scholarly journals Performance of an Immunochromatographic Test (ICT) in Comparison to Some Commonly Used Serological Tests for the Diagnosis of Brucellosis in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Serhan ◽  
Khan ◽  
Gasim ◽  
Alketbi ◽  
De Massis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fluorescence Polarization Assay

Serological tests may represent an essential tool for the diagnosis of camel brucellosis; however, concerns arise in the scientific community regarding the direct transposition from cattle and small ruminants without adequate validation. The present study was made to compare four serological tests for the diagnosis of brucellosis in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). In terms of sensitivity, our results show that the Immunochromatographic Test (ICT) shows the higher value of sensitivity, 98.67% (95% Confidence Level (C.L): 94.36%–99.99%), followed by the Fluorescence Polarization Assay (FPA) with 95.05% (95% C.L: 88.23%–99.51%), then the Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA) with 94.94% (95% C.L: 88.25%–99.45%) and, finally, the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) with 68.95% (95% C.L: 56.55%–80.69%), which is the only test showing a significantly lower sensitivity compared to the others. On the other hand, our study revealed no significant difference in terms of specificity between all the tests under study, with a range from 99.06% (95% C.L: 98.34%–99.64%) for the ICT to 99.92% (95% C.L: 99.64%–100%) for the RBT. The ICT was found to be comparable in terms of sensitivity and specificity with the most commonly used tests for camel brucellosis. The results of the present study are of paramount importance for designing surveillance and control measures for brucellosis in camel populations.

scholarly journals Serological Investigation of Peste Des Petits Ruminants in East Shewa and Arsi Zones, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Gari ◽  
Biressaw Serda ◽  
Dejene Negesa ◽  
Fethu Lemma ◽  
Hagos Asgedom
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Disease

Peste des petits ruminant (PPR) is an economically important disease of small ruminants with a rapidly expanding geographical distribution. There are fragmented reports to the occurrence and distribution of the disease in Ethiopia. A total of 700 serum samples were collected from goats and sheep to detect the presence of antibody against PPR virus using Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (C-ELISA). An overall PPR seropositivity was reported to be 48.43% in the area. There is no statistically significant difference in the seroprevalence of the disease between sheep and goats (50.85% and 46.68%), respectively. However, there was statistically significant variation (P<0.05) in the seroprevalence of the disease in young (33.9%) and adult (55.8%) age categories. The seroprevalence in male and female was 42.07% and 50.09%, respectively, where the variation was statistically not significant (P>0.05). High seroprevalence of Peste des petites ruminants in the study area indicated the virus circulation and endemicity of the disease. The disease causes substantial economic losses by affecting the livelihood of the farmers. Therefore, control measures should be put in place to minimize the loss associated with the disease.

scholarly journals Serological Investigations of Brucellosis in Cattle, Farmers and Veterinarians in the Kars District of Turkey

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Otlu ◽  
M. Sahin ◽  
H. I. Atabay ◽  
A. Unver
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

The prevalence of brucellosis was investigated in cattle, farmers and veterinarians in the Kars district of Turkey between 2004 - 2006. In order to achieve this, a total of 407 serum samples of cattle from 27 herds having history of abortions were examined for Brucella antibodies by RBPT and SAT. In addition, the sera collected from 246 farmers (130 males and 116 females) and 28 veterinarians in the same district were analysed serologically by RBPT, SAT and ELISA. Of the cattle sera analysed, 134 (32.92%) and 141 (34.64%) were determined as positive by RBPT and SAT, respectively. Thirty-two (13%), 35 (14.22%) and 44 (17.88%) of the farmers' sera were found positive for brucellosis by RBPT, SAT and ELISA, respectively. There was no significant difference between sexes for Brucella seropositivity. Of the 28 sera from veterinarians, 13 (46.42%) were positive by the three serological tests. The high prevalence of brucellosis both in cattle and humans suggests that brucellosis is common in this area. Preventive and control measures should be implemented and pursued more strictly to reduce and/or eradicate brucellosis from the area.

scholarly journals Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Accurate and Prompt Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Diagnosis Using the Rational Selection of Serological Biomarkers

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1970
Author(s):  
Theano Lagousi ◽  
John Routsias ◽  
Vana Spoulou
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Kits ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Serological Biomarkers ◽  
Selection Of

Prompt COVID-19 diagnosis is urgently required to support infection control measures. Currently available serological tests for measuring SARS-CoV-2 antibodies use different target antigens, although their sensitivity and specificity presents a challenge. We aimed to develop an “in-house” serological ELISA to measure antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by combining different protein antigens. Sera (n = 44) from COVID-19-confirmed patients were evaluated against different SARS-CoV-2 protein antigens and all potential combinations using ELISA. Patients’ sera were also evaluated against commercially available ELISA diagnostic kits. The mixture containing RBD 2.5 μg/mL, S2 1 μg/mL and N 1.5 μg/mL was found to be the most potent. Plates were incubated with patients’ sera (1:100), and goat anti-human alkaline phosphatase-conjugated IgG, ΙgM and IgA antibody was added. The cut-off value for each assay was determined using the mean optical density plus two standard deviations of pre-pandemic controls. The “in-house” ELISA displayed 91% sensitivity and 97% specificity for IgG antibodies, whereas its sensitivity and specificity for IgM and IgA were 75% and 95% and 73% and 91%, respectively. The “in-house” ELISA developed here combined three SARS-CoV-2 antigens (RBD, S2 and N) as capture antigens and displayed comparable and even higher sensitivity and specificity than otherwise quite reliable commercially available ELISA diagnostic kits.

