimens (FTD Urethritis Basic Kit, Fast Track Diagnostics, Luxembourg). Results Of the 851 patients enrolled in the study, 367 were women (367/851, 43.2%) and 484 were men (484/851, 56.0%). Overall, 826 urogenital specimens (826/851, 97.1%), 606 pharyngeal specimens (606/851, 71.2%), and 127 anal specimens (127/851, 14.9%) were taken from enrolled patients. The prevalence of urogenital CT and MG was high in women ≤25 years (19/186, 10.21%; 5/186, 2.69%) and in men who have sex with women ≤30 years (16/212, 7.54%; 5/212, 2.36%). Among patients with urogenital CT infection, 13.7% (7/51) had urethritis. All patients with urogenital MG infection were asymptomatic. Men who have sex with men had a high prevalence of pharyngeal CT (2/45, 4.44%) and NG (3/44, 6.81%) and a high prevalence of anal CT (2/27, 7.41%), NG (2/27, 7.40%), and MG (1/27, 3.70%). After excluding patients with concomitant urogenital infection, extragenital infections with at least 1 of the 3 pathogens were found in 20 swabs (20/91, 21.9%) taken from 16 patients (16/81, 19.7%), all of them asymptomatic. Conclusions Routine multisite screening for CT, NG, and MG should be performed to mitigate the transmission of STIs in high-risk sexually active populations.

scholarly journals Improved molecular laboratory productivity by consolidation of testing on the new random-access analyzer Alinity m

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Obermeier ◽  
Monia Pacenti ◽  
Robert Ehret ◽  
Francesco Onelia ◽  
Rory Gunson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
International Multicenter Study ◽  
Laboratory Productivity ◽  
Laboratory Workflow

AbstractObjectivesAutomated molecular analyzers have accelerated diagnosis, allowing earlier intervention and better patient follow-up. A recently developed completely automated molecular analyzer, Alinity™ m (Abbott), offers consolidated, continuous, and random-access testing that may improve molecular laboratory workflow.MethodsAn international, multicenter study compared laboratory workflow metrics across various routine analyzers and Alinity m utilizing assays for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV), and sexually transmitted infection (STI) (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT]/Neisseria gonorrhoeae [NG]/Trichomonas vaginalis [TV]/Mycoplasma genitalium [MG]). Three turnaround times (TATs) were assessed: total TAT (sample arrival to result), sample onboard TAT (sample loading and test starting to result), and processing TAT (sample aspiration to result).ResultsTotal TAT was reduced from days with routine analyzers to hours with Alinity m, independent of requested assays. Sample onboard TATs for standard workflow using routine analyzers ranged from 7 to 32.5 h compared to 2.75–6 h for Alinity m. The mean sample onboard TAT for STAT samples on Alinity m was 2.36 h (±0.19 h). Processing TATs for Alinity m were independent of the combination of assays, with 100% of results reported within 117 min.ConclusionsThe consolidated, continuous, random-access workflow of Alinity m reduces TATs across various assays and is expected to improve both laboratory operational efficiency and patient care.

scholarly journals Current application and future perspectives of molecular typing methods to study Clostridium difficile infections

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C W Knetsch ◽  
T D Lawley ◽  
M P Hensgens ◽  
J Corver ◽  
M W Wilcox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Pcr Ribotyping

Molecular typing is an essential tool to monitor Clostridium difficile infections and outbreaks within healthcare facilities. Molecular typing also plays a key role in defining the regional and global changes in circulating C. difficile types. The patterns of C. difficile types circulating within Europe (and globally) remain poorly understood, although international efforts are under way to understand the spatial and temporal patterns of C. difficile types. A complete picture is essential to properly investigate type-specific risk factors for C. difficile infections (CDI) and track long-range transmission. Currently, conventional agarose gel-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotyping is the most common typing method used in Europe to type C. difficile. Although this method has proved to be useful to study epidemiology on local, national and European level, efforts are made to replace it with capillary electrophoresis PCR ribotyping to increase pattern recognition, reproducibility and interpretation. However, this method lacks sufficient discriminatory power to study outbreaks and therefore multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) has been developed to study transmission between humans, animals and food. Sequence-based methods are increasingly being used for C. difficile fingerprinting/typing because of their ability to discriminate between highly related strains, the ease of data interpretation and transferability of data. The first studies using whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism typing of healthcare-associated C. difficile within a clinically relevant timeframe are very promising and, although limited to select facilities because of complex data interpretation and high costs, these approaches will likely become commonly used over the coming years.

scholarly journals Prediction of Local Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates of a Predominantly Beijing Lineage by Use of a Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Typing Method Incorporating a Consensus Set of Hypervariable Loci

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiro Murase ◽  
Kiyohiko Izumi ◽  
Akihiro Ohkado ◽  
Akio Aono ◽  
Kinuyo Chikamatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tuberculosis Transmission ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hypervariable Loci

ABSTRACT Strain genotyping based on the variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) is widely applied for identifying the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A consensus set of four hypervariable loci (1982, 3232, 3820, and 4120) has been proposed to improve the discrimination of Beijing lineage strains. Herein, we evaluated the utility of these four hypervariable loci for tracing local tuberculosis transmission in 981 cases over a 14-month period in Japan (2010 to 2011). We used six different VNTR systems, with or without the four hypervariable loci. Patient ages and weighted standard distances (a measure of the dispersion of genotype-clustered cases) were used as proxies for estimating local tuberculosis transmission. The highest levels of isolate discrimination were achieved with VNTR systems that incorporated the four hypervariable loci (i.e., the Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association [JATA]18-VNTR, mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit [MIRU]28-VNTR, and 24Beijing-VNTR). The clustering rates by JATA12-VNTR, MIRU15-VNTR, JATA15-VNTR, JATA18-VNTR, MIRU28-VNTR, and 24Beijing-VNTR systems were 52.2%, 51.0%, 39.0%, 24.1%, 23.1%, and 22.0%, respectively. As the discriminative power increased, the median weighted standard distances of the clusters tended to decrease (from 311 to 80 km, P < 0.001, Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test). Concurrently, the median ages of patients in the clusters tended to decrease (from 68 to 60 years, P < 0.001, Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test). These findings suggest that strain typing using the four hypervariable loci improves the prediction of active local tuberculosis transmission. The four-locus set can therefore contribute to the targeted control of tuberculosis in settings with high prevalence of Beijing lineage strains.

scholarly journals Levels ofMycoplasma genitaliumAntimicrobial Resistance Differ by Both Region and Gender in the State of Queensland, Australia: Implications for Treatment Guidelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Sweeney ◽  
E. Trembizki ◽  
C. Bletchly ◽  
C. S. Bradshaw ◽  
A. Menon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACTMycoplasma genitaliumis frequently associated with urogenital and rectal infections, with the number of cases of macrolide-resistant and quinolone-resistantM. genitaliuminfection continuing to increase. In this study, we examined the levels of resistance to these two common antibiotic treatments in geographically distinct locations in Queensland, Australia. Samples were screened for macrolide resistance-associated mutations using a commercially available kit (ResistancePlus MG; SpeeDx), and quinolone resistance-associated mutations were identified by PCR and DNA sequencing. Comparisons between antibiotic resistance mutations and location/gender were performed. The levels ofM. genitaliummacrolide resistance were high across both locations (62%). Quinolone resistance mutations were found in ∼10% of all samples, with a number of samples harboring mutations conferring resistance to both macrolides and quinolones. Quinolone resistance was higher in southeast Queensland than in north Queensland, and this was consistent in both males and females (P = 0.007). TheM. genitaliumisolates in rectal swab samples from males harbored high levels of macrolide (75.9%) and quinolone (19%) resistance, with 15.5% harboring resistance to both classes of antibiotics. Overall, the lowest observed level of resistance was to quinolones in females from north Queensland (1.6%). These data highlight the high levels of antibiotic resistance inM. genitaliumisolates within Queensland and the challenges faced by sexually transmitted infection clinicians in managing these infections. The data do, however, show that the levels of antibiotic resistance may differ between populations within the same state, which has implications for clinical management and treatment guidelines. These findings also support the need for ongoing antibiotic resistance surveillance and tailored treatment.