scholarly journals Comparative Brucella abortus antibody prevalence in cattle under contrasting husbandry practices in Uganda

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Nizeyimana ◽  
Frank N. Mwiine ◽  
Chrisostom Ayebazibwe
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
System P ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Husbandry Practices ◽  
Antibody Elisa ◽  
The Rose

A study was conducted in the Luwero and Nakasongola districts in central Uganda to determine and compare the prevalence and distribution of antibodies against Brucella abortus in cattle under contrasting husbandry practices, using two serological tests. Three hundred and fifteen serum samples were systematically sampled from 29 farms and subsequently tested using the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and Indirect Antibody Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (I-ELISA). The overall prevalence of antibodies against Brucella abortus in the Nakasongola and Luwero districts was 2.4% and 4.7% on RBPT, compared with 1.2% and 3.34 % on I-ELISA. There was no significant difference between the results obtained by RBPT and indirect antibody ELISA (p > 0.05). It was noted that antibodies against Brucella abortus were widely spread over different farms regardless of the cattle grazing system (p > 0.05). Based on the findings, it is feasible to use RBPT as a cheaper screening alternative for brucellosis. A comprehensive national brucellosis study should be undertaken to study the epidemiology and prevalence of brucellosis in Uganda.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Accuracy between IMMULITE2000® and GENEDIA® for Helicobacter pylori Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Seon Hee Lim ◽  
Nayoung Kim ◽  
Sung Eun Kim ◽  
Gwang Ho Baik ◽  
Ju Yup Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Health Checkup ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
H Pylori

Background/Aims: In serological tests for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GENEDIA<sup>®</sup>) and a solid-phase, two-step chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (IMMULITE<sup>®</sup>), which are easy to perform, inexpensive, and widely available, are commonly used. However, local validation of the test performance of IMMULITE<sup>®</sup> is required. This study aimed to examine the performance of IMMULITE<sup>®</sup> in comparison with that of GENEDIA<sup>®</sup> in a Korean health checkup population.Materials and Methods: The sera of 300 subjects among those who underwent health checkup were analyzed using IMMULITE<sup>®</sup>, and results were compared with those of GENEDIA<sup>®</sup>. The two serological tests were compared for their ability to predict atrophic gastritis (AG) or intestinal metaplasia (IM) on endoscopy.Results: We found significant correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.903, <i>P</i><0.0001) and an almost perfect agreement (Cohen’s Kappa coefficient=0.987, <i>P</i><0.0001) between the results of GENEDIA<sup>®</sup> and IMMULITE<sup>®</sup>. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) for AG using GENEDIA<sup>®</sup> and IMMULITE<sup>®</sup> were 0.590 and 0.604, respectively, and showed no statistically significant difference in predictive ability for AG (<i>Z</i>-statistics=-0.517, <i>P</i>=0.605). The AUC for IM by GENEDIA<sup>®</sup> and IMMULITE<sup>®</sup> were 0.578 and 0.593, respectively, with no statistically significant difference in predictive ability for IM between the two values (<i>Z</i>-statistics=-0.398, <i>P</i>=0.691).Conclusions: No statistically significant difference in diagnostic value for <i>H. pylori</i> infection was found between GENEDIA<sup>®</sup> and IMMULITE<sup>®</sup>.

scholarly journals Comparison between Immunochromatographic Test and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay in Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection among Gastritis Patients in Khartoum State-Sudan

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Omer Abu Elgasim ◽  
Salman Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi ◽  
Rayan Abdelwahid Mohammed ◽  
Adil Elamin Faroug
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Endoscopic Biopsy ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Immunoglobulin Gamma

Background: The gold standard for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection requires an endoscopic biopsy of gastric mucosa for histological examination, urease test and culture; however serological tests are useful as a screening test for Helicobacter pylori infection. Objective: To compare between Immunochromatographic Test and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay techniques in detection of Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin gamma antibodies in serum of patients suffer from gastritis. Materials and Methods: 245 patients were screened for Helicobacter pylori infections by rapid urease test. Sera from these patients were tested for anti- Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin gamma antibodies by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunochromatographic Test techniques. Results: Of 245 patients tested, Immunochromatographic Test positive/negative 114 (46.5%)/131 (53.5%), whereas Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay positive/negative were 124 (50.6%)/121 (49.4%). Sensitivity/ specificity was 67.4%/74.5% and 90.2%/89.3% for Immunochromatographic Test/Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay positive/negative, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 71%/89.7% for Immunochromatographic Test/Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, respectively. Conclusion: The Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique was found to be more sensitive, specific and accurate compared to the Immunochromatographic Test while The Immunochromatographic Test is commercially available, inexpensive and easy to perform compared to the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay.