Homelessness, sex and a tale of two sexually transmitted infections

2020 ◽  
pp. 095646242095890
Author(s):  
D Henning ◽  
C Parrott ◽  
T Read ◽  
S Cook ◽  
CS Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Screening Practice ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The Young People’s Health Service (YPHS) is a free, nurse-led Primary Health Care Clinic, in Melbourne, for young people aged 12–24 who are experiencing homelessness. Sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening is routinely offered as part of comprehensive psychosocial assessments. We wanted to determine the number of people positive for Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg), amongst this asymptomatic high-risk population. We also wanted to review our screening practice. All asymptomatic sexually active clients seen by YPHS between 2014 and 2016 were offered a first pass urine polymerase chain reaction-based test for Ct and Mg. Urine samples were taken for men and women. Positivity for Ct and Mg out of those tested was determined and association with gender examined. Between 2014–2016, 272 males and 278 females (n = 550) were screened for Ct, and 72 infections were detected (13.1%. Chlamydia positivity did not differ between males (n = 35; 12.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.8–16.8) and females (n = 37; 13.3%, 95%CI: 9.3–17.3). Over the same period 273 males and 284 females were screened for Mg (n = 557) and 55 infections were detected (9.9%). A higher proportion of females (n = 35; 12.3%, 95%CI: 8.5–16.1) tested positive compared to males (n = 20; 7.3%, 95%CI: 4.2–10.4), p = 0.048. Our study demonstrates both Ct and Mg are prevalent in the population, Mg being more common in young women than young men. Referral for specialist care for macrolide-resistant Mg increased and the updated Australian STI management guidelines led to a review of practice.

scholarly journals Partner notification and treatment outcomes among South African adolescents and young adults diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection via laboratory-based screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 627-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Chitneni ◽  
Mags Beksinska ◽  
Janan J Dietrich ◽  
Manjeetha Jaggernath ◽  
Kalysha Closson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Partner Notification ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Care Cascade ◽  
Essential Components

Partner notification and treatment are essential components of sexually transmitted infection (STI) management, but little is known about such practices among adolescents and young adults. Using data from a prospective cohort study (AYAZAZI) of youth aged 16–24 years in Durban, South Africa, we assessed the STI care cascade across participant diagnosis, STI treatment, partner notification, and partner treatment; index recurrent STI and associated factors; and reasons for not notifying partner of STI. Participants completed laboratory-based STI screening ( Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis) at enrollment and at 12 months. Of the 37/216 participants with STI (17%), 27/37 (73%) were women and 10/37 (27%) were men. Median age was 19 years (IQR: 18–20). Of the participants with STI, 23/37 (62%) completed a Treatment and Partner Tracing Survey within 6 months of diagnosis. All survey participants reported completing STI treatment (100%), 17/23 (74%) notified a partner, and 6/23 (35%) reported partner treatment. Overall, 4/23 (11%) participants had 12-month recurrent C. trachomatis infection, with no association with partner notification or treatment. Stigma and lack of STI knowledge were reasons for not notifying partner of STI. STI partner notification and treatment is a challenge among youth. Novel strategies are needed to overcome barriers along the STI care cascade.

Molecular typing of Francisella tularensis using multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Timofeev ◽  
T. Yu. Kudryavtseva ◽  
A. N. Mokrievich ◽  
V. M. Pavlov ◽  
I. A. Dyatlov
Keyword(s):  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Multiple Locus ◽  
Repeat Analysis

scholarly journals Genotyping of ClinicalMycobacterium tuberculosisIsolates Based on IS6110and MIRU-VNTR Polymorphisms

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Żaczek ◽  
Anna Brzostek ◽  
Arkadiusz Wojtasik ◽  
Jarosław Dziadek ◽  
Anna Sajduda
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Typing Technique ◽  
Discriminatory Index

In this study, 155 clinicalMycobacterium tuberculosisisolates were subject to genotyping with fast ligation-mediated PCR (FLiP). This typing method is a modified mixed-linker PCR, a rapid approach based on the PCR amplification ofHhaI restriction fragments of genomic DNA containing the 3′ end of IS6110and resolving the amplicons by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results were compared with previous data of the more commonly used methods, 15-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing and, to verify combined FLiP/MIRU-VNTR clusters, the reference IS6110restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). FLiP banding patterns were highly reproducible and polymorphic. This method differentiated 119 types among the study set compared to 108 distinct MIRU-VNTR profiles. The discriminatory power of FLiP was slightly higher than that of MIRU-VNTR analysis (Hunter-Gaston Discriminatory Index = 0.991 and 0.990, resp.). Detailed comparison of the clusters defined by each of the methods revealed, however, a more apparent difference in the discriminatory abilities that favored FLiP. Clustering of strains by using combined results of these two PCR-based methods correlated well with IS6110RFLP-defined clusters, further confirming high discriminatory potential of FLiP typing. These results indicate that FLiP could be an attractive and valuable secondary typing technique for verification of MIRU-VNTR clusters ofM. tuberculosisstrains.

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