Moving ahead in HCV diagnostics: Need for the introduction of HCV core antigen assay in low and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Gupta ◽  
Akshita Gupta ◽  
PadakiNagaraja Rao ◽  
Srinivas Chakravarthy Narsimhachar ◽  
Anil Arora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Hcv Core Antigen ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Significant Difference

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality globally. The diagnosis of HCV is primarily based on indirect serological assays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA), and rapid diagnostic tests to detect HCV antibodies. Direct tests detect/quantify components of HCV virions, such as HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) (nucleic acid test or nucleic acid amplification test [NAT]) and HCV core antigen (HCVcAg). The HCVcAg assay (CIA, Abbott ARCHITECT) is an immune assay used for the quantitative determination of the HCVcAg. This test is simple and fast with the potential to be incorporated into diagnostic guidelines and be used in combination with anti-HCV (CIA) as an effective screening test. HCVcAg can also be used as a potential biomarker for treatment initiation and monitoring patients to assess the treatment response. Apart from this, the scope for implementation of the HCVcAg assay in resource limited setting lies in screening of immune compromised patients where anti-HCV serology is not dependable. However, concerns related to lower sensitivity compared to HCV RNA do exist. Nevertheless, the HCVcAg assay can make a significant difference in the measures taken for the control and eradication of hepatitis C and its complications in India.

scholarly journals Prevalence of peste des petits ruminants in the arid zone in the Republic of Niger

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Souaibou Farougou ◽  
Mariama Gagara ◽  
Guy A. Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Republic

The study aimed to determine the prevalence of peste des petits ruminants in the arid zone (Niamey, Tillabéry and Tahoua) of the Republic of Niger. A serological survey was conducted and 519 serum samples were collected from 253 unvaccinated sheep and 266 unvaccinated goats. The sample included 340 female animals (168 sheep and 172 goats) and 160 kids and lambs (78 lambs and 82 kids). A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay yielded an overall seroprevalence of 45.0%. The prevalence in sheep was 42.0% compared with 47.9% in goats. The seroprevalence observed amongst small ruminants in Tahoua (49.8%) and Tillabéry (46.6%) was significantly higher (p = 0.001) than that observed in animals from Niamey (25.1%). It was also higher (p = 0.04) in sheep younger than two years (51.8%) than in adults (37.6%). Conversely, the seroprevalence showed no significant difference between male animals (35.8% in sheep; 50.1% in goats) and female animals (45.1% in sheep; 46.4% in goats). The prevalence of the disease observed amongst the sheep and goat populations confirms the continued danger of this disease in the areas studied. It is therefore necessary to develop strategies such as improving livestock services, providing effective vaccines and implementing a vaccination programme for an effective control of the disease in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii in goats from Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil: risks factors and epidemiology

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Garcia ◽  
Cristina Sotomaior ◽  
Aguinaldo José do Nascimento ◽  
Italmar Teodorico Navarro ◽  
Vanete Thomaz Soccol
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Eastern State ◽  
One Year ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan with wide geographical distribution and minimal parasitic specificity that affects many species of wild and domestic animals. In livestock, especially in small ruminants like goats, toxoplasmosis can cause abortion and the birth of weak animals, leading to economic losses to farmers, and is a major source of human infection. This is a seroepidemiological study of toxoplasmosis in goats in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Sera from 405 goats from the metropolitan mesoregion of Curitiba, eastern state, were tested by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Information on properties and goat characteristics was also collected using questionnaires. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was 39.41 and 35.96% by ELISA and IFAT, respectively. T. gondii antibody prevalence increased with age. The risk factors for T. gondii infection in goats were: age over one year; exposure to cats, type of management and purpose of breeding. Other epidemiological factors and relevant control measures are discussed in the current study.

scholarly journals Fluorescence polarization assay, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-C) and indirect ELISA for the diagnosis of brucellosis in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1621-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lília Márcia Silva Paulin ◽  
Luis Ernesto Samartino ◽  
Sandra Beatriz Conde ◽  
Igor Stefan Poppovic Federsoni ◽  
Fernando Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fluorescence Polarization ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Relative Specificity ◽  
Fluorescence Polarization Assay ◽  
Kappa Agreement

The objective of the present study was to compare the performance of three serological tests for diagnosis of Brucella abortus infections in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Serum samples collected from 696 adult females were submitted to the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-C), (I-ELISA), fluorescence polarization test (FPA), 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME) and complement fixation test (CFT). The gold standard was the combination of CFT and 2-ME, considering as positive the reactors in both CFT and 2-ME, and as negative those non-reactors. ROC analyses were done for C-ELISA, I-ELISA and FPA and the Kappa agreement index were also calculated. The best combinations of relative sensitivity (SEr) and relative specificity (SPr) and Kappa were given by C-ELISA (96.9%, 99.1%, and 0.932, respectively) and FPA (92.2%, 97.6 and 0.836, respectively). The C-ELISA and FPA were the most promising confirmatory tests for the serological diagnosis of brucellosis in buffaloes, and for these tests, cut-off values for buffaloes may be the same as those used for bovines.

